O desenvolvimento pesqueiro mundial, a variabilidade dos recursos e a gestão

FAO regularly releases studies on the state of fish resources exploitation (The state of world fisheries and aquaculture)and the development of fisheries by geographic areas. The 1983 and 1985 editions provided interesting discussions on fisheries development trends in the world: the majority of sea-facing countries adopted legislation that extends the national jurisdiction on the waters off their coasts (usually indicated within 200 miles) and establishes exclusive economic zones (EEZs). The huge fluctuations in the abundance of some fish stocks are obstacles to fisheries development. This issue, as well as the need to improve research activities and management of fish stocks is also analyzed in this work. The author highlighted the situation of fisheries in the Western Indian Ocean, with particular attention to tuna fisheries and to inland water resources of Mozambique

Growth of the buccaneer anchovy Encrasicholina punctifer off Mozambique, based on samples collected in research surveys

Growth of Encrasicholina punctifer (Engraulididae) is estimated, based on samples obtained during five surveys on Sofala Bank (central Mozambique). The estimated values of the von Bertalanffy growth function, TL∞=12 cm and K=2.0 yearˉ¹ are compared with results of growth studies elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific region, based mainly on the index Φ=log(sub)10 K+2*log(sub)10L∞ assumed to be constant within species. This comparison is rendered difficult by the uncertain taxonomical status of stolephorid anchovies

Interações comunicativas entre uma educadora e crianças abrangidas pela intervenção precoce na infância: uma proposta de intervenção educacional

Sendo a ação educativa eminentemente um ato de comunicação, dado que implica formas de interação, fundamentalmente, do âmbito interpessoal, é pertinente o estudo do processo de comunicação, como interação social, para um melhor conhecimento e intervenção ao nível educativo. Este estudo compreende as interações comunicativas entre uma educadora e duas crianças, abrangidas pela Intervenção Precoce na Infância, do ponto de vista da intervenção educacional, no contexto natural das crianças. A fundamentação teórica abrange a Intervenção Precoce na Infância, em termos do seu enquadramento legal e suporte teórico, o qual defende a abordagem holística, baseada nos contextos em que a criança interage, e o processo de comunicação sob o ponto de vista da interação social, nomeadamente, em contextos educativos. O presente estudo assume uma natureza descritiva e interpretativa, incidindo na análise das interações verbais, num contexto de intervenção individualizada, entre a educadora/investigadora em Intervenção Precoce na Infância e duas crianças em contexto de domicílio, e integra uma análise reflexiva, num contexto colaborativo, entre a educadora/investigadora e o professor/orientador desta dissertação. A recolha de dados envolveu a gravação em vídeo das sessões com as crianças e em áudio das sessões colaborativas entre a investigadora e o orientador. A análise de conteúdo compreende a recolha das interações mais significativas e a sua análise através da descrição e reflexão tendo presente o enquadramento teórico. Conclui-se nestes casos que os resultados remetem para a importância do educador na construção das interações com as crianças, nomeadamente, na escuta destas, estimulando a discussão e a linguagem argumentativa, e na gestão do tempo necessário para cada criança resolver os problemas. Observa-se ainda que o tipo de atividades desenvolvidas com as crianças assumiu um relevante papel na interação comunicativa entre estas e a educadora

Outros recursos marinhos

The paper describes marine fish resources living in Mozambican waters. Resource data on distribution areas, reproduction, age, growth and stock size are described. Actual price of the commercially exploited stocks are also given. The problems involving the assessment of catch areas are discussed

A Method to Discriminate Species From Hydroacoustic Fish Sampling Systems.

Samples of species and size composition obtained by trawling were matched with the corresponding echo-distributions from two hydroacoustic and trawl surveys in the western Indian Ocean, off Mozambique, and in two surveys in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In the Mozambique surveys, a Simrad EY-M echosounder was used and the data was analyzed by applying the Craig & Forbes algorithm. In the Gulf of Mexico surveys, a BioSonics Dual-beam System (Model 102 echosounder, ESP echo-integrator, and ESP dual-beam processor) was used. The results obtained show that, provided that a particular hydroacoustic and trawl sample yielded a stable size-distribution of the fish species present in the area and a stable TS-distribution of individual echoes, the match of the mean values of normal components of each distribution is achieved. The match was sought by calculating the beta coefficient from the simplified Love\u27s equation (TS = 20 x log10 Length -- beta) and comparing the obtained value with published results for similar species. A number of individual matches for the same species was then used to estimate the equations relating fish size and target strength for individual species in these multispecies ecosystems. This was achieved by testing the fit of the individual data pairs to linear regression models, both in the form of the simplified Love\u27s equation, through a restricted regression with slope = 20, and on its generalized form (TS = m x log10 Length -- beta.) The models produced for the different species were also tested for differences among them and were found to be significantly different. Equations relating target strength and fish size were adopted as representative for three species from the northern Gulf of Mexico, the round herring, Etrumeus teres, the Gulf butterfish, Peprilus burti, and the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, and for one species from the western Indian Ocean, the Indian pellona, Pellona ditchella . In addition, one observation on the relationship between target strength and length of the round herring from Mozambique was found to fit the model adopted for the same species in the Gulf of Mexico

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationSoon after viruses enter the cell, they encounter host innate and adaptive immune responses that must be evaded. Restriction factors are proteins from the host innate immune response that impair the establishment of viral infection. Primate lentiviruses encode "accessory" proteins, which are not required for viral replication but essential to counteract host restriction factors. The primate lentivirus accessory proteins are Nef, Vif, Vpu, Vpr, and Vpx. The main mechanism used by these proteins to counteract restriction factors is the manipulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system. While Vpu usurps Cul1, Vpr and Vpx hijack Cul4A by associating with DCAF1. Through interaction with DCAF1, Vpx degrades SAMHD1, a protein that impairs viral reverse transcription in myeloid cell lineages. Vpr, on the other hand, induces poly-ubiquitination of Mus81 to activate the endonuclease complex SLX4com. SLX4com activation was suggested to induce cell cycle arrest in G2/M. SIVagm Vpr is homologous to HIV-1 Vpr in sequence and structure, but these two proteins have important functional differences. Unlike HIV-1 Vpr, SIVagm Vpr degrades SAMHD1 and induces G2 arrest but in a species-specific manner. In this work, we generated chimeric proteins between HIV-1 Vpr and SIVagm Vpr, in order to understand the structure-function relationships in these proteins. We showed a de novo ability to arrest cell cycle in human cells when iv the C-terminus of HIV-1 Vpr was grafted onto SIVagm Vpr. Using point mutants of HIV-1 Vpr, we were able to uncouple degradation of Mus81 from cell cycle arrest, suggesting that these two functions are independent. To study the amino acid residues of DCAF1 that are responsible for interactions with Vpr and Vpx, we generated a large array of point mutants. We demonstrated that Vpr and Vpx interact with DCAF1 using a similar region on DCAF1, but establishing interactions with different residues. We then used an inhibitor of the Neddylation pathway (MLN4924) to examine the role of CRUL in the abilities of accessory proteins to target host cell proteins. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of CRUL with MLN4924 did not affect downregulation of tetherin, suggesting that the trans-golgi entrapment is responsible for the observed effect

Orientações e estratégias para a promoção da saúde vocal

Este seminário comemorativo aborda a voz, numa perspectiva da grande relevância dessa como ferramenta de comunicação elencando também os cuidados que devem ser adotados para a preservação da saúde vocal.Versão em H

Macroeconomic Determinants of Bank Spread in Brazil: An Empirical Evaluation

Despite a decline in interest rates since mid-1999, bank spread in Brazil continues extremely high in international terms and in recent years has stood at around 40%. This paper analyses the determinants of bank spread in Brazil, seeking particularly to analyse the macroeconomic determinants of spread in recent times. It uses a VAR model to identify the macroeconomic variables that may directly or indirectly have been influencing spread in Brazil over the period 1994-2005. It presents evidence that interest rate levels and, to a lesser degree, the inflation rate are the main macroeconomic determinants of high bank spread in Brazil.Bank Spread, VAR models, Brazilian banking sector

Identity, Positioning, Brand Image and Brand Equity Comparison.

The management of marketing has as presupposition the understanding of the relations between market and consumption, as well as, the concepts related to the maximization of the results of the company. In this way, an article was elaborated in search of the understanding of the existing relations between brand identity, positioning, brand image and brand equity. In this context, qualitative-quantitative research was sought to describe the existing relationships between concepts, as well as the conceptual and managerial gaps arising from their management. As a result of this work we have the analysis of the conceptual and operational gaps of these concepts