Observation and theoretical description of the pure Fano-effect in the valence-band photo-emission of ferromagnets

The pure Fano-effect in angle-integrated valence-band photo-emission of ferromagnets has been observed for the first time. A contribution of the intrinsic spin polarization to the spin polarization of the photo-electrons has been avoided by an appropriate choice of the experimental parameters. The theoretical description of the resulting spectra reveals a complete analogy to the Fano-effect observed before for paramagnetic transition metals. While the theoretical photo-current and spin difference spectra are found in good quantitative agreement with experiment in the case of Fe and Co only a qualitative agreement could be achieved in the case of Ni by calculations on the basis of plain local spin density approximation (LSDA). Agreement with experimental data could be improved in this case in a very substantial way by a treatment of correlation effects on the basis of dynamical mean field theory (DMFT).Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures accepted by PR

The reliability of product-specific eco-labels as an agrobiodiversity management instrument

This paper seeks to understand why multinationals prefer to launch a label specific to their own product and examines how reliable these product-specific eco-labels are. A new methodology is applied to assess the extent to which eco-labels live up to claims about their contribution to conservation and the sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity. Product-specific eco-labels are considered as industry self-regulation and all three regulatory stages are studied: the planning, implementation and outcome stage. There are major differences between the product specific eco-labels in the degree in which agrobiodiversity management is part of the normative labeling schemes. Although there are some problems of reliability, such as transparency in the implementation stage and the monitoring in the outcome stage, the degree of reliability of product-specific labels is comparable with eco-labels of international labeling families. The conclusion is that only one of the product-specific eco-labels examined here is reliable when examined in the light of all three stages. The main reason why multinationals establish a product-specific eco-label instead of adopting one from an existing labeling family is that they want to profile themselves as distinct from other companies. The unique character of a product-specific label creates a market opportunity for them

Photoemission study of pristine and potassium intercalated benzylic amide [2]catenane films

In this paper we report a photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) study of films of a benzylic amide [2]catenane on Au(111). We show that this molecule retains its molecular integrity during sublimation and that it chemisorbs on the metal surface. Potassium intercalation modifies the electronic structure of the films. We have observed a reduction of its amide functions and a modification of the charge density of the aromatic rings. The creation of polaron-like states in the gap of the neutral catenane and a decrease in the catenane work function of 0.8 eV have been demonstrated.

New technique for EUV mask defect mitigation: "Reversal Technology"

International audienc

Self-assembly of mechanically interlocked and threaded rings: a HREELS and XPS study of thiol-functionalised catenane and rotaxane molecules on Au(111)

Thiol-functionalised catenane and rotaxane thin films were investigated in order to understand the self-assembly of such complex molecules on Au(111). Adsorption from the liquid phase at 300 K leads to the formation of overlayers without long-range order, as evidenced by high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS). As expected for thiol adsorption, the sulfur 2p binding energies determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are consistent with the formation of thiolate surface intermediates. The properties of these films are explored as a function of annealing. Changes in vibrational spectra such as the emergence of a AuMO band and variations in core-level binding energies and intensities reveal molecular rearrangement due to partial desorption. In addition, based on coherent domain sizes estimated by the angular width of the elastic beam intensity, annealing promotes long-range order within the adlayers.