High-precision acoustic helium signatures in 18 low-mass low-luminosity red giants. Analysis from more than four years of Kepler observations

High-precision frequencies of acoustic modes in red giant stars are now available thanks to the long observing length and high-quality of the light curves provided by the NASA Kepler mission, thus allowing to probe the interior of evolved cool low-mass stars with unprecedented level of detail. We characterize the acoustic signature of the helium second ionization zone in a sample of 18 low-mass low-luminosity red giants by exploiting new mode frequency measurements derived from more than four years of Kepler observations. We analyze the second frequency differences of radial acoustic modes in all the stars of the sample by using the Bayesian code Diamonds. We find clear acoustic glitches due to the signature of helium second ionization in all the stars of the sample. We measure the acoustic depth and the characteristic width of the acoustic glitches with a precision level on average around $\sim$2% and $\sim$8%, respectively. We find good agreement with theoretical predictions and existing measurements from the literature. Lastly, we derive the amplitude of the glitch signal at $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ for the second differences and for the frequencies with an average precision of $\sim$6%, obtaining values in the range 0.14-0.24 $\mu$Hz, and 0.08-0.33 $\mu$Hz, respectively, which can be used to investigate the helium abundance in the stars.Comment: 12 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in A&

Bayesian peak bagging analysis of 19 low-mass low-luminosity red giants observed with Kepler

The currently available Kepler light curves contain an outstanding amount of information but a detailed analysis of the individual oscillation modes in the observed power spectra, also known as peak bagging, is computationally demanding and challenging to perform on a large number of targets. Our intent is to perform for the first time a peak bagging analysis on a sample of 19 low-mass low-luminosity red giants observed by Kepler for more than four years. This allows us to provide high-quality asteroseismic measurements that can be exploited for an intensive testing of the physics used in stellar structure models, stellar evolution and pulsation codes, as well as for refining existing asteroseismic scaling relations in the red giant branch regime. For this purpose, powerful and sophisticated analysis tools are needed. We exploit the Bayesian code Diamonds, using an efficient nested sampling Monte Carlo algorithm, to perform both a fast fitting of the individual oscillation modes and a peak detection test based on the Bayesian evidence. We find good agreement for the parameters estimated in the background fitting phase with those given in the literature. We extract and characterize a total of 1618 oscillation modes, providing the largest set of detailed asteroseismic mode measurements ever published. We report on the evidence of a change in regime observed in the relation between linewidths and effective temperatures of the stars occurring at the bottom of the RGB. We show the presence of a linewidth depression or plateau around $\nu_\mathrm{max}$ for all the red giants of the sample. Lastly, we show a good agreement between our measurements of maximum mode amplitudes and existing maximum amplitudes from global analyses provided in the literature, useful as empirical tools to improve and simplify the future peak bagging analysis on a larger sample of evolved stars.Comment: 78 pages, 46 figures, 22 tables. Accepted for publication in A&

Far-field scattering microscopy applied to analysis of slow light, power enhancement, and delay times in uniform Bragg waveguide gratings

A novel method is presented for determining the group index, intensity enhancement and delay times for waveguide gratings, based on (Rayleigh) scattering observations. This far-field scattering microscopy (FScM) method is compared with the phase shift method and a method that uses the transmission spectrum to quantify the slow wave properties. We find a minimum group velocity of 0.04c and a maximum intensity enhancement of ~14.5 for a 1000-period grating and a maximum group delay of ~80 ps for a 2000-period grating. Furthermore, we show that the FScM method can be used for both displaying the intensity distribution of the Bloch resonances and for investigating out of plane losses. Finally, an application is discussed for the slow-wave grating as index sensor able to detect a minimum cladding index change of $10^{-8}$, assuming a transmission detection limit of $10^{-4}$

Antenna subtraction with massive fermions at NNLO: Double real initial-final configurations

We derive the integrated forms of specific initial-final tree-level four-parton antenna functions involving a massless initial-state parton and a massive final-state fermion as hard radiators. These antennae are needed in the subtraction terms required to evaluate the double real corrections to $t\bar{t}$ hadronic production at the NNLO level stemming from the partonic processes $q\bar{q}\to t\bar{t}q'\bar{q}'$ and $gg\to t\bar{t}q\bar{q}$.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure, 1 Mathematica file attache

NNLO QCD corrections to event shape variables in electron positron annihilation

Precision studies of QCD at electron-positron colliders are based on measurements of event shapes and jet rates. To match the high experimental accuracy, theoretical predictions to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD are needed for a reliable interpretation of the data. We report the first calculation of NNLO corrections O(alpha_s^3) to three-jet production and related event shapes, and discuss their phenomenological impact.Comment: Contributed to 2007 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Manchester, England 19-25 July 200

Two-Loop Planar Corrections to Heavy-Quark Pair Production in the Quark-Antiquark Channel

We evaluate the planar two-loop QCD diagrams contributing to the leading color coefficient of the heavy-quark pair production cross section, in the quark-antiquark annihilation channel. We obtain the leading color coefficient in an analytic form, in terms of one- and two-dimensional harmonic polylogarithms of maximal weight 4. The result is valid for arbitrary values of the Mandelstam invariants s and t, and of the heavy-quark mass m. Our findings agree with previous analytic results in the small-mass limit and numerical results for the exact amplitude.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figures. Version accepted by JHE