Proportional Assist Ventilation Improves Leg Muscle Reoxygenation After Exercise in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

BackgroundRespiratory muscle unloading through proportional assist ventilation (PAV) may enhance leg oxygen delivery, thereby speeding off-exercise oxygen uptake (V.⁢O2) kinetics in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsTen male patients (HFrEF = 26 ± 9%, age 50 ± 13 years, and body mass index 25 ± 3 kg m2) underwent two constant work rate tests at 80% peak of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to tolerance under PAV and sham ventilation. Post-exercise kinetics of V.⁢O2, vastus lateralis deoxyhemoglobin ([deoxy-Hb + Mb]) by near-infrared spectroscopy, and cardiac output (QT) by impedance cardiography were assessed.ResultsPAV prolonged exercise tolerance compared with sham (587 ± 390 s vs. 444 ± 296 s, respectively; p = 0.01). PAV significantly accelerated V.⁢O2 recovery (τ = 56 ± 22 s vs. 77 ± 42 s; p < 0.05), being associated with a faster decline in Δ[deoxy-Hb + Mb] and QT compared with sham (τ = 31 ± 19 s vs. 42 ± 22 s and 39 ± 22 s vs. 78 ± 46 s, p < 0.05). Faster off-exercise decrease in QT with PAV was related to longer exercise duration (r = −0.76; p < 0.05).ConclusionPAV accelerates the recovery of central hemodynamics and muscle oxygenation in HFrEF. These beneficial effects might prove useful to improve the tolerance to repeated exercise during cardiac rehabilitation

Development Of A Voltammetric Sensor For Catechol In Nanomolar Levels Using A Modified Electrode With Cu(phen)2(tcnq)2 And Pll

A sensor based on glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with bis(1,10-phenantroline)copper(II) bis(tetracyanoquinodimethanide) [Cu(phen)2(TCNQ)2] immobilized in a poly-l-lysine (PLL) film is proposed for catechol (CA) determination with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The modified electrode showed excellent stability as well as the ability to detect catechol in nanomolar catechol levels. A linear response range from 10 nmol l-1 up to 20 μmol l-1 with a sensitivity of 2.29 μA l μmol-1 cm-2 and detection limit of 3.0 nmol l-1 were observed in the optimized conditions. The repeatability of the mesurements with the proposed sensor was 2% evaluated in term of relative standard deviation, with n = 10 for 10 μmol l-1 CA. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode (RDE) experiments indicated that the catechol oxidation reaction involves two-electrons and a heterogenous rate constant (k) average value of about 1.30 × 103 M-1 s-1. The catechol diffusion coefficient (Do) value was estimated as being 7.6 × 10-6 cm2 s-1. The sensor was successfully applied for CA determination in powdered guarana samples. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1171274281Solná, R., Sapelnikova, S., Skládal, P., Winther-Nielsen, M., Carlsson, C., Emnéus, J., Ruzgas, T., Multienzyme electrochemical array sensor for determination of phenols and pesticides (2005) Talanta, 65, pp. 349-357Lin, X., Gong, J., Electrocatalytic oxidation and selective detection of dopamine at a 5,5-ditetradecyl-2-(2-trimethyl-ammonioethyl)-1,3-dioxane bromide self-assembled bilayer membrane modified glassy carbon electrode (2004) Anal. Chim. Acta, 507, pp. 259-265Yoshitake, T., Kehr, J., Yoshitake, S., Fujino, K., Nohta, H., Yamaguchi, M., Determination of serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine and their metabolites in rat brain extracts and microdialysis samples by column liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection following derivatization with benzylamine and 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (2004) J. Chromatogr. B, 807, pp. 177-183Powley, M.W., Carloson, G.P., Species comparison of hepatic and pulmonary metabolism of benzene (1999) Toxicology, 139, pp. 207-217Talcott, S.T., Passeretti, S., Duncan, C.E., Gorbet, D.W., Polyphenolic content and sensory properties of normal and high oleic acid peanuts (2005) Food Chem., 90, pp. 379-388Cui, H., He, C., Zhao, G., Determination of polyphenols by high-performance liquid chromatography with inhibited chemiluminescence detection (1999) J. Chromatogr. A, 855, pp. 171-179Maurer, H.H., Bickeboeller-Friedrich, J., Kraemer, T., Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric procedures for determination of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity and for detection of unstable catecholic metabolites in human and rat liver preparations after (COMT) catalyzed in statu nascendi derivatization using S-adenosylmethionine (2000) J. Chromatogr. B, 739, pp. 325-335Fiehn, O., Jekel, M., Analysis of phenolic compounds in industrial wastewater with high-performance liquid chromatography and post-column reaction detection (1997) J. Chromatogr. A, 769, pp. 189-200Sotomayor, M.D.P.T., Tanaka, A.A., Kubota, L.T., Tris (2,2′-bipyridil) copper (II) chloride complex: a biomimetic tyrosinase catalyst in the amperometric sensor construction (2003) Electrochim. Acta, 48, pp. 855-865Carvalho, R.M., Mello, C., Kubota, L.T., Simultaneous determination of phenol isomers in binary mixtures by differential pulse voltammetry using carbon fibre electrode and neural network with pruning as a multivariate calibration tool (2000) Anal. Chim. Acta, 420, pp. 109-121Mello, L.D., Stomayor, M.D.P.T., Kubota, L.T., HRP-based amperometric biosensor for the polyphenols determination in vegetables extract (2003) Sens. Actuators B: Chem., 96, pp. 636-645Murray, R.W., (1984) Electroanalytical Chemistry, , Bard A.J. (Ed), Marcel Dekker, New YorkRedepenning, J.G., Chemically modified electrodes-a general overview (1987) Tracs-Trends Anal. Chem., 6, pp. 18-22Razmi, H., Agazadeh, M., Habibi-A, B., Electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine at aluminum electrode modified with nickel pentacyanonitrosylferrate films, synthesized by electroless procedure (2003) J. Electroanal. Chem., 547, pp. 25-33Damos, F.S., Sotomayor, M.D.T., Kubota, L.T., Tanaka, S.M.C.N., Tanaka, A.A., Iron(III) tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphyrin as a biomimetic catalyst of horseradish peroxidase on the electrode surface: an amperometric sensor for phenolic compound determinations (2003) Analyst, 128, pp. 225-259Dempsey, E., Diamond, D., Collier, A., Development of a biosensor for endocrine disrupting compounds based on tyrosinase entrapped within a poly(thionine) film (2004) Biosens. Bioelectron., 20, pp. 367-377Rajesh, W., Kaneto, K., Amperometric tyrosinase based biosensor using an electropolymerized PTS-doped polypyrrole film as an entrapment support (2004) React. Funct. Polym., 59, pp. 163-169Campuzano, S., Serra, B., Pedrero, M., Villena, F.J.M., Pingarrón, J.M., Amperometric flow-injection determination of phenolic compounds at self-assembled monolayer-based tyrosinase biosensors (2003) Anal. Chim. Acta, 494, pp. 187-197Cosnier, S., Szunerits, S., Markks, R.S., Lellouche, J.P., Perie, K., Mediated electrochemical detection of catechol by tyrosinase-based poly(dicarbazole) electrodes (2001) J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 50, pp. 65-77Dantoni, P., Serrano, S.H.P., Brett, A.M.O., Gutz, J.G.R., Flow-injection determination of catechol with a new tyrosinase/DNA biosensor (1998) Anal. Chim. Acta, 366, pp. 137-145Haghighi, B., Gordon, L., Ruzgas, T., Josson, L.J., Characterization of graphite electrodes modified with laccase from Trametes versicolor and their use for bioelectrochemical monitoring of phenolic compounds in flow injection analysis (2003) Anal. Chim. Acta, 487, pp. 3-14Izacumen, N., Bouchta, D., Zejli, H., Kaoutit, M.E., Stalcup, A.M., Temsamani, K.R., Electrosynthesis and analytical performances of functionalized poly (pyrrole/β-cyclodextrin) films (2005) Talanta, 66, pp. 111-117Sotomayor, M.D.P.T., Tanaka, A.A., Kubota, L.T., Development of an enzymeless biosensor for the determination of phenolic compounds (2002) Anal. Chim. Acta, 455, pp. 215-223Luz, R.C.S., Damos, F.S., Oliveira, A.B., Beck, J., Kubota, L.T., Voltammetric determination of 4-nitrophenol at a lithium tetracyanoethylenide (LiTCNE) modified glassy carbon electrode (2004) Talanta, 64, pp. 935-942Luz, R.C.S., Damos, F.S., Oliveira, A.B., Beck, J., Kubota, L.T., Development of a sensor based on tetracyanoethylenide (LiTCNE)/poly-l-lysine (PLL) for dopamine determination (2005) Electrochim. Acta, 50, pp. 2675-2683Khoo, S.B., John, K.F., Stanley Pons, Electrolyte effects on the cyclic voltammetry of TCNQ and TCNE (1986) J. Electroanal. Chem., 215, pp. 273-285Zhao, S., Lennox, R., Bioelectrocatalysis at organic conducting salt electrodes. Use of hexamethylenetetratellurafulvalene tetracyanoquinodimethane (HMTTeF-TCNQ) as a versatile electrode material (1993) J. Electroanal. Chem., 346, pp. 161-173Melby, L.R., Harder, R.J., Hertler, W.R., Mahler, W., Benson, R.E., Mochel, W.E., Substituted quinodimethans. 2. Anion-radical derivatives and complexes of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (1962) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, pp. 3374-3387Schwartz, M., Hatfield, W.E., Spectroscopic and magnetic studies of 2 electrically conducting charge-transfer compounds of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethanide with cationic copper-chelates (1987) Inorg. Chem., 26, pp. 2823-2825Zhu, Z., Na-Qiang, L., 9,10-Anthraquinone modified glassy carbon electrode and its application for hemoglobin determination (1998) Electroanalysis, 10, pp. 643-646Magna, A., Salomão, A.A., Vila, M.M.D.C., Tubino, M., Comparative study of two spectrophotometric reagents for catechol analysis in guaraná seeds powder (2003) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 14, p. 129Pandey, P.C., Upadhyay, S., Pathak, H.C., Pandey, C.M.D., Sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility of some mediated electrochemical biosensors/sensors (1998) Anal. Lett., 31, pp. 2327-2348Andrieux, C.P., Savéant, J.M., Heterogeneous (chemically modified electrodes, polymer electrodes) vs. homogeneous catalysis of electrochemical reactions (1978) J. Electroanal. Chem., 93, pp. 163-168Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R., (1980) Electrochemical Methods, Fundamentals and Applications, , Wiley, New YorkDurgbanshi, A., Kok, W.T., Capillary electrophoresis and electrochemical detection with a conventional detector cell (1998) J. Chromatogr. A, 798, pp. 289-296Razmi, H., Agazadeh, M., Habibi-A, B., Electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine at aluminum electrode modified with nickel pentacyanonitrosylferrate films, synthetized by electroless procedure (2003) J. Electroanal. Chem., 547, pp. 25-33Razmi, H., Azadbakkht, A., Electrochemical characteristic of dopamine oxidation at palladium hexacyanoferrate film, electroless plated on aluminum electrode (2005) Electrochim. Acta, 50, pp. 2193-2201Laviron, E., Electrochemical reactions with protonations at equilibrium: part II. The 1e, 1 H+ reaction (four-member square scheme) for a heterogeneous reaction (1981) J. Electroanal. Chem., 124, pp. 1-7Richard, J.A., Whitson, P.E., Evans, D.H., Electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (1975) J. Electroanal. Chem., 63, pp. 311-327Papouchado, L., Sandford, R.W., Petrie, G., Adams, R.N., Anodic oxidation pathways of phenolic compounds part 2. Stepwise electron transfers and coupled hydroxylations (1975) J. Electroanal. Chem., 65, pp. 275-284Kim, M.A., Lee, W.Y., Amperometric phenol biosensor based on sol-gel silicate/Nafion composite film (2003) Anal. Chim. Acta, 479, pp. 143-150Analytical Methods Commitee, Recommendations for the definition, estimationand use of the detection limit (1987) Analyst, 112, pp. 199-204Henman, A.R., Guarana (paullinia-cupana var sorbilis)-ecological and social perspectives on an economic plant of the central amazon basin (1982) J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 6, pp. 311-33

Electrocatalytic Determination Of Reduced Glutathione In Human Erythrocytes

The determination of reduced glutathione (GSH) in human erythrocytes using a simple, fast and sensitive method employing a glassy carbon electrode modified with cobalt tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CoTSPc) immobilized in poly(l-lysine) (PLL) film was investigated. This modified electrode showed very efficient electrocatalytic activity for anodic oxidation of GSH, decreasing substantially the anodic overpotentials for 0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl. The modified electrode presented better performance in 0.1 mol l-1 piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 7.4. The other experimental parameters, such as the concentration of CoTSPc and PLL in the membrane preparation, pH, type of buffer solution and applied potential, were optimized. Under optimized operational conditions, a linear response from 50 to 2,160 nmol l-1 was obtained with a high sensitivity of 1.5 nA l nmol-1 cm-2. The detection limit for GSH determination was 15 nmol l-1. The proposed sensor presented good repeatability, evaluated in terms of the relative standard deviation (1.5%) for n∈=∈10. The modified electrode was applied for determination of GSH in erythrocyte samples and the results were in agreement with those obtained by a comparative method described in the literature The average recovery for these fortified samples was 100∈±∈1)%. Applying a paired Student's-t test to compare these methods, we could observe that, at the 95% confidence level, there was no statistical difference between the reference and the proposed methods. © Springer-Verlag 2007.387518911897Chen, J., He, Z., Liu, H., Cha, C., (2006) J Electroanal Chem, 588, pp. 324-330Griffith, O.W., (1999) Free Radical Biol Med, 27, pp. 922-935Droge, D., Breitkreutz, R., (2000) Proc Nutr Soc, 59, pp. 595-600Cereser, C., Guichard, J., Drai, J., Bannier, E., Garcia, I., Boget, S., Parvaz, P., Revol, A., (2001) J Chromatogr B, 752, pp. 123-132Zhang, W., Wan, F., Zhu, W., Xu, H., Ye, X., Cheng, R., Jin, L.T., (2005) J Chromatogr B, 818, pp. 227-232Shen, Z., Wang, H., Liang, S.C., Zhang, Z.M., Zhang, H.S., (2002) Anal Lett, 35, pp. 2269-2278Chen, X.P., Cross, R.F., Clark, A.G., Baker, W.L., (1999) Mikrochim Acta, 130, pp. 225-231Besada, A., Tadros, N.B., Gawargious, Y.A., (1989) Mikrochim Acta, 3, pp. 143-146Raggi, M.A., Nobile, L., Giovannini, A.G., (1991) J Pharm Biomed Anal, 9, pp. 1037-1040Compagnone, D., Massoud, R., Di Ilio, C., Federici, G., (1991) Anal Lett, 24, pp. 993-1004Chwatko, G., Bold, E., (2000) Talanta, 52, pp. 509-515Jin, W.R., Zhan, X., Xian, L., (2000) Electroanalysis, 12, pp. 858-862Ricci, G.F., Arduini, F., Tuta, C.S., Sozzo, U., Moscone, D., Amine, A., Palleschi, G., (2006) Anal Chim Acta, 55 (8), pp. 164-170Salimi, A., Hallaj, R., (2005) Talanta, 66, pp. 967-975Compagnone, D., Federici, G., Scarciglia, L., (1993) Biosens Bioielectron, 8, pp. 257-263Compagnone, D., Federici, G., Scarciglia, L., Palleschi, G., (1994) Anal Lett, 27, pp. 15-27Zhang, S., Sun, W.L., Zhang, W., Qi, W.Y., Jin, L.T., Yamamoto, K., Tao, S., Jin, J.Y., (1999) Anal Chim Acte, 386, pp. 21-30Salimi, A., Pourbeyram, S., (2003) Talanta, 60, pp. 205-214Calvo-Marzal, P., Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., Hoehr, N.F., Kubota, L.T., (2006) Clin Chim Acta, 371, pp. 152-158Filanovsky, B., (1999) Anal Chim Acta, 394, pp. 91-100Guo, Y.Z., Guadalupe, A.R., (1998) Sens Actuators B, 46, pp. 213-219Stephen, A.W., Stephen, P.H., John, P.H., Brian, J.B., (1989) Analyst, 114, pp. 1563-1570Griveau, S., Gulppi, M., Pavez, J., Zagal, J.H., Bedioui, F., (2003) Electroanalysis, 15, pp. 779-785Zagal, J.H., Gulppi, M., Isaacs, M., Cardenas-Jiron, G., Aguirre, M.J., (1998) Electrochim Acta, 44, pp. 1349-1357Griveau, S., Pavez, J., Zagal, J., Bedioui, F., (2001) J Electroanal Chem, 497, pp. 75-83Gulppi, M., Griveau, S., Bedioui, F., Zagal, J., (2001) Electrochim Acta, 46, pp. 3397-3404Griveau, S., Albin, V., Pauporte, T., Zagal, J.H., Bedioui, F., (2002) J Mater Chem, 12, pp. 225-232Anson, F.C., Ohsaka, T., Saveant, J.M., (1983) J Phys Chem, 87, pp. 640-647Muthukuma, M., (2004) J Chem Phys, 120, pp. 9343-9350Weber, J.H., Busch, D.H., (1965) Inorg Chem, 4, pp. 469-471Griffith, O.W., (1980) Anal Biochem, 106, pp. 207-212Premkumar, J., Khoo, S.B., (2005) J Electroanal Chem, 576, pp. 105-111Anderson, M., (1985) Methods Enzymol, 13, pp. 548-555Limson, J., Nyokong, T., (1998) Electroanalysis, 10, pp. 988-993Zagal, J., Páez, M., Tanaka, A.A., dos Santos Jr, J.R., (1992) J Electroanal Chem, 339, pp. 13-30Lever, A.B.P., Milaeva, E.R., Speier, G., (1993) Phthalocyanine: Properties and applications, 3. , Lezniff CC, Lever ABP eds, VCH, New YorkZagal, J.H., (1992) Coord Chem Rev, 119, pp. 89-136Gulppi, M.A., Páez, M.A., Costamagna, J.A., Cárdenas-Jirón, G., Bedioui, F., Zagal, J.H., (2005) J Electroanal Chem, 580, pp. 50-56Saari, N.B., Fujita, S., Miyazoe, R., Okugawa, M., (1996) J Food Biochem, 19, pp. 321-327Fernandes, J.C.B., Kubota, L.T., Neto, G.O., (1999) Anal Chim Acta, 385, pp. 3-12Rover Jr, L., Kubota, L.T., Höehr, N.F., (2001) Clin Chim Acta, 308, pp. 55-67Sehlotho, N., Nyokong, T., Zagal, J.H., Bedioui, F., (2006) Electrochim Acta, 51, pp. 5125-5130Salimi, A., Pourbeyram, S., (2003) Talanta, 60, pp. 205-214Inoue, T., Kirchhoff, J.R., (2000) Anal Chem, 72, pp. 5755-5760(1987) Analyst, 112, pp. 199-204. , Analytical Methods CommitteeSilva, M.L.S., Garcia, M.B.Q., Lima, J.L.F.C., Barrado, E., (2006) Anal Chim Acta, 573-574, pp. 383-39

Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas

University of Oxford. Department of Zoology, Oxford, UK / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.University of Birmingham. Institute of Microbiology and Infection. Birmingham, UK.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford UK.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK / Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA / Boston Children's Hospital. Boston, MA, USA.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, WA, USA / University of Washington. Department of Epidemiology. Seattle, WA, USA.University of São Paulo. School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.University of Oxford. Department of Statistics. Oxford, UK.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.Institut Pasteur. Biostatistics and Integrative Biology. Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics. Paris, FR / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Paris, FR.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.Ministry of Health. Coordenação dos Laboratórios de Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Ministry of Health. Coordenação Geral de Vigilância e Resposta às Emergências em Saúde Pública. Brasília, DF, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Ministry of Health. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasilia, DF, Brazil.Ministry of Health. Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes. Brasília, DF, Brazil / Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Buenos Aires, AR.Ministry of Health. Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes. Brasília, DF, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Ministry of Health. Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes. Brasília, DF, BrazilMinistry of Health. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasilia, DF, Brazil.Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. Toronto, ON, Canada.University of Nottingham. Nottingham, UKThe Scripps Research Institute. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science. La Jolla, CA, USA.The Scripps Research Institute. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science. La Jolla, CA, USA.University of California. Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine & Infectious Diseases. San Francisco, CA, USA.University of California. Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine & Infectious Diseases. San Francisco, CA, USA.Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica. Ciudad de México, MC.Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica. Ciudad de México, MC.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Cuernavaca, MC.Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Paul-Ehrlich-Institut. Langen, Germany.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Natal, RN, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Natal, RN, Brazil / Universidade Potiguar. Natal, RN, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Natal, RN, Brazil / Faculdade Natalense de Ensino e Cultura. Natal, RN, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Recife, PE, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Recife, PE, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Recife, PE, Brazil / Colorado State University. Department of Microbiology, Immunology &Pathology. Fort Collins, CO, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Recife, PE, Brazil.Heidelberg University Hospital. Department for Infectious Diseases. Section Clinical Tropical Medicine. Heidelberg, Germany.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Recife, PE, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Maceió, AL, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Maceió, AL, Brazil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Maceió, AL, Brazil.Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.Secretaria de Saúde de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brazil.University of São Paulo. School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of São Paulo. School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Hospital São Francisco. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.University of São Paulo. School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Tocantins. Palmas, TO, Brazil.University of São Paulo. School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of Sydney. Sydney, Australia.University of Edinburgh. Institute of Evolutionary Biology. Edinburgh, UK / National Institutes of Health. Fogarty International Center. Bethesda, MD, USA.Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, WA, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Pathology. Galveston, TX, USA.University of São Paulo. School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, Brazil.University of Birmingham. Institute of Microbiology and Infection. Birmingham, UK.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology, Oxford, UK / Metabiota. San Francisco, CA, USA.University of São Paulo. School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, Brazil / University of Rome Tor Vergata. Rome, Italy.Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas was first confirmed in May 2015 in northeast Brazil. Brazil has had the highest number of reported ZIKV cases worldwide (more than 200,000 by 24 December 2016) and the most cases associated with microcephaly and other birth defects (2,366 confirmed by 31 December 2016). Since the initial detection of ZIKV in Brazil, more than 45 countries in the Americas have reported local ZIKV transmission, with 24 of these reporting severe ZIKV-associated disease. However, the origin and epidemic history of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas remain poorly understood, despite the value of this information for interpreting observed trends in reported microcephaly. Here we address this issue by generating 54 complete or partial ZIKV genomes, mostly from Brazil, and reporting data generated by a mobile genomics laboratory that travelled across northeast Brazil in 2016. One sequence represents the earliest confirmed ZIKV infection in Brazil. Analyses of viral genomes with ecological and epidemiological data yield an estimate that ZIKV was present in northeast Brazil by February 2014 and is likely to have disseminated from there, nationally and internationally, before the first detection of ZIKV in the Americas. Estimated dates for the international spread of ZIKV from Brazil indicate the duration of pre-detection cryptic transmission in recipient regions. The role of northeast Brazil in the establishment of ZIKV in the Americas is further supported by geographic analysis of ZIKV transmission potential and by estimates of the basic reproduction number of the virus

Resumos concluídos - Neurociências

Resumos concluídos - Neurociência

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)