A Study on Role of Fast in Blunt Abdominal Trauma

INTRODUCTION: Blunt abdominal trauma consists of those cases where there is injury to one or more viscera with or without any external injury. The most important pre-operative management in these patients is to ascertain the need for laparotomy. The screening test must be highly sensitive and quick. It is also clear advantage to the operating surgeon if the same test is sensitive enough for citing the organ of injury. FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) is a rapid portable non-invasive examination, that can be performed by emergency clinicians and trauma surgeons to detect hemoperitoneum. The current FAST protocol with patient in supine position consists of 4 acoustic windows: perihepatic, perisplenic, pelvic and pericardiac. Presence of free fluid in any of the 4 acoustic windows is considered as positive FAST. The present study outlines the role and diagnostic avidity of FAST in Blunt Abdominal Trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study has been performed in Tirunelveli Medical College and Hospital over a period of one and half year with a study population of 60 patients. Trauma patients presented in TVMCH casualty with complaints of abdominal pain and injuries were included irrespective of age and sex. While, patients with suspected head injury and penetrating abdominal injury were excluded. FAST was carried out in all 4 acoustic windows and was confirmed by CT-scan. Further management was done accordingly. RESULTS: Majority of the patients were in the age group of 13 to 60 years amounting to 93%. Males were mostly affected (80%) when compared to females (20%). Most of the patients presented with pain abdomen followed by vomiting and abdominal distension. Perihepatic and perisplenic collection was the most common finding in FAST positive cases. The most common intra-operative findings were splenic injury followed by hepatic and bowel injury. Perisplenic collection showed the highest intra-operative correlation with FAST. However, intra-operative correlations were found variable for perihepatic and pe;lvic collections in FAST. CONCLUSIONS: Focussed Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) has established a promisingly high diagnostic avidity with sensitivity of 96.67% and specificity of 100% in detecting free fluid among patients with blunt abdominal trauma. The sonographic scan findings showed a decent correlation with the intra-oprative findings. Diagnosing the organ injured is particularly difficult when multiple window collections were noted in FAST. Considering the future prospect of this study, with technological advancement, FAST is reaching beyond the institution level to the injured patients in multiple casualty incidents and battlefield situations

Bacteriological quality of water and diarrhoea among ethnic and non-ethnic communities of rural area of West Tripura, India

Background: Waterborne diseases are the major causes of health seeking by ethnic and non-ethnic communities of West Tripura district of India. Safe and wholesome water is a basic requirement for good health. Microbiological contamination of water is responsible for most of the waterborne diseases and diarrhoea is still a major killer of childhood.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 177 ethnic and non-ethnic households chosen by multi stage sampling from West Tripura District of North East India during June - July 2016 to assess the bacteriological quality of water and to find out its association with the occurrence of diarrhoea.Results: Among the ethnic and non-ethnic households shallow tube wells were the source for 52.18% and 62.35 %, deep tube wells for 19.56% and 29.41%, and pipe water for 20.65 % and 5.89 households respectively. Sanitary latrines ware used in 46.73% ethnic and 50.59% non-ethnic households. In both the group filtration was practiced by 85% and no purification by 1%. Covered vessels were used for storing water in 94.57% ethnic and 95.30% non-ethnic households. Source of water was mildly contaminated in 15% ethnic and 10% non-ethnic, moderate and heavy contaminations were 11% and 8% each respectively in both the groups. At the point of consumption moderate and heavy contaminations were 2% each in ethnic households. Mild and severe contaminations were 3% and 1% respectively in non-ethnic group. Diarrhoea was significantly more frequent among households consuming coliform contaminated water (p<0.05).Conclusions: Half of the study population was using insanitary latrine and one fifth were collecting water from contaminated sources. Hence provision of safe water and promotion of sanitary latrine is needed to prevent waterborne diseases in this community

A bibliometric study of Indian patent applications from 1995 to 2005

153-163Analysis of data on Indian patent applications obtained from the annual reports of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks show that there is increased patent filing activity in India. Maharahtra, Delhi and Tamil Nadu are the leading states in patent filing in India whereas USA, Japan and Germany and the leading countries in patent filing in India. Increased patent filing activity is seen the areas of biotechnology, computer and electronics

Unilateral hyperkeratotic plaques along blaschko lines

Epidermolytic ichthyosis (or epidermolytic hyperkeratosis) classically presents with erythroderma and increased fragility (blistering) at birth or soon thereafter. In later life, erythroderma and blistering improve gradually and the clinical picture is dominated by hyperkeratotic plaques in flexures and around joints. Linear epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a unique, uncommon clinical variant and the absence of erythroderma and blistering are its hallmark. Linear lesions may be localized or generalized andunilateral or bilateral. Herein we report a 6-year-old girl with unilateral epidermolytic ichthyosis

Unilateral hyperkeratotic plaques along blaschko lines

Epidermolytic ichthyosis (or epidermolytic hyperkeratosis) classically presents with erythroderma and increased fragility (blistering) at birth or soon thereafter. In later life, erythroderma and blistering improve gradually and the clinical picture is dominated by hyperkeratotic plaques in flexures and around joints. Linear epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a unique, uncommon clinical variant and the absence of erythroderma and blistering are its hallmark. Linear lesions may be localized or generalized andunilateral or bilateral. Herein we report a 6-year-old girl with unilateral epidermolytic ichthyosis

Examine the Role of Agriculture to Mitigate the CO2 Emission in Bangladesh

The current study analyzed the optimum solution to mitigate CO2 emission in Bangladesh. The significant factor of this study is agricultural productions and activities in Bangladesh are the superior carbon absorber. To estimate the effective result and findings this perusal conducts the Generalized Method of Movement with considering agricultural productions as a key variable to mitigate the CO2 emission. The econometric result finds that agricultural production reduces carbon emission in selected models. An increase the agricultural activities and green harvesting significantly reduce CO2 emission. Whatever, the empirical result also states that increasing agricultural production is not only a productive way to mitigate CO2, also, that CO2 could be mitigated to invest in agriculture, provide initiative or subsidies in the agriculture sector. The current study provides a substantial way to mitigate carbon dioxide without any harms of economic growth

Examine the Role of Agriculture to Mitigate the CO2 Emission in Bangladesh

The current study analyzed the optimum solution to mitigate CO2 emission in Bangladesh. The significant factor of this study is agricultural productions and activities in Bangladesh are the superior carbon absorber. To estimate the effective result and findings this perusal conducts the Generalized Method of Movement with considering agricultural productions as a key variable to mitigate the CO2 emission. The econometric result finds that agricultural production reduces carbon emission in selected models. An increase the agricultural activities and green harvesting significantly reduce CO2 emission. Whatever, the empirical result also states that increasing agricultural production is not only a productive way to mitigate CO2, also, that CO2 could be mitigated to invest in agriculture, provide initiative or subsidies in the agriculture sector. The current study provides a substantial way to mitigate carbon dioxide without any harms of economic growth

Autologous serum therapy in chronic urticaria: A promising complement to antihistamines

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a vexing problem and patients of CU suffer from the morbidity that arise from irritable itch and weals and are also subjected to a huge antihistamine pill burden. The symptoms are more in autoreactive urticaria (AU) where auto-antibodies in blood flares-up the condition. Search for newer effective modalities which can reduce pill burden is a felt need. Aims: This study evaluates the effectiveness of autologous serum therapy (AST) in CU and also determines its usefulness in AU. Materials and Methods: Double blind, parallel group, randomized, controlled study. Fifty four patients were given AST and 57 patients were given injection normal saline (placebo), along with cetirizine in an on-demand basis in both groups. AST/Placebo was given weekly for nine weeks and followed-up for a total period of 24 weeks. AU was diagnosed by autologous serum skin test. Urticaria total severity score (TSS), Urticaria activity score (UAS), Dermatologic life quality index (DLQI) was used as primary effectiveness variables. Safety parameters assessed were the spontaneously reported adverse events and laboratory parameters. Results: TSS showed significant improvement from baseline, 7 th week and 8 th week onwards in AST group and placebo group respectively. Group comparison showed significant improvement 4 th week onwards. UAS showed similar results. DLQI showed significant improvement in AST group compared to placebo at the end of study. Both AU and non-AU patients showed comparable improvement of TSS. Conclusion: AST shows promise in treatment of urticaria regardless of the autoreactive nature