Comments on Anomaly Cancellations by Pole Subtractions and Ghost Instabilities with Gravity

We investigate some aspects of anomaly cancellation realized by the subtraction of an anomaly pole, stressing on some of its properties in superspace. In a local formulation these subtractions can be described in terms of a physical scalar, an axion and related ghosts. They appear to be necessary for the unitarization of the theory in the ultraviolet, but they may generate an infrared instability of the corresponding effective action, signalled by ghost condensation. In particular the subtraction of the superanomaly multiplet by a pole in superspace is of dubious significance, due to the different nature of the chiral and conformal anomalies. In turn, this may set more stringent constraints on the coupling of supersymmetric theories to gravity.Comment: 18 pages. Revised version. To appear in "Classical and Quantum Gravity

A Bit-String Model for Biological Aging

We present a simple model for biological aging. We studied it through computer simulations and we have found this model to reflect some features of real populations.Comment: LaTeX file, 4 PS figures include

Ecosystem respiration: Drivers of daily variability and background respiration in lakes around the globe

We assembled data from a global network of automated lake observatories to test hypotheses regarding the drivers of ecosystem metabolism. We estimated daily rates of respiration and gross primary production (GPP) for up to a full year in each lake, via maximum likelihood fits of a free‐water metabolism model to continuous high‐frequency measurements of dissolved oxygen concentrations. Uncertainties were determined by a bootstrap analysis, allowing lake‐days with poorly constrained rate estimates to be down‐weighted in subsequent analyses. GPP and respiration varied considerably among lakes and at seasonal and daily timescales. Mean annual GPP and respiration ranged from 0.1 to 5.0 mg O2 L−1 d−1 and were positively related to total phosphorus but not dissolved organic carbon concentration. Within lakes, significant day‐to‐day differences in respiration were common despite large uncertainties in estimated rates on some lake‐days. Daily variation in GPP explained 5% to 85% of the daily variation in respiration after temperature correction. Respiration was tightly coupled to GPP at a daily scale in oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes, and more weakly coupled in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes. Background respiration ranged from 0.017 to 2.1 mg O2 L−1 d−1 and was positively related to indicators of recalcitrant allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter loads, but was not clearly related to an indicator of the quality of allochthonous organic matter inputs

A Comparison of Exclusion and Trial-and-Error Procedures: Primary and Secondary Effects

Results of a study that compared exclusion and trial-and-error procedures in children with intellectual disabilities

Entanglement and localization in long-range quadratic Lindbladians

Existence of Anderson localization is considered a manifestation of coherence of classical and quantum waves in disordered systems. Signatures of localization have been observed in condensed matter and cold atomic systems where the coupling to the environment can be significantly suppressed but not eliminated. In this work we explore the phenomena of localization in random Lindbladian dynamics describing open quantum systems. We propose a model of one-dimensional chain of non-interacting, spinless fermions coupled to a local ensemble of baths. The jump operator mediating the interaction with the bath linked to each site has a power-law tail with an exponent $p$. We show that the steady state of the system undergoes a localization entanglement phase transition by tuning $p$ which remains stable in the presence of coherent hopping. Unlike the entanglement transition in the quantum trajectories of open systems, this transition is exhibited by the averaged steady state density matrix of the Lindbladian. The steady state in the localized phase is characterised by a heterogeneity in local population imbalance, while the jump operators exhibit a constant participation ratio of the sites they affect. Our work provides a novel realisation of localization physics in open quantum systems.Comment: 12 pages and 13 figure

Editorial: Congenital and perinatal infections: How to prevent sequelaes in neonates and children

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has overwhelmingly absorbed attention and health resources for 2 years, allowing us to reflect that infections are a permanent health and social problem, causing morbidity and mortality. They require organization, important prevention measures, and containment. This is particularly true in the neonatal age, where infections remain a complex problem with serious consequences

Observation and theoretical description of the pure Fano-effect in the valence-band photo-emission of ferromagnets

The pure Fano-effect in angle-integrated valence-band photo-emission of ferromagnets has been observed for the first time. A contribution of the intrinsic spin polarization to the spin polarization of the photo-electrons has been avoided by an appropriate choice of the experimental parameters. The theoretical description of the resulting spectra reveals a complete analogy to the Fano-effect observed before for paramagnetic transition metals. While the theoretical photo-current and spin difference spectra are found in good quantitative agreement with experiment in the case of Fe and Co only a qualitative agreement could be achieved in the case of Ni by calculations on the basis of plain local spin density approximation (LSDA). Agreement with experimental data could be improved in this case in a very substantial way by a treatment of correlation effects on the basis of dynamical mean field theory (DMFT).Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures accepted by PR

ANÁLISE COMPORTAMENTAL DA APRENDIZAGEM DE LEITURA E ESCRITA

This article presents the conceptual approach of behavior analysis applied to reading and spelling. It covers the heorethical view of reading and spelling in terms of stimulus control over verbal behavior and equivalence relations. he work also makes a review (not intending to be exhaustive) of research on reading and spelling based on this approach.Key-words: behavioral analysis, verbal behavior, reading, spellingEste artigo apresenta uma revisão da aprendizagem de leitura e escrita de acordo com a abordagem da Análise o Comportamento. O artigo trata da análise conceitual da leitura e escrita em termos de controle de estímulos sobre  comportamento verbal e de redes de relações de equivalência. O trabalho faz também uma revisão, sem pretender xaurir o assunto, de pesquisas sobre leitura e escrita com base nesta abordagem.Palavras-chave: análise do comportamento, comportamento verbal, leitura, escrit