Social-Economic Impacts of the Marine Shrimp Culture in Selected Brazilian Cities

The impact of farmed shrimp on the economy of ten municipalities are analyzed. A model of the municipal economy is developed and input-output tables are used to estimate indirect and induced impacts on job, income and municipal finances. It is concluded that farmed shrimp has a sizable contribution to job increases, in particular formal employment. Indirect and induced impacts are reduced because of spillovers to larger municipalities and other states. Income impacts can be sizable in particular in small counties. In general, the generated income represents a large share of total municipal product. In relation to municipal finance, direct contribution is rather small but indirect, through product increases and mainly transferences from State and Country taxes may be substantial. In conclusion, shrimp farms in the selected municipalities, contributes to expand and stabilize employment, to expand income and product, to increase municipal finances and to improve life conditions.Farmed Shrimp, Job, Income, Municipal Level Impacts, Direct Indirect and Induced Impacts, Tax Impacts, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q10, Q22, R0,

Adaptive interference suppression for DS-CDMA systems based on interpolated FIR filters with adaptive interpolators in multipath channels

In this work we propose an adaptive linear receiver structure based on interpolated finite impulse response (FIR) filters with adaptive interpolators for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems in multipath channels. The interpolated minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) and the interpolated constrained minimum variance (CMV) solutions are described for a novel scheme where the interpolator is rendered time-varying in order to mitigate multiple access interference (MAI) and multiple-path propagation effects. Based upon the interpolated MMSE and CMV solutions we present computationally efficient stochastic gradient (SG) and exponentially weighted recursive least squares type (RLS) algorithms for both receiver and interpolator filters in the supervised and blind modes of operation. A convergence analysis of the algorithms and a discussion of the convergence properties of the method are carried out for both modes of operation. Simulation experiments for a downlink scenario show that the proposed structures achieve a superior BER convergence and steady-state performance to previously reported reduced-rank receivers at lower complexity

Minimum mean-squared error iterative successive parallel arbitrated decision feedback detectors for DS-CDMA systems

In this paper we propose minimum mean squared error (MMSE) iterative successive parallel arbitrated decision feedback (DF) receivers for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems. We describe the MMSE design criterion for DF multiuser detectors along with successive, parallel and iterative interference cancellation structures. A novel efficient DF structure that employs successive cancellation with parallel arbitrated branches and a near-optimal low complexity user ordering algorithm are presented. The proposed DF receiver structure and the ordering algorithm are then combined with iterative cascaded DF stages for mitigating the deleterious effects of error propagation for convolutionally encoded systems with both Viterbi and turbo decoding as well as for uncoded schemes. We mathematically study the relations between the MMSE achieved by the analyzed DF structures, including the novel scheme, with imperfect and perfect feedback. Simulation results for an uplink scenario assess the new iterative DF detectors against linear receivers and evaluate the effects of error propagation of the new cancellation methods against existing ones

Reading literature today: a study of E. M. Forster s and George Orwell s fiction

Tese de doutoramento em Estudos de Cultura (Cultura Inglesa), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Letras, 200