Influence of the addition of KCl and CaCl2 blends on the physicochemical parameters of salted meat products throughout the processing steps

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different chloride salts (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2) on the characteristics of salted meat products through the determination of moisture, pH, aw, chloride, ash levels, cooking loss, and instrumental color during the processing steps. Four salted meat treatments were elaborate using the following salts in the wet and dry salting steps: FC1: 100% NaCl; F1: 50% NaCl + 50% KCl; F2: 50% NaCl + 25% CaCl2; F3: 50% NaCl + 25% KCl + 25% CaCl2. The addition of CaCl2 led to the lowest pH and changes in aw, moisture, ash levels, and instrumental color when compared to the other treatments, which was different from the control (100% NaCl) and F1 (50% NaCl + 50% KCl), thus evidencing the great effect of CaCl2 on the characteristics of salted meat products during the whole processing. The partial replacement of NaCl by KCl and/or CaCl2 greatly increased the cooking loss of salted meat products. The replacement of NaCl by KCl promoted similar quality parameters

Plant-derived commercial extracts on meat products : study on the antioxidant activity

Orientador: Marise Aparecida Rodrigues PollonioDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: Os produtos cárneos são muito susceptíveis à oxidação lipídica, uma das principais reações de deterioração e a causa principal de sabor e odor desagradáveis, redução do valor nutricional e da vida útil, além da formação de compostos tóxicos. O consumo excessivo de produtos cárneos está relacionado com o aumento do risco de algumas doenças, tais como doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, hipertensão e obesidade e assim pesquisas vem sendo desenvolvidas para elaboração de produtos mais saudáveis, dentre os quais destacam-se aqueles com redução de aditivos sintéticos. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante de extratos comerciais derivados de plantas em matéria-prima cárnea (carne de frango mecanicamente separada - CFMS) e em produto cárneo reestruturado elaborado com diferentes matérias-primas (carne bovina, suína, de frango e CFMS). As concentrações dos extratos naturais foram de 0,125, 0,25, 0,5 e 1,0%, m/m. Os extratos foram caracterizados quanto ao teor de compostos fenólicos, flavonóides totais, atividade antioxidante ORAC, DPPH e ABTS. A oxidação lipídica foi avaliada pela análise de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS. A matéria-prima cárnea foi avaliada crua em ambiente refrigerado (4 °C) nos dias 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 e o produto cárneo foi avaliado cozido refrigerado (4 °C) nos dias 0, 3 e 6 e cru congelado (-18 °C) nos dias 0, 30 e 60 de vida útil. Quando caracterizados, todos os extratos naturais apresentaram atividade antioxidante, com destaque para os extratos de semente de uva e chá verde. Na CFMS todos os extratos apresentaram potencial antioxidante, sendo que o extrato de romã foi o menos efetivo e assim não foi aplicado no produto cárneo. O extrato de chá verde foi o mais efetivo contra a oxidação nos hambúrgueres cozidos e crus. No entanto os extratos de semente de uva, alecrim e mate também aumentaram a vida útil dos hambúrgueres cozidos. Nos hambúrgueres congelados a vida útil foi aumentada pelos extratos de semente de uva e alecrim. Os extratos naturais apresentaram maior potencial antioxidante nos hambúrgueres quando comparados com o antioxidante sintético BHT. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que extratos comerciais derivados de plantas podem ser utilizados como antioxidantes naturais em produtos cárneos, no entanto, estudos sensoriais tornam-se necessários para viabilizar sua adição. Com relação à oxidação lipídica, é possível a utilização de extratos comerciais derivados de plantas em produtos cárneos, melhorando a sua qualidade nutricionalAbstract: Meat products are very susceptible to lipid oxidation, a major degradation reaction and primary cause of off-flavors, reduction in the nutritional value and shelf life, and formation of toxic compounds. Increased consumption of meat products has been associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension and obesity. Therefore, several studies have focused on the manufacture of healthier products, among which the products with less synthetic additives have stood out. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of plant-derived commercial extracts on meat raw materials (mechanically separated poultry - MSP) and restructured meat product made with different raw materials (beef or pork or chicken or MSP). The natural extracts concentrations were 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% w / w. The extracts were characterized for phenolics content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity using ORAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Lipid oxidation was evaluated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS. The chilled (4 °C) fresh raw material was evaluated at days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, while the cooked product (4 °C) was evaluated at days 0, 3, and 6, and the fresh frozen product (-18 °C) was evaluated at days 0, 30 and 60 of storage. All natural extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, especially the grape seed and green tea extracts. In the MSP, all extracts presented antioxidant potential, and the pomegranate extract was less effective and therefore has not been used in the product formulation. The green tea extract was the most effective against oxidation in cooked and raw burgers. However, the grape seed, rosemary, and mate extracts also increased shelf life of the cooked burgers. With respect to the frozen hamburgers, the shelf life was also increased by grape seed and rosemary extracts. A higher antioxidant potential of the natural extracts was observed when compared to the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The results suggest that despite commercial plant-derived extracts can be used as natural antioxidants in meat products, sensory studies are necessary to enable their addition. With regard to lipid oxidation, it is possible to use commercial plant-derived extracts in meat products, improving nutritional qualityMestradoTecnologia de AlimentosMestra em Tecnologia de Alimento

Using emulsion gels made with sonicated soy protein isolate dispersions to replace fat in frankfurters

Emulsion gels (EG) prepared with soybean oil, sonicated and non-sonicated soy protein isolate dispersions, carrageenan, and inulin were used as animal fat replacers in frankfurters. The effect of total replacement of pork back fat with EG on frankfurters nutritional, technological, rheological, and sensorial properties was evaluated. A formulation with simple pork back fat reduction was prepared (CRF). Reformulated frankfurters can be labeled as a good source of fiber and high in unsaturated lipids. Samples with EGs added were less red and lighter. Frankfurters formulated with sonicated SPI dispersions presented the same hardness of traditional ones while CRF samples were the softer. During heating, no statistical difference was found in final G' and G" values among reformulated and traditional frankfurters. Sensory scores showed that reformulated frankfurters had lower acceptability than control. Considering the improvement in nutritional and technological properties of frankfurters, the use of EG to replace fat in this product is a viable strategy to make them healthier99453459COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP88881.135401/2016-012016/19967-7This research was supported by the CAPES (process number 88881.135401/2016–01), FAPESP (process number 2016/19967-7) and Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, and approved as journal paper number #9048. Authors would like to thank Roberta Claro and Thais Silva for their helping in the frankfurters processin

Equilibrium isotherms and isosteric heat of pepper variety bico (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

During processing, the storage requires attention, since the moisture content is a major factor that influences the quality of raw materials and manufactured products. Equilibrium isotherm represents the relationship between the material moisture content and water activity for a given temperature, providing important information for use in industrial operations such as drying and storage. This study aimed to determine the equilibrium isotherms of peppers variety bico (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in whole and paste forms, calculate the isosteric heat of desorption and determine its behavior. To this end, we used six mathematical models to fit experimental data of desorption isotherms. The GAB model fitted well the experimental desorption data of pepper variety bico, in paste and whole forms. The isosteric heat obtained for the whole form was higher than for the paste form.

Characterization of baru nut (Dipteryx alata Vog) flour and its application in reduced-fat cupcakes

Baru is a native specie from the Brazilian "cerrado" with interesting nutritional and sensory characteristics. The aim of our study was to characterize baru nut flour (BF) and to explore the possibility of producing reduced-fat baru cupcakes. Four different cupcake formulations were produced wheat flour (WF) containing 30% BF with reductions of 50 (F1), 75 (F2) and 100% (F3) margarine, compared to a control with 100% WF and 100% margarine (FC). BF showed 2.76% moisture, 19.2% proteins, 40.8% lipids, 3.05% ash and 18.51% dietary fiber. The substitution of wheat flour with 30% BF increased the mixing tolerance index and resistance to extension in the rheological analyses; however, these changes did not greatly influence cupcake quality. Firmness was the parameter most affected during shelf life, with statistically significant differences between the formulations. The cupcakes prepared with the blend of 70% WF + 30% BF and with fat reductions (F2 and F3) can be considered "light", with the reduction of more than 30% margarine and a significant reduction of trans fatty acids. In the sensory analysis, formulation F2 obtained good acceptance scores.551164172CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQSem informaçã

Equilibrium isotherms and isosteric heat of pepper variety bico (capsicum Chinense Jacq.)

During processing, the storage requires attention, since the moisture content is a major factor that influences the quality of raw materials and manufactured products. Equilibrium isotherm represents the relationship between the material moisture content and water activity for a given temperature, providing important information for use in industrial operations such as drying and storage. This study aimed to determine the equilibrium isotherms of peppers variety bico (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in whole and paste forms, calculate the isosteric heat of desorption and determine its behavior. To this end, we used six mathematical models to fit experimental data of desorption isotherms. The GAB model fitted well the experimental desorption data of pepper variety bico, in paste and whole forms. The isosteric heat obtained for the whole form was higher than for the paste form371123131FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO - FAPEMA

Influence of the addition of KCl and CaCl2 blends on the physicochemical parameters of salted meat products throughout the processing steps

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different chloride salts (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2) on the characteristics of salted meat products through the determination of moisture, pH, aw, chloride, ash levels, cooking loss, and instrumental color during the processing steps. Four salted meat treatments were elaborate using the following salts in the wet and dry salting steps: FC1: 100% NaCl; F1: 50% NaCl + 50% KCl; F2: 50% NaCl + 25% CaCl2; F3: 50% NaCl + 25% KCl + 25% CaCl2. The addition of CaCl2 led to the lowest pH and changes in aw, moisture, ash levels, and instrumental color when compared to the other treatments, which was different from the control (100% NaCl) and F1 (50% NaCl + 50% KCl), thus evidencing the great effect of CaCl2 on the characteristics of salted meat products during the whole processing. The partial replacement of NaCl by KCl and/or CaCl2 greatly increased the cooking loss of salted meat products. The replacement of NaCl by KCl promoted similar quality parameters.40366567