Congress Shall Make No Law: The First Amendment, Unprotected Expression, and the U.S. Supreme Court

David M. O’Brien’s Congress Shall Make No Law: The First Amendment, Unprotected Expression, and the Supreme Court serves as a significant contribution to the field of First Amendment Law by offering an overview of crucial issues and, moreover, by emphasizing the outlook for the future of free speech. O’Brien’s credentials position him favorably for the task; he was a judicial fellow and research associate with the Supreme Court, he has written numerous articles and books on the Supreme Court, and he is currently the Leone Reaves and George W. Spicer Professor of Law at the University of Virginia. Considering the daunting task of compiling a succinct account and analysis of the history of free speech in the United States, Professor O’Brien does well to allow readers to better understand the complexities of free speech policy in the United States

Physical principles of local heat therapy for cancer

Local hyperthermia therapy for cancer can produce selective heating of solid tumors on the basis of known physical laws. If energy is deposited in the general region of the tumor, temperature tends to develop in the tumor higher than that in surrounding normal tissues. The goal of therapy is to achieve cytotoxic temperature elevations in the tumor for an adequate period of time, without damaging nearby normal tissues. Several modalities exist for local heat treatment, of which radiofrequency and ultrasound offer the most promise for controlled, localized heating at depth. A paucity of blood flow in the tumor compared to that in adjacent normal tissues can enhance selective tumor heating considerably. The tumor types that have reduced flow in their central regions are especially vulnerable to heat therapy, both because they can be heated more efficiently and because hypoxic and acidotic tumor tissues are more susceptible to damage by heat. This effect is more pronounced in larger tumors, which have smaller surface-to-volume ratios and so lose heat less rapidly by thermal diffusion. Selective heat treatment of larger tumor masses with low blood perfusion, therefore, is physically practical and rational therapy. Vigorous research efforts are now underway at many centers to optimize this approach

Longing

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Science Building Announcement 11/13/1962

President Harvey Rice introduces Charles Horn, President of the Olin Foundation, who spoke and announced the plans to build the new science building, on 11/13/1962. Reel #15

Use of Combined Systemic Hypothermia and Local Heat Treatment to Enhance Temperature Differences Between Tumor and Normal Tissues

The feasibility of combining local heat treatment with wholebody hypothermia in an effort to improve therapeutic gain was assessed. Superficial, non perfused phantom tumors were fashioned in eight anesthetized mongrel dogs by transplantation of the spleen from the abdomen to a subcutaneous site on the hind limb. After pretreatment of the animal with the vasodilator hydralazine (0.5 mg/kg, IV) to enhance normal tissue perfusion, the spleen implant was heated with a 2450-MHz microwave diathermy apparatus, first with the animal\u27s core body temperature in the normal range (39°C) and then after the animal had been packed in ice to reduce core temperature to 30°C. Applied power density and temperatures in both the phantom tumor and underlying muscle tissue were recorded during brief interruptions of diathermy until steady-state temperatures had been achieved. Under normothermic conditions with time-averaged applied power of 0.038 W/ml to phantom tumor and 0.014 W/ml to underlying muscle, tumor temperature rose to 45.9 ± l.8°C, while muscle temperature remained at 40.5 ± 0.7°C. During whole-body hypothermia applied power could be increased to 0.114 W/ml in phantom tumor and to 0.025 W/ml in muscle. Muscle temperature rose only to 33.8 ± l.6°C, while that of the nonperfused phantom tumor rose to 53.6 ± 4.3°C with systemic hypothermia. These results are in agreement with predictions based on the bioheat transfer equation, i.e., heat extraction from well-perfused normal tissues is greatly augmented by cooling of the arterial blood, allowing greater power input to the tumor-bearing region, higher tumor temperatures, and enhanced therapeutic gain during local heat treatments of poorly perfused tumor nodules

Theoretical Feasibility of Vasodilator-enhanced Local Tumor Heating

Normal arterioles, in contrast to the abnormal microvasculature of many solid tumors, provide a target for selective drug action that can enhance local heat treatment of the tumors. Measurements of tissue blood flow with radioactive microspheres and estimates of changes in blood flow with thermal clearance methods revealed that vasodilator drugs either decreased or did not alter blood flow in hamster melanoma, rat hepatoma, and canine transmissible venereal tumor, while increasing perfusion in adjacent normal tissues 2 to 4-fold. Solutions of the bio-heat transfer equation, which take into account such selective effects of vasodilators on blood flow in normal tissues, clearly demonstrate improved selective heating for spheroidal tumors over 2 cm in diameter. In the presence of vasodilator drug effect, steady-state center tumor temperatures of 45-50°C can be achieved by increased power input, while surrounding normal tissues remain below 42°C

Three-dimensional use of marine habitats by juvenile emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri

International audienceThe juvenile phase is poorly known in Antarctic seabirds, despite being a critical period for individual survival. To better understand the ecology of young Antarctic seabirds, we surveyed for the first time the three-dimensional habitat use of six juvenile emperor penguins during their post-natal dispersal from Terre Ade'lie, using bio-telemetric tags. The tags transmitted location and activity data for nearly 100 days on average. One individual was followed during eight months and covered 7000 km, which represents the longest continuous individual survey for the species. Studied individuals first dispersed away from Antarctica, up to 54.78S and 1250 km north of the pack-ice edge, in the Polar Frontal Zone. This highlighted a much looser association with sea ice and a greater at-sea range compared to previous knowledge on breeding adults. Juvenile penguins then moved southwards close to the extending pack-ice during autumn and winter. Over the survey duration, juveniles showed a contrasting use of marine habitats, with less mobility, less time underwater, and shallower dives (generally not over 50-100 m) in the pack ice, versus greater distances travelled, more time spent underwater, especially deeper than 100m (up to 250-300 m) in open water. We discuss hypotheses which could explain the northward exodus of juvenile emperor penguins across contrasting habitats

Perfect Fluid Quantum Anisotropic Universe: Merits and Challenges

The present paper deals with quantization of perfect fluid anisotropic cosmological models. Bianchi type V and IX models are discussed following Schutz's method of expressing fluid velocities in terms of six potentials. The wave functions are found for several examples of equations of state. In one case a complete wave packet could be formed analytically. The initial singularity of a zero proper volume can be avoided in this case, but it is plagued by the usual problem of non-unitarity of anisotropic quantum cosmological models. It is seen that a particular operator ordering alleviates this problem.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures; Accepted for publication in Gen Relativ Gravi

The Ursinus Weekly, May 8, 1975

From the cluttered desk of the U.S.G.A. President • Band finishes • B.C. to A.D. • Record review: Straight shooter - Bad Company • Letters to the editor • Parents\u27 Day plea: Donations for care • Spring Parents\u27 Day events scheduled • Track team takes fourth • Lantern elects • Placement Office active for students • Award to Noar • Telethon • Night school • How to Succeed • Suds abound in Shampoo • Baseball drops two • Girls winhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1038/thumbnail.jp

Planning in the Eighties: A Special Report

This special report on the future of planning is a direct response to the wave of self-examination now underway for planning practitioners, academics and community groups. The young decade's tides of budget slashing, regulation cutting and reorganization have led many to reassess the mission of planning, planners' identities and approaches planners use to achieve their goals. Carolina Planning has asked a number of noted practitioners and academics in various fields of planning to sketch some impressions about planning in this decade. In the following report, the contributors view recent trends in substantive areas of planning practice, discuss the roles planners may ploy and the approaches planners may be taking. One major thread running through the pieces is the need for strong planning in a period of shrinking resources. Includes the following: Community Organizing, Self-Help, and Planning in the Eighties; Environmental Planning in the Eighties; Neighborhood Planning in the Eighties; Transportation Planning in the Eighties; Public Participation in the Eighties; North Carolina's Lead Regional Organizations in the Eighties; Human Services Planning in the Eightie