Suarez resurgitur : adapting the early modern Jus Gentium in contemporary international jurisprudence : on the fourth centenary of' Francisco Suarez's De legibus

Taking its cues from Francisco Suarez's treatise De legibus (1612) and from a recent case before the International Court of Justice, this article examines the parallels between the Spanish philosopher's view of the 'jus gentium', as a law concerning both the relations between states and humanity as a whole, and contemporary trends in international jurisprudence, which reject the exclusively inter-state conception of international law that shaped its underlying philosophy and 'practice for over three centuries after the Treaty of Westphalia (1648). In the context of the gradual recognition of individuals as true subjects of international law, resulting from the rise of humanitarian and human rights law and accelerated by globalisation, Suarez's vision of a strong complementary connection between individuals and states as holders of rights and bearers of obligations may offer some useful insights and perspectives for the philosophical underpinning of future developments in international law.peer-reviewe

French military engineers in Malta during the 17th and 18th centuries

This document contains vast research on the French engineers who came to Malta in the 17th and 18th century. Those mentioned in this article are Blondel de Croisettes and Rene Jacob de Tigne, who worked in conjunction with Charles Francois de Mondion.peer-reviewe

Controle de qualidade do hipoclorito de sódio no processo de produção

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Curso de Química.O estágio supervisionado foi realizado no controle de qualidade e na produção do hipoclorito de sódio na empresa Multcloro Ltda. Industrialmente, o hipoclorito de sódio é obtido pela reação de cloro com solução de hidróxido de sódio. O produto se apresenta como solução aquosa alcalina, contendo cerca de 12 % de hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO), com coloração amarelada e odor característico. O hipoclorito de sódio tem propriedades oxidantes, branqueantes e desinfetantes, servindo para inúmeras aplicações, tais como: branqueamento de celulose e têxteis, desinfecção de água potável, tratamento de efluentes industriais, tratamento de piscinas, desinfecção hospitalar, produção de água sanitária, lavagem de frutas e legumes, além de agir como intermediário na produção de diversos produtos químicos. A qualidade do hipo é controlada através de métodos de titulação de cloro ativo e de alcalinidade (NaOH residual) em solução

A Byzantine relic in a Baroque palace : the church of Our Saviour in the Bonajuto Palace in Catania

The Bonajuto family palace incorporated in it a Byzantine Church dedicated to Our Saviour. The palace itself did not survive the 1693 earthquake which completely destroyed Catania and other towns in the South-East of Sicily. Miraculously, the Byzantine Church remained intact and it survived the rebuilding of the Catania in then new Baroque style.peer-reviewe

Normas de interpretação contratual no Brasil

Discorre sobre a atividade do intérprete do contrato, analisando as normas do Código de Defesa do Consumidor e do novo Código Civil no que se refere à interpretação contratual

The Maltese 'perit' in history

De Lucca constructs an in-depth timeline of the profession of the architect-engineer in Malta from the 16th century onward. He starts with the inception of the profession brought about by the Knights of the Order of St John and later developed and reinforced by the arrival of the British in the 18th century.peer-reviewe

Novel biosensors reveal a shift in the redox paradigm from oxidative to reductive stress in heart disease

No abstract available

Appunti sull' architettura religiosa a Malta in eta Barocca

This article describes the typical baroque architecture found in Malta during the 17th and 18th centuries. The use of this style of architecture was widespread from religious (be it churches or properties belonging to the Catholic church) to the secular (such as Palazzo's).peer-reviewe

The dissemination of Jesuit military mathematics from the Collegio Romano to the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, 1600-1750

One remarkable characteristic of the Society of Jesus in the Baroque age was the involvement of many of its learned members in the dissemination of mathematical knowledge. This was inspired by St Ignatius of Loyola's belief that any acquisition of knowledge was a spiritually profitable exercise. In the context of the scientific revolution that was shaking sixteenth-century Europe, it was understandable that many Jesuit mathematicians would emerge in the forefront of a massive promotion exercise involving mathematical education in its wider and more practical sense of the word which contrasted sharply with the narrow interpretation of the subject today. This was a 'mathematical disciplines' approach which went far beyond the time-honoured study of Euclid; it incorporated a wide range of topics which included Euclidean and analytic geometry, geometry as applied to calculus, to astronomy and to mechanics, the art of measuring, the sphere, trigonometry, logarithms, navigation, gnomonics and horology, the calendar, civil and military architecture. At the dawn of the Baroque age, the promotion of such a wide spectrum of mathematical knowledge invested the Jesuit mathematicus with great credibility which, in perfect accord with Ignatius' strategy, was considered essential to elevate the status of his invention over that of the traditional Orders. As George Sarton wrote, 'One cannot really talk about mathematics in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries without seeing a Jesuit at every corner'.'peer-reviewe

Treatment of Essential Hypertension with Emphasis in the Renin-Angiotensin System: How to Prevent Secondary Outcomes without Adding Fuel to the Fire

The effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blocker AT-1 (ARBs) in reducing the systemic hypertension (SH) is widely known. However their comparative outcomes resulting from prolonged use remain unknown. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the evidence of prospective randomized double-blind clinical trials; all the events result from prolonged use of ACEIs or ARBs in hypertensive patients. In lowering blood pressure, the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs reduces, in long-term use, the risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. However, the use of ACEIs is effective in an overall quantitative analysis; the total mortality regarding cardiovascular causes an outcome that was not observed with the use of ARBs. This fact is assumed to be related to the higher plasma concentration of bradykinin in the use of ACEIs, a well-known cardiovascular-protective factor