A GENERALIZED CODE FOR COMPUTING CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK

This paper focuses on developing a generalized CRC code where the user can vary the size of the generator polynomial [1] such as 9 bits (CRC-8), 17 bits (CRC-16), 33 bits (CRC-32), 65 bits (CRC-64). The working of the code has been shown taking an example and the resulting simulations obtained are shown

POWER REDUCTION IN MODERN VLSI CIRCUITS – A REVIEW

This paper focuses on the importance of reducing power consumption by VLSI circuits using different power reduction techniques. In this paper, various sources of power dissipation in modern VLSI circuits along with various power reduction techniques as adopted in industry today are discussed

Signaling Circuits and Regulation of Immune Suppression by Ovarian Tumor-Associated Macrophages

The barriers presented by immune suppression in the ovarian tumor microenvironment present one of the biggest challenges to development of successful tumor vaccine strategies for prevention of disease recurrence and progression following primary surgery and chemotherapy. New insights gained over the last decade have revealed multiple mechanisms of immune regulation, with ovarian tumor-associated macrophages/DC likely to fulfill a central role in creating a highly immunosuppressive milieu that supports disease progression and blocks anti-tumor immunity. This review provides an appraisal of some of the key signaling pathways that may contribute to immune suppression in ovarian cancer, with a particular focus on the potential involvement of the c-KIT/PI3K/AKT, wnt/β-catenin, IL-6/STAT3 and AhR signaling pathways in regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in tumor-associated macrophages. Knowledge of intercellular and intracellular circuits that shape immune suppression may afford insights for development of adjuvant treatments that alleviate immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and enhance the clinical efficacy of ovarian tumor vaccines

An innovative method of cellulose acetate membrane based isolation of mitochondria and mtDNA extraction from the liver of <i style="">Duttaphrynus melanostictus </i>(Schneider, 1799)

171-175Mitochondria isolated by a non-conventional method of membrane filtration were used for mtDNA extraction. This technique allows trapping of mitochondria on cellulose acetate membrane. The procedure does not involve sophisticated instruments and can be performed out of laboratory conditions. The advantages of this procedure are discussed in this paper

Facet Engineering for Manipulated Photoluminescence Blinking from Perovskite Nanocrystals

Photoluminescence (PL) blinking of nanoparticles, while detrimental for their optoelectronic and imaging applications, can be beneficial for next-generation displays, especially when blinking is precisely controlled by reversible electron/hole injection from an external source. Efforts have been made toward forming a definite charged state to understand trion-induced PL-blinking by electrochemical charging of nanoparticles, which may lead to greater control over PL-blinking. A key parameter deciding the success of controllable PL-blinking from nanoparticles is their affinities towards photo-oxidation and/or photo-reduction. This work shows that facet engineering renders perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with distinct blinking properties based on their number of facets. Interestingly, the off-duration (τ_off) in the PL intensity time-trace and the fraction time spent in the off-state of a surface-immobilized PNC enhance as the number of facets increases from six (cube-PNC) to twelve (dodecahedron-PNC) and, to twenty-six (rhombicuboctahedron-PNC). Our observation suggests a greater affinity for photo-charging of extra faceted PNCs

Dodecahedron CsPbBr₃ Perovskite Nanocrystals Enable Facile Harvesting of Hot Electrons and Holes

This Letter reports the facile harvesting of hot carriers (HCs) in a composite of 12-faceted dodecahedron CsPbBr3 nanocrystal (NC) and a scavenger molecule. We recorded ∼3.3 × 1011 s–1 HC cooling rate in NC when excited with ∼1.4 times the band gap energy (Eg), increasing to >3 × 1012 s–1 in the presence of scavengers at high concentration due to the HC extractions. Since the observed intrinsic charge transfer rate (∼1.7 × 1012 s–1) in our NC–scavenger complex is about an order of magnitude higher than the HC cooling rate (∼3.3 × 1011 s–1), carriers are harvested before their cooling. Further, a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study reveals NC tends to form a quasi-stable complex with a scavenger molecule, ensuring charge transfer completed (τct ≈ 0.6 ps) much before the complex breaks apart (>600 μs). The overall results of our study highlight the promise shown by 12-faceted NCs and their implications in modern applications, including hot carrier solar cells

Evaluation of antileishmanial activity of South Indian medicinal plants against Leishmania donovani

Infections due to protozoa of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial activity of the acetone and methanol leaf extracts of Anisomeles malabarica, flower of Gloriosa superba, leaf of Ocimum basilicum, leaf and seed of Ricinus communis against promastigotes form of Leishmania donovani. Antiparasitic evaluations of different plant crude extracts were performed on 96 well plates at 37 °C for 24–48 h. Out of the 10 experimental plant extracts tested, the leaf methanol extracts of A. malabarica, and R. communis showed good antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 126 ± 19.70 and 184 ± 39.33 μg/mL), respectively against promastigotes. Effective antileishmanial activity was observed making these plants as good candidates for isolation of antiprotozoal compounds which could serve as new lead structures for drug development

An Atypical Splenic B Cell Progenitor Population Supports Antibody Production during Plasmodium Infection in Mice

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) function to replenish the immune cell repertoire under steady-state conditions and in response to inflammation due to infection or stress. Whereas the bone marrow serves as the primary niche for hematopoiesis, extramedullary mobilization and differentiation of HSPCs occur in the spleen during acute Plasmodium infection, a critical step in the host immune response. In this study, we identified an atypical HSPC population in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice, with a lineage(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(-) (LSK(-)) phenotype that proliferates in response to infection with nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii 17X. Infection-derived LSK(-) cells upon transfer into naive congenic mice were found to differentiate predominantly into mature follicular B cells. However, when transferred into infection-matched hosts, infection-derived LSK(-) cells gave rise to B cells capable of entering into a germinal center reaction, and they developed into memory B cells and Ab-secreting cells that were capable of producing parasite-specific Abs. Differentiation of LSK(-) cells into B cells in vitro was enhanced in the presence of parasitized RBC lysate, suggesting that LSK(-) cells expand and differentiate in direct response to the parasite. However, the ability of LSK(-) cells to differentiate into B cells was not dependent on MyD88, as myd88(-/-) LSK(-) cell expansion and differentiation remained unaffected after Plasmodium infection. Collectively, these data identify a population of atypical lymphoid progenitors that differentiate into B lymphocytes in the spleen and are capable of contributing to the ongoing humoral immune response against Plasmodium infection