Invariances and Data Augmentation for Supervised Music Transcription

This paper explores a variety of models for frame-based music transcription, with an emphasis on the methods needed to reach state-of-the-art on human recordings. The translation-invariant network discussed in this paper, which combines a traditional filterbank with a convolutional neural network, was the top-performing model in the 2017 MIREX Multiple Fundamental Frequency Estimation evaluation. This class of models shares parameters in the log-frequency domain, which exploits the frequency invariance of music to reduce the number of model parameters and avoid overfitting to the training data. All models in this paper were trained with supervision by labeled data from the MusicNet dataset, augmented by random label-preserving pitch-shift transformations.Comment: 6 page

ESTIMATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FARGODOME TO THE AREA ECONOMY

Tourism has become an important economic sector in many parts of the world, and many regions, states, and local areas are increasingly looking to expenditures by visitors as a potential source of economic growth. Some communities have developed facilities to host sports events or other forms of entertainment to attract out-of-town visitors. Thus, the multi-purpose sports arena/auditorium has joined the industrial park as a community economic development initiative. This paper estimates the economic contribution of a multi-purpose sports and auditorium facility located in Fargo, North Dakota. Since opening its doors in December of 1992, the FARGODOME has hosted a wide variety of sporting events (e.g., college and high school football, rodeo, professional basketball), concerts, trade shows, and other forms of entertainment (e.g., ice shows, circuses, motor sports events). The purpose of this study was to estimate the contribution that FARGODOME event attendees and participants make to the Fargo area economy. The assessment process included (1) determining the residency and expenditure patterns of event attendees and participants, (2) estimating the aggregate direct economic contribution to the area economy by combining event attendee attributes and expenditures with FARGODOME records of the number of events held at the facility and attendance at each, and (3) estimating the secondary economic impacts associated with the FARGODOME's direct economic contribution. Event attendees' and participants' (e.g., exhibitors, athletes, and accompanying persons) place of residence and expenditures were obtained through intercept surveys of attendees/participants at selected FARGODOME events. The expenditures made directly by the FARGODOME to local entities (i.e., for payroll, benefits, utilities, etc.) were added to the attendees'/participants' expenditures outside the facility to arrive at the total direct economic impact (contribution) to the Fargo area. Then, the North Dakota Input-Output Model was used to estimate the secondary (multiplier) effects resulting from FARGODOME activities. Economic impacts will be reported using indicators such as gross business volume (gross receipts) of various economic sectors (e.g., retail trade), personal income, and employment.economic impacts, visitor spending, sports events, Public Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Age Estimates of Two Large Misty Grouper, Epinephelus mystacinus (Serranidae) from Bermuda with a Comparison of the Age of Tropical Groupers in the Western Atlantic

Misty grouper are known to attain at least 54 kg and 115 cm total length (TL) (Heemstra and Randall 1993) although a maximum size of 160 cm TL is reported (Appeldoorn et al. 1987, cited in www.FishBase.com). Recently, two specimens (152 and 157 mm TL) were landed by commercial fisherman from the edge of the Bermuda platform, providing documentation of the maximum size which may be attained by this species. There are no age and growth studies on misty grouper (Heemstra and Randall 1993; www.FishBase.com). Therefore, the age data presented here, although not validated, represent the first estimates of maximum longevity and support Campana’s (2005) statement that, “methods for validating ages of deep-sea fishes are urgently required.” We compared the age estimates of our misty grouper specimens with the age of a large wreckfish (45.5 kg) taken from a similar but deeper-water habitat. In addition, we provide a comparison of the maximum ages of 9 other species of grouper in the western Atlantic

Recurrent cerebellar architecture solves the motor-error problem

Current views of cerebellar function have been heavily influenced by the models of Marr and Albus, who suggested that the climbing fibre input to the cerebellum acts as a teaching signal for motor learning. It is commonly assumed that this teaching signal must be motor error (the difference between actual and correct motor command), but this approach requires complex neural structures to estimate unobservable motor error from its observed sensory consequences. We have proposed elsewhere a recurrent decorrelation control architecture in which Marr-Albus models learn without requiring motor error. Here, we prove convergence for this architecture and demonstrate important advantages for the modular control of systems with multiple degrees of freedom. These results are illustrated by modelling adaptive plant compensation for the three-dimensional vestibular ocular reflex. This provides a functional role for recurrent cerebellar connectivity, which may be a generic anatomical feature of projections between regions of cerebral and cerebellar cortex

Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds

The opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine) have been detected on poppy seeds; they are widely used by the food industry for decoration and flavor but can introduce opium alkaloids into the food chain. Of the opium alkaloids found on poppy seeds, morphine, and codeine are the most pharmacologically active and have been detected in biological matrices collected in workplace and roadside drug testing resulting in positive opiate results. The European Food Safety Authority introduced an acute reference dose of 10 μg morphine/kg of body weight as a safe level for morphine in food products. In this work, it was found that in harvested poppy seeds, and thermally processed poppy seeds (with and without a food matrix), if used in normal levels would not exceed the recommended acute reference dose. It was also shown that the levels of all alkaloids reduce when thermally processed, in comparison with harvested, untreated seeds

Independence Distribution Preserving Covariance Structures for the Multivariate Linear Model

AbstractConsider the multivariate linear model for the random matrixYn×p∼MN(XB,V⊗Σ), whereBis the parameter matrix,Xis a model matrix, not necessarily of full rank, andV⊗Σ is annp×nppositive-definite dispersion matrix. This paper presents sufficient conditions on the positive-definite matrixVsuch that the statistics for testingH0:CB=0vsHa:CB≠0have the same distribution as under the i.i.d. covariance structureI⊗Σ

The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Description of the Spitzer Legacy Science Database

We present the science database produced by the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS) Spitzer Legacy program. Data reduction and validation procedures for the IRAC, MIPS, and IRS instruments are described in detail. We also derive stellar properties for the FEPS sample from available broad-band photometry and spectral types, and present an algorithm to normalize Kurucz synthetic spectra to optical and near-infrared photometry. The final FEPS data products include IRAC and MIPS photometry for each star in the FEPS sample and calibrated IRS spectra.Comment: 64 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ