Conservação e o Uso Sustentável dos Aquíferos Costeiros da Bacia Hidrográfica da Ribeira Seca – Cabo Verde - Definição e Estratégias de Intervenção

A República de Cabo Verde é uma nação insular, situada à 500km da costa Ocidental da África. Composta por 10 ilhas de origem vulcânicas, pertencentes a zona climática Saheliana árida, onde a precipitação anual é muito limitada e a estação das chuvas vai de Agosto a Outubro. Os aquíferos costeiros constituem um recurso importante de água doce cuja qualidade tem vindo a deteriorar devido ao incremento das necessidades de água, consequência directa do aumento demográfico, industrial e agrícola que se verifica nas zonas litorais. A exploração intensiva e prolongada em captações muito próximas do mar, onde não existe uma fonte de compensação destas extracções por recarga natural ou artificial do aquífero, pode provocar o avanço da interface água doce – água salgada no sentido dos furos e a sua posterior contaminação. O aumento de volume de água doce nos aquíferos consegue-se adoptando regras que controlem a extracção, planeando correctamente os locais de descarga dos sistemas de drenagens e tratamento de águas pluviais e residuais, promovendo políticas para a utilização racional da água, incrementando a recarga com água de superfície e implementando medidas que façam diminuir o volume de água salgada/salobra no aquífero. A área do estudo é a parte jusante da bacia hidrográfica de Ribeira Seca, situada na parte nordeste da ilha de Santiago (maior ilha da nação). De acordo com o Censo 2000, a população da bacia é estimada em 14.343 habitantes e está dividida em três sub-bacias Ribeira de Montanha, Ribeira de Mendes Faleiro Cabral e Ribeira Seca, perfazendo uma superfície total de 71,5Km2. Este trabalho pretende identificar o problema da sobre exploração de aquíferos costeiros, da contaminação das águas subterrâneas e propor estratégias de forma integrada visando a prevenção e controlo da poluição salina, problema que afecta principalmente a parte jusante da bacia devido principalmente a exploração dos aquíferos em quantidades superiores a [email protected] [email protected]

Search for nonpointing and delayed photons in the diphoton and missing transverse momentum final state in 8 TeV pppp collisions at the LHC using the ATLAS detector

A search has been performed, using the full 20.3  fb-1 data sample of 8 TeV proton-proton collisions collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, for photons originating from a displaced vertex due to the decay of a neutral long-lived particle into a photon and an invisible particle. The analysis investigates the diphoton plus missing transverse momentum final state, and is therefore most sensitive to pair production of long-lived particles. The analysis technique exploits the capabilities of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter to make precise measurements of the flight direction, as well as the time of flight, of photons. No excess is observed over the Standard Model predictions for background. Exclusion limits are set within the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models, with the lightest neutralino being the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle and decaying into a photon and gravitino with a lifetime in the range from 250 ps to about 100 ns.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of the dependence of transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity on the hard-scattering kinematics of proton-proton collisions at s=2.76\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV with ATLAS

The relationship between jet production in the central region and the underlying-event activity in a pseudorapidity-separated region is studied in 4.0 pb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV $pp$ collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The underlying event is characterised through measurements of the average value of the sum of the transverse energy at large pseudorapidity downstream of one of the protons, which are reported here as a function of hard-scattering kinematic variables. The hard scattering is characterised by the average transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the two highest transverse momentum jets in the event. The dijet kinematics are used to estimate, on an event-by-event basis, the scaled longitudinal momenta of the hard-scattered partons in the target and projectile beam-protons moving toward and away from the region measuring transverse energy, respectively. Transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity is observed to decrease with a linear dependence on the longitudinal momentum fraction in the target proton and to depend only weakly on that in the projectile proton. The results are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which qualitatively reproduce the trends observed in data but generally underpredict the overall level of transverse energy at forward pseudorapidity.Peer Reviewe

Search for dark matter in events with heavy quarks and missing transverse momentum in pppp collisions with the ATLAS detector

This article reports on a search for dark matter pair production in association with bottom or top quarks in $20.3 \mathrm {~fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected at $\sqrt{s} = 8$  TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events with large missing transverse momentum are selected when produced in association with high-momentum jets of which one or more are identified as jets containing $b$ -quarks. Final states with top quarks are selected by requiring a high jet multiplicity and in some cases a single lepton. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations and limits are set on the mass scale of effective field theories that describe scalar and tensor interactions between dark matter and Standard Model particles. Limits on the dark-matter–nucleon cross-section for spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions are also provided. These limits are particularly strong for low-mass dark matter. Using a simplified model, constraints are set on the mass of dark matter and of a coloured mediator suitable to explain a possible signal of annihilating dark matter.Peer Reviewe

Reconstruction of hadronic decay products of tau leptons with the ATLAS experiment

This paper presents a new method of reconstructing the individual charged and neutral hadrons in tau decays with the ATLAS detector. The reconstructed hadrons are used to classify the decay mode and to calculate the visible four-momentum of reconstructed tau candidates, significantly improving the resolution with respect to the calibration in the existing tau reconstruction. The performance of the reconstruction algorithm is optimised and evaluated using simulation and validated using samples of $Z\rightarrow \tau \tau$ and $Z(\rightarrow \mu \mu )$ +jets events selected from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=8\,\text {TeV}$ , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5  $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ .Peer Reviewe

Measurement of the production cross-section of a single top quark in association with a WW boson at 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

The cross-section for the production of a single top quark in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8\mathrm{T}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ is measured. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{−1}$, collected by the ATLAS detector in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Events containing two leptons and one central b-jet are selected. The W t signal is separated from the backgrounds using boosted decision trees, each of which combines a number of discriminating variables into one classifier. Production of W t events is observed with a significance of 7.7σ. The cross-section is extracted in a profile likelihood fit to the classifier output distributions. The W t cross-section, inclusive of decay modes, is measured to be 23.0 ± 1.3(stat.)$_{− 3.5}^{+ 3.2}$ (syst.)±1.1(lumi.) pb. The measured cross-section is used to extract a value for the CKM matrix element |V$_{tb}$ | of 1.01 ± 0.10 and a lower limit of 0.80 at the 95% confidence level. The cross-section for the production of a top quark and a W boson is also measured in a fiducial acceptance requiring two leptons with p$_{T}$ > 25 GeV and |η| 20 GeV and |η|  20 GeV, including both W t and top-quark pair events as signal. The measured value of the fiducial cross-section is 0.85 ± 0.01(stat.)$_{− 0.07}^{+ 0.07}$ (syst.)±0.03(lumi.) pb.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of the correlation between flow harmonics of different order in lead-lead collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Correlations between the elliptic or triangular flow coefficients vm (m=2 or 3) and other flow harmonics vn (n=2 to 5) are measured using sNN=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collision data collected in 2010 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7 μb−1. The vm-vn correlations are measured in midrapidity as a function of centrality, and, for events within the same centrality interval, as a function of event ellipticity or triangularity defined in a forward rapidity region. For events within the same centrality interval, v3 is found to be anticorrelated with v2 and this anticorrelation is consistent with similar anticorrelations between the corresponding eccentricities, ε2 and ε3. However, it is observed that v4 increases strongly with v2, and v5 increases strongly with both v2 and v3. The trend and strength of the vm-vn correlations for n=4 and 5 are found to disagree with εm-εn correlations predicted by initial-geometry models. Instead, these correlations are found to be consistent with the combined effects of a linear contribution to vn and a nonlinear term that is a function of v22 or of v2v3, as predicted by hydrodynamic models. A simple two-component fit is used to separate these two contributions. The extracted linear and nonlinear contributions to v4 and v5 are found to be consistent with previously measured event-plane correlations.Peer Reviewe

Combination of searches for WWWW, WZWZ, and ZZZZ resonances in pppp collisions at s=8\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider has performed searches for new, heavy bosons decaying to WW , WZ and ZZ final states in multiple decay channels using 20.3 fb−1 of pp collision data at s=8 TeV . In the current study, the results of these searches are combined to provide a more stringent test of models predicting heavy resonances with couplings to vector bosons. Direct searches for a charged diboson resonance decaying to WZ in the ℓνℓ′ℓ′ ( ℓ=μ,e ), ℓℓqq¯ , ℓνqq¯ and fully hadronic final states are combined and upper limits on the rate of production times branching ratio to the WZ bosons are compared with predictions of an extended gauge model with a heavy W′ boson. In addition, direct searches for a neutral diboson resonance decaying to WW and ZZ in the ℓℓqq¯ , ℓνqq¯ , and fully hadronic final states are combined and upper limits on the rate of production times branching ratio to the WW and ZZ bosons are compared with predictions for a heavy, spin-2 graviton in an extended Randall–Sundrum model where the Standard Model fields are allowed to propagate in the bulk of the extra dimension.Peer Reviewe