A novel interpretation of Service Management in the perspective of Lean Production

The culture and the operational methods of service management (SM) have become a formidable competitive weapon even for manufacturing firms. The term "service factory" has been proposed for identifying that particular integration of products and services, achieved by the excellent manufacturing firm. On the other hand, Lean Production (LP) emerged as one of the most popular topics in business and manufacturing literature. Since the cardinal work of the International Motor Vehicle Program at MIT several companies have gained superior performances by adopting the Toyota Production System. Lean production is seen as the third step in an historical progression, which took industry from the age of the craftsman through the methods of mass production and into an era that combined the best of both. Starting from the analysis of literature related to both the concept of service management and LP practices, the authors propose a novel interpretation of Service Management in the perspective of Lean Production. In the paper a matrix-based model is developed and highlights the relationships between the main practices that characterize Lean production with four distinctive features of Service Management. The model shows how the traditional characteristics of service factory underlie the functioning of Lean Production firms

Yield loss caused by Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV) on zucchini squash 'Caserta'

O ZLCV é um tospovírus encontrado com freqüência causando severos danos em cucurbitáceas. Nesse trabalho avaliaram-se os danos causados pelo ZLCV em abobrinha de moita 'Caserta', em campo na ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba-SP, onde esse vírus é freqüente. Plantas obtidas pela semeadura direta foram monitoradas periodicamente quanto à infecção pelo ZLCV por meio dos sintomas e por PTA-ELISA. Monitorou-se ainda a contaminação com Papaya ringspot virus - type W e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, desconsiderando a produção dessas plantas. As plantas foram agrupadas em função da época de aparecimento dos sintomas do ZLCV, avaliando a produção de frutos comerciais (FC) e não comerciais (FNC) de cada grupo e comparando com a de plantas que permaneceram sem sintomas até o final do experimento. As plantas que apresentaram sintomas até os 23 dias após a emergência (DAE) não produziram qualquer tipo de frutos. FC foram colhidos de plantas que apresentaram sintomas a partir dos 42 DAE. Mesmo assim, houve redução de 78,5 % na produção de FC. Plantas que mostraram sintomas por ocasião da última colheita (55 DAE) apresentaram redução na produção de FC de 9,6 %. A infecção com o ZLCV até o início da frutificação inviabiliza a produção de FC de abobrinha de moita 'Caserta'.Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV) is a tospovirus frequently associated with severe yield loss on cucurbit crops. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the damage caused by this virus on zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Caserta) under field condition. The experiment was carried out at the Campus of the College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, were ZLCV is prevalent. After germination, zucchini squash plants were periodically monitored for the presence of characteristic symptoms induced by ZLCV and PTA-ELISA for virus indexing. Infection by Papaya ringspot virus - type W and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus were also monitored by PTA-ELISA, and plants infected by these viruses were disregarded for yield evaluation. Plants were grouped based on the time the symptoms were first seen. Fruits harvested from each plant within each group were classified as marketable (M) and non-marketable (NM) based on the phenotype. Plants that did not show symptoms by the end of the crop were considered healthy and their yield was used as control. Zucchini squash plants that showed symptoms of ZLCV infection up to 23 after emergency did not yield any fruit. Marketable fruits were first harvested only from plants that showed symptoms 42 days after emergency. However, the yield of marketable fruits was reduced by 78.5 %, as compared to that from asymptomatic plants. Plants that showed symptoms 55 days after emergency showed a reduction on the yield of marketable fruit of 9.6%

Biomass, virus concentration, and symptomatology of cucurbits infected by mild and severe strains of Papaya ringspot virus

A premunização com estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) tem proporcionado o controle do mosaico em diferentes cucurbitáceas, com ganhos na produção de frutos comerciais. Neste trabalho foram comparadas as concentrações virais, severidade dos sintomas e biomassa das plantas de abobrinha-de-moita 'Caserta', de abóbora 'Menina Brasileira' e de melancia 'Crimson Sweet' infectadas com três estirpes fracas e uma estirpe severa do PRSV-W. As plantas foram inoculadas em estádio cotiledonar e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a inoculação (DAI), amostras foliares foram analisadas por PTA-ELISA para avaliar a concentração viral. A severidade dos sintomas foi avaliada por uma escala de notas de 1 a 5 e a biomassa da parte aérea das plantas foi determinada aos 40 DAI. As concentrações das estirpes fracas foram menores do que a da estirpe severa nas três espécies. As estirpes fracas não causaram sintomas de mosaico nas plantas das três espécies estudadas. A estirpe severa causou sintomas extremamente acentuados em abobrinha-de-moita e melancia e sintomas relativamente fracos em abóbora 'Menina Brasileira'. Os valores de biomassa das plantas de abobrinha-de-moita e melancia infectadas pelas estirpes fracas sofreram reduções que variaram de 1,7 % a 12,4 %, quando comparados aos das plantas sadias. Quando infectadas com a estirpe severa, as reduções na biomassa variaram de 29 % a 74 %. Os valores de biomassa da abóbora 'Menina Brasileira' infectada com as estirpes fracas e severa foram equivalentes aos das plantas sadias.Pre-immunization with mild strains of Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRWV-W) has allowed the mosaic disease to be controlled in different cucurbit species, with increases in marketable fruit yield. The objective of this study was to compare virus concentration, biomass and symptomatology of 'Caserta' zucchini squash, 'Menina Brasileira' long-neck squash and 'Crimson Sweet' watermelon plants infected by three mild strains and one severe strain of PRSV-W. Plants were inoculated at the cotyledonary stage, under greenhouse conditions, sampled at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after inoculation (DAI), and analyzed by PTA-ELISA. The severity of the symptoms was scored according to a scale from 1 to 5, and the fresh and dry biomass of the aerial part of the plants were evaluated at 40 DAI. Concentrations of the mild strains, based on absorbance values of the PTA-ELISA, were lower than the concentration of the severe strain for all species. The mild strains did not cause mosaic in infected plants of all species. Plants of zucchini squash and watermelon infected by the severe strain exhibited severe mosaic symptoms, but the same was not noticed for infected long-neck squash plants. Biomass values from zucchini squash and watermelon plants infected by the mild strains were 1.7 % to 12.4 % lower as compared to healthy plants. Biomass values of zucchini squash and watermelon plants infected by the severe strain presented greater reduction, varying from 29 % to 74 %. However, biomass values of long-neck squash plants infected by the mild and severe strains were similar for all treatments

Preliminary results of geological characterization and geochemical monitoring of Sulcis Basin (Sardinia), as a potential CCS site

The Sulcis Basin is an area situated in SW Sardinia (Italy) and is a potential site for the development of CCS in Italy. This paper illustrates the preliminary results of geological characterization of fractured carbonate reservoir (Miliolitico Fm.) and the sealing sequence, composed by clay, marl and volcanic rocks, with a total thickness of more than 900 m. To characterize the reservoircaprock system an extensive structural-geological survey at the outcrop was conducted. It was also performed a study of the geochemical monitoring, to define the baseline conditions, measuring CO2 concentrations and flux in the study site

Covalent immobilization of delipidated human serum albumin on poly(pyrrole-2-carboxylic) acid film for the impedimetric detection of perfluorooctanoic acid

The immobilization of biomolecules at screen printed electrodes for biosensing applications is still an open challenge. To enrich the toolbox of bioelectrochemists, graphite screen printed electrodes (G-SPE) were modified with an electropolymerized film of pyrrole-2-carboxilic acid (Py-2-COOH), a pyrrole derivative rich in carboxylic acid functional groups. These functionalities are suitable for the covalent immobilization of biomolecular recognition layers. The electropolymerization was first optimized to obtain stable and conductive polymeric films, comparing two different electrolytes: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium perchlorate. The G-SPE modified with Py-2-COOH in 0.1 M SDS solution showed the required properties and were further tested. A proof-of-concept study for the development of an impedimetric sensor for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was carried out using the delipidated human serum albumin (hSA) as bioreceptor. The data interpretation was supported by size exclusion chromatography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS) analysis of the bioreceptor-target complex and the preliminary results suggest the possibility to further develop this biosensing strategy for toxicological and analytical studies

Produção de variedades de Cucurbita pepo premunizadas com estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus - type W e do Zucchini yellow mosaic virus

Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are the most prevalent viruses in cucurbit crops in Brazil and responsible for frequent yield losses. Diseases caused by these viruses are difficult to control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of mild strains PRSV-W-1 and ZYMV-M on the yield of Cucurbita pepo L. cvs. Samira, Novita Plus, AF 2847, and Yasmin, under plastic greenhouse and field conditions. Plants infected with ZYMV-M and grown in a plastic greenhouse did not exhibit typical leaf symptoms or significant alterations in quantitative and qualitative fruit yield. However, when infected with PRSV-W-1, or PRSV-W-1 + ZYMV-M, the plants exhibited severe leaf mosaic symptoms and reduced fruit quality, although there were no changes in the number and mean fruit weight harvested from these plants. When these plants were infected with PRSV-W-1 and studied simultaneously in the field and plastic greenhouse, intensification of symptoms in the fruits and leaves was more pronounced under the greenhouse conditions. Quantitative yield did not change. Environmental factors seem to influence symptoms induced by PRSV-W-1.O Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) e o Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) são os vírus predominantes em culturas de cucurbitáceas no Brasil, onde geralmente causam danos significativos na produção. As doenças causadas por ambos os vírus são de difícil controle. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das estirpes fracas PRSV-W-1 e ZYMV-M na produção de abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo L. cvs. Samira, Novita Plus, AF 2847, and Yasmin) em condições de estufa plástica e de campo. Plantas infectadas com a estirpe ZYMV-M sob condições de estufa plástica não exibiram sintomas foliares típicos da doença e alterações na quantidade e qualidade dos frutos produzidos. No entanto, quando infectadas com a estirpe PRSV-W-1, ou PRSV-W-1 + ZYMV-M, as plantas mostraram sintomas severos de mosaico foliar e redução na qualidade dos frutos. Não houve alteração no número e no peso médio dos frutos colhidos dessas plantas. Quando as plantas dessas variedades foram infectadas com a estirpe PRSV-W-1 e avaliadas simultaneamente em campo e em estufa plástica, constatou-se que a intensificação de sintomas foi mais pronunciada sob condições de estufa plástica. A produção quantitativa não foi alterada. Fatores ambientais parecem ter influenciado a intensificação dos sintomas induzidos pela estirpe PRSV-W-1.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP