Organoleptic Analysis of Doughs Fermented with Yeasts From A Nigerian Palm Wine (Elaeis guineensis) and Certain Commercial Yeasts

Yeasts isolated from a freshly tapped palm wine obtained from Akure, Nigeria were identified as Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Debaryomyces hansenii, Geotrichum lactis and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Each of the isolates was used to ferment wheat flour dough and baked. Sensory analysis of the doughs was carried out on leavening, texture, aroma, taste and appearance. Saccharomyces cerevisiae performed best in leavening the dough while Debaryomyces hansenii produced doughs with the best taste and aroma. Appearances of the doughs made with all the isolated yeasts did not differ significantly (P<0.05) from that of the dough that lacked yeast

Comparative evaluation of acetaminophen form (I) in commercialized paracetamol brands

The vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR/Raman) and X-ray diffraction techniques are combined alongside the principal component analysis (PCA) as novel integrated analytical techniques to comparatively investigate latent chemical information and quality discrepancies regarding twelve (12) commercialized paracetamol (APAP) brands. This research aim is to present an advanced computational screening approach using spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques with PCA as a tool to investigate the structural properties of pharmaceutical solid drugs by vibrational mode and diffraction pattern analyzes. Herein, the acquired vibrational, absorption, and diffraction datasets of APAP functionalities were collected at spectra and diffraction regions of intense peaks to develop predictive PCA models. Interestingly, the PCA models invalidate drug falsification in all the brands and predicted dissimilarities arising from observed differences in the vibrational/absorption modes of APAP form (I) in some brands due to excessive use of cheap (fillers and hydrocolloid alternatives) excipients. The PCA-PXRD model unveils discrepancies regarding the contrasting diffraction patterns (structure-property relationships) observed for APAP form (I) in the brands, which suggests differences in their pharmacokinetic properties cause an unapparent structural modification. Nevertheless, the comparative drug release studies present a%CDR between 93 and 98% in 30 min for all the brands, thus, structural modifications of APAP form (I) as observed in some brands show no serious effects on the%CDR and/ or solubility. Finally, it is expected that this work will contribute to the advances in screening techniques toward addressing the global drug challenges, especially in developing countries

Controlled synthesis and structure characterization of a new fluconazole polymorph using analytical techniques and multivariate method

In the crystallization and search for higher multicomponent forms of fluconazole (FLZ), a metastable FLZ polymorph (concomitant) that manifests in the same crystallization system and transforms into the stable FLZ form (II) after the lyophilization process was observed. In this report, we demonstrated and showed how this FLZ polymorph 10 (Mw = 306.79 g/mol) of the monoclinic C2 space group was detected and reproduced through a controlled lyophilized experiment, and modeled differentiation between vibrational and absorption modes of FLZ functionalities like C=O, OH, –CH2 and –NH. The FLZ polymorph shows strong O–H···N and weak C−H···X (X = N, and F) hydrogen bond and the presence of pi-pi bond interactions in the overlapping triazole rings. The combination of vibrational spectroscopic techniques (Raman/FT-IR) and principal component analysis (PCA) aid the development of important models for polymorph screening and identification. In addition, X-ray diffraction (powder and single crystal) techniques support the polymorph characterization and structure depiction. The PCA models and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the newness of FLZ polymorph 10, and further solid-state characterization using thermal techniques (DSC and TGA) affirmed its uniqueness and novelty. Finally, the thermal stability and solubility studies on the new FLZ polymorph were determined to understand its structure properties and compare these with previously reported polymorphs of FLZ

Taxonomic assessment and biotechnological potential of yeasts hold at the Unesp - Central for microbial resources

Atualmente, existe um crescente interesse em explorar diversos habitats, a fim de revelar a biodiversidade microbiana, incluindo as leveduras. Tal diversidade ainda não acessada guarda a descoberta de novas espécies para ciência, provavelmente muitas das quais com potencial para aproveitamento em processos biotecnológicos. Com o objetivo de explorar e conservar a diversidade de fungos, o Central de Recursos Microbianos da UNESP (CRM – UNESP) mantém em seu acervo várias estirpes de leveduras isoladas de ecossistemas diversos, sendo alguns deles pouco explorados. No início deste trabalho sabíamos que muitas das leveduras depositadas no acervo do CRM – UNESP não estavam totalmente caracterizadas tanto em nível taxonômico, quanto em relação ao potencial biotecnológico que poderiam apresentar. Portanto, o presente estudo foi desenhado para caracterizar e identificar taxonomicamente leveduras depositadas no CRM – UNESP, bem como selecionar estirpes que produzem enzimas extracelulares degradadoras de polissacarídeos como amilase, celulase, xilanase, pectinase e ligninase. Usando uma abordagem polifásica, um total de 340 isolados de leveduras foi identificado, sendo que 71,2% compreendem 43 taxa de ascomicetos e os restantes 28,8% foram classificados em 27 taxa de basidiomicetos. O estudo também levou à descoberta de 8 prováveis novas espécies. Baseado nesta constatação, a classificação taxonômica e análise filogenética foi realizada para duas espécies anamórficas de ascomicetos e uma espécie teleomórfica de basidiomiceto. A descrição destas três espécies é apresentada neste estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que Wickerhamiella kiyanii FB1-1DASPT e W. pindamonhangabaensis H10YT pertencem à clade Wickerhamiella da ordem Saccharomycetales...In recent time, there has been an increasing interest in exploring diverse ecological habitats in order to reveal the yeast biodiversity. The increased awareness in the biotechnological potentials of yeasts has also spurred attempts to search for new species with novel biotechnological capabilities. Aiming to explore and conserve the fungal diversity from various ecosystems, the UNESP – Central for Microbial Resources (UNESP – CMR) harbors various strains of ecologically diverse yeasts isolates, some of which were yet to be identified. Therefore, this study was designed to identify and characterize some yeasts from the UNESP – MRC and to select strains possessing extracellular plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes namely amylase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and ligninase. Using a polyphasic approach, a total of 340 strains were identified. Taxonomic classification grouped 71.2% of these isolates into 43 ascomycetous taxa while the remaining 28.8% were classified in 27 basidiomycetous taxa. The study also led to the discovery of 8 putative new species. As a result, we classified two anamorphic species in the Ascomycota and one teleomorphic species in the Basidiomycota. In this study we provide the description of both species. Our results demonstrated that the two ascomycetous species proposed as Wickerhamiella kiyanii FB1-1DASPT and W. pindamonhangabaensis H10YT belong to the Wickerhamiella clade of the Saccharomycetales (Saccharomycetes) while the basidiomycetous species proposed as Bulleromyces texanaensis ATT064T belong to the Bulleromyces / Papiliotrema / Auriculibuller clade of the Tremellales (Agaricomycotina). In order to show the significance of intraspecific diversity in yeasts, in one of our studies, we subjected 11 strains, (including the type strain CBS 8960T) of Hannaella kunmingensis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Synthesis of new cocrystal solid form of fluconazole-fumaric acid

Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multicomponent crystalline solids comprised of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and one or more co-formers interacting through hydrogen bonding or other weak interactions like the π-stack and van der Waals interactions. Fluconazole (FLZ) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. It is also used to prevent and treat meningitis. Cocrystallization is an alternative approach for enhancement of drug. It can be performed using neat grinding, solvent assisted grinding, solvent evaporation, cooling evaporation and slurry cocrystallization. In this work, a new cocrystal Fluconazol-Fumaric acid monohydrate was synthesized via 1:1 stoichiometric amount of FLZ and FUM at different conditions. The characterization of the synthesized cocrystals was achieved using Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results obtained for the characterization of the samples showed some obvious differences among the spectra, diffractograms and thermograms. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the new structure shows a cocrystal where the fluconazole molecules are attached to the fumaric acid and water molecules respectively through hydrogen bonds, gave unique cell dimensions for an assumed structure C17H18F2N6O6 with a space group of P21/n, a = 17.053(3) Å, b = 5.5995(10), c=21.154(3), α = 90°, β=105.418(4)°, γ= 90°, V = 1947.3(6) Å3. This work is the first to report a monohydrate cocrystal structure of fluconazole and fumaric acid.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Cocristais farmacêuticos são sólidos cristalinos multi-componentes compostos de um ingrediente ativo farmacêutico (API) e um ou mais co-formadores interagindo através de ligações de hidrogênio ou outras interações fracas como as π-stack e Van der Waals. Fluconazol (FLZ), é um fármaco anti-fúngico triazol utilizado no tratamento e prevenção de infecções fúngicas superficiais e sistémicas. É também utilizado para prevenir e tratar a meningite. Cocristalização é uma abordagem alternativa para melhorar as propriedades de fármacos. Pode ser realizada através de moagem a seco, moagem assistida por solvente, evaporação de solvente e cristalização em suspensão. Neste trabalho, um novo co-cristal Fluconazol-Ácido Fumarico monohidrato foi sintetizado utilizando uma estequimetria 1:1 em diferentes condições. A caracterização dos co-cristais sintetizados foi realizada utilizando espectroscopia Raman, calorimetria exploratória diferencial, difração de raios-X em pó é por monocristal. Os resultados obtidos para a caracterização das amostras mostrou algumas diferenças obvias entre os espectros, difratogramas e termogramas. A difração de raios-X de monocristal mostrou uma nova estrutura onde as moléculas de fluconazol estão ligadas ao ácido fumárico e a uma molécula de água através de ligações de hidrogênio, originando uma estrutura única C17H18F2N6O6 de grupo espacial P21/n e dimensões da célula unitária a = 17.053(3) Å, b = 5.5995(10), c=21.154(3), α = 90°, β=105.418(4)°, γ= 90°, V = 1947.3(6) Å3. Este trabalho é o primeiro a relatar uma estrutura de co-cristal mono-hidrato de fluconazol e acido fumárico

Taxonomic assessment and enzymes production by yeasts isolated from marine and terrestrial Antarctic samples

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The aim of the present study was to investigate the taxonomic identity of yeasts isolated from the Antarctic continent and to evaluate their ability to produce enzymes (lipase, protease and xylanase) at low and moderate temperatures. A total of 97 yeast strains were recovered from marine and terrestrial samples collected in the Antarctica. The highest amount of yeast strains was obtained from marine sediments, followed by lichens, ornithogenic soils, sea stars, Salpa sp., algae, sea urchin, sea squirt, stone with lichens, Nacella concinna, sea sponge, sea isopod and sea snail. Data from polyphasic taxonomy revealed the presence of 21 yeast species, distributed in the phylum Ascomycota (n = 8) and Basidiomycota (n = 13). Representatives of encapsulated yeasts, belonging to genera Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus were recovered from 7 different Antarctic samples. Moreover, Candida glaebosa, Cryptococcus victoriae, Meyerozyma (Pichia) guilliermondii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and R. laryngis were the most abundant yeast species recovered. This is the first report of the occurrence of some species of yeasts recovered from Antarctic marine invertebrates. Additionally, results from enzymes production at low/moderate temperatures revealed that the Antarctic environment contains metabolically diverse cultivable yeasts, which could be considered as a target for biotechnological applications. Among the evaluated yeasts in the present study 46.39, 37.11 and 14.43 % were able to produce lipase (at 15 A degrees C), xylanase (at 15 A degrees C) and protease (at 25 A degrees C), respectively. The majority of lipolytic, proteolytic and xylanolytic strains were distributed in the phylum Basidiomycota and were mainly recovered from sea stars, lichens, sea urchin and marine sediments.17610231035Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)European CommunityCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2010/08352-5, 2010/17033-0

Taxonomic Assessment And Enzymes Production By Yeasts Isolated From Marine And Terrestrial Antarctic Samples

The aim of the present study was to investigate the taxonomic identity of yeasts isolated from the Antarctic continent and to evaluate their ability to produce enzymes (lipase, protease and xylanase) at low and moderate temperatures. A total of 97 yeast strains were recovered from marine and terrestrial samples collected in the Antarctica. The highest amount of yeast strains was obtained from marine sediments, followed by lichens, ornithogenic soils, sea stars, Salpa sp., algae, sea urchin, sea squirt, stone with lichens, Nacella concinna, sea sponge, sea isopod and sea snail. Data from polyphasic taxonomy revealed the presence of 21 yeast species, distributed in the phylum Ascomycota (n = 8) and Basidiomycota (n = 13). Representatives of encapsulated yeasts, belonging to genera Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus were recovered from 7 different Antarctic samples. Moreover, Candida glaebosa, Cryptococcus victoriae, Meyerozyma (Pichia) guilliermondii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and R. laryngis were the most abundant yeast species recovered. This is the first report of the occurrence of some species of yeasts recovered from Antarctic marine invertebrates. Additionally, results from enzymes production at low/moderate temperatures revealed that the Antarctic environment contains metabolically diverse cultivable yeasts, which could be considered as a target for biotechnological applications. Among the evaluated yeasts in the present study 46.39, 37.11 and 14.43 % were able to produce lipase (at 15 °C), xylanase (at 15 °C) and protease (at 25 °C), respectively. The majority of lipolytic, proteolytic and xylanolytic strains were distributed in the phylum Basidiomycota and were mainly recovered from sea stars, lichens, sea urchin and marine sediments. © 2013 Springer Japan.17610231035Almeida, J.M.G.C.F., Yeast community survey in the Tagus estuary (2005) FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 53, pp. 295-303Arenz, B.E., Blanchette, R.A., Distribution and abundance of soil fungi in Antarctica at sites on the Peninsula, Ross Sea Region and McMurdo Dry Valleys (2010) Soil Biol Biochem, 43, pp. 308-315Bölter, M., Kandeler, E., Pietr, S.J., Seppelt, R.D., Heterotrophic Microbes, Microbial and Enzymatic Activity in Antarctic Soils (2002) Geoecol Antarct Ice-Free Coast Landsc Ecol Stud, 154, pp. 189-214Bon, E.P., Costa, R.B., Silva, M.V.A., Leitao, V.S.F., Freitas, S.P., Ferrara, M.A., Mercado e Perspectivas de Uso de Enzimas Industriais e Especiais no Brasil (2008) Interciência, Rio De Janeiro, 20, pp. 463-488. , In: Enzimas em Biotecnologia- Produção, Aplicações e Mercado, EdBurgaud, G., Arzur, D., Durand, L., Cambon-Bonavita, M., Barbier, G., Marine culturable yeasts in deep-sea hydrothermal vents: species richness and association with fauna (2010) FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 73, pp. 121-133Carrasco, M., Rozas, J.M., Barahona, S., Alcaíno, J., Cifuentes, V., Baeza, M., Diversity and extracellular enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from King George Island, the sub-Antarctic region (2012) BMC Microbiol, 12, p. 251Charoenchai, C., Fleet, G.H., Henschke, P.A., Todd, B., Screening of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts for the presence of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (1997) Aust J Grape Wine Res, 3, pp. 2-8Connell, L., Redman, R., Craig, S., Scorzetti, G., Iszard, M., Rodriguez, R., Diversity of soil yeasts isolated from South Victoria Land, Antarctica (2008) Microbiol Ecol, 56, pp. 448-459Crowe, J.H., Crowe, L.M., Carpenter, J.F., Wistrom, C.A., Stabilization of dry phospholipid bilayers and proteins by sugars (1987) Biochem J, 242, pp. 1-10Crowe, J.H., Hoekstra, F.A., Crowe, L.M., Anhydrobiosis (1992) Annu Rev Physiol, 54, pp. 579-599Feller, G., Gerday, C., Psychrophilic enzymes: hot topics in cold adaptation (2003) Nat Rev Microbiol, 1, pp. 200-208Frisvad, J.C., Fungi in cold ecosystems (2008) Psychrophiles: From Biodiversity to Biotechnology, pp. 137-156. , R. Margesin, F. Schinner, J. C. Marx, and C. Gerday (Eds.), Berlin: SpringerGadanho, M., Sampaio, J.P., Cryptococcus ibericus sp. nov., Cryptococcus aciditolerans sp. nov. and Cryptococcus metallitolerans sp. nov., a new ecoclade of anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast species from an extreme environment associated with acid rock drainage in São Domingos pyrite mine, Portugal (2009) Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 59, pp. 2375-2379Geok, L.P., Razak, C.A.N., Rahman, R.N.Z.A., Basri, M., Salleh, A.B., Isolation and screening of an extracellular organic solvent-tolerant protease producer (2003) Biochem Eng J, 13, pp. 73-77Gomes, J., Gomes, I., Steiner, W., Thermolabile xylanase of the Antarctic yeast Cryptococcus adeliae: production and properties (2000) Extremophiles, 4, pp. 227-235Hall, T.A., Bio Edit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/ 98/NT (1999) Nucl Acids Symp Ser, 41, pp. 95-98Joseph, B., Ramteke, P.W., Thomas, G., Cold active microbial lipases: some hot issues and recent developments (2008) Biotechnol Adv, 26, pp. 457-470Knob, A., Carmona, E.C., Xylanase production by Penicillium sclerotiorum and its characterization (2008) World Appl Sci J, 4 (2), pp. 277-283Kohlmeyer, J., Kohlmeyer, E., (1979) Marine Micology: The Higher Fungi, , New York: Academic PressKouker, G., Jaeger, K.E., Specific and sensitive plate assay for bacterial lipases (1987) Appl Environ Microbiol, 53, pp. 211-213Kurtzman, C.P., Fell, J.W., Boekhout, T., Robert, V., Methods for isolation, phenotypic characterization and maintenance of yeasts (2011) The Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study, pp. 88-110. , 5th edn., C. P. Kurtzman, J. W. Fell, and T. Boekhout (Eds.), San Diego: ElsevierKutty, S.N., Philip, R., Marine yeasts-a review (2008) Yeast, 25, pp. 465-483Li, J., Chi, Z., Wang, X., Peng, Y., Chi, Z., The selection of alkaline protease-producing yeasts from marine environments and evaluation of their bioactive peptide production (2009) Chin J Oceanol Limnol, 27, pp. 753-761Margesin, R., Potential of cold-adapted microorganisms for bioremediation of oil-polluted Alpine soils (2000) Int Biodeterior Biodegrad, 46, pp. 3-10Margesin, R., Miteva, V., Diversity and ecology of psychrophilic microorganisms (2011) Res Microbiol, 162, pp. 346-361Margesin, R., Schinner, F., Marx, J.C., Gerday, C., (2008) Psychrophiles: From bodiversity to biotechnology, pp. 352-360. , (eds), Springer, Berlin, GermanyMaria, P.D., Carboni-Oerlemans, C., Tuin, B., Bargeman, G., Meer, A., Gemert, R., Biotechnological applications of Candida antarctica lipase A: state-of-the-art (2005) J Mol Catal B Enzym, 37, pp. 36-46Miller, G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for the production of reducing sugars (1959) Anal Chem, 31, pp. 426-620Ohta, K., Fujimoto, H., Fujii, S., Wakiyama, M., Cell-associated β-xylosidase from Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 20524: purification, properties, and characterization of the encoding gene (2010) J Biosci Bioeng, 110, pp. 152-157Onofri, S., Selbmann, L., Hoog, G.S., Grube, M., Barreca, D., Ruisi, S., Zucconi, L., Evolution and adaptation of fungi at boundaries of life (2007) Adv Space Res, 40, pp. 1657-1664Petrescu, I., Lamotte-Braaseur, J., Chessa, J.P., Ntarima, P., Claeyssens, M., Devreese, B., Marino, G., Gerday, C., Xylanase from the psychrophilic yeast Cryptococcus adeliae (2000) Extremophiles, 4, pp. 137-144Pointing, S.B., Qualitative methods for the determination of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by tropical fungi (1999) Fungal Divers, 2, pp. 17-33Quanfu, W., Yanhua, H., Yu, D., Peisheng, Y., Purification and biochemical characterization of a cold-active lipase from Antarctic sea ice bacteria Pseudoalteromonas sp. 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A Detailed Review on the Phytochemical Profiles and Anti-Diabetic Mechanisms of Momordica Charantia

Diabetes mellitus is the most well-known endocrine dilemma suffered by hundreds of million people globally, with an annual mortality of more than one million people. This high mortality rate highlights the need for in-depth study of anti-diabetic agents. This review explores the phytochemical contents and anti-diabetic mechanisms of (cucurbitaceae). Studies show that contains several phytochemicals that have hypoglycemic effects, thus, the plant may be effective in the treatment/management of diabetes mellitus. Also, the biochemical and physiological basis of anti-diabetic actions is explained. exhibits its anti-diabetic effects via the suppression of MAPKs and NF-κβin pancreatic cells, promoting glucose and fatty acids catabolism, stimulating fatty acids absorption, inducing insulin production, ameliorating insulin resistance, activating AMPK pathway, and inhibiting glucose metabolism enzymes (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and glucose-6-phosphatase). Reviewed literature was obtained from credible sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science

Taxonomic assessment and enzymes production by yeasts isolated from marine and terrestrial Antarctic samples

The aim of the present study was to investigate the taxonomic identity of yeasts isolated from the Antarctic continent and to evaluate their ability to produce enzymes (lipase, protease and xylanase) at low and moderate temperatures. A total of 97 yeast strains were recovered from marine and terrestrial samples collected in the Antarctica. The highest amount of yeast strains was obtained from marine sediments, followed by lichens, ornithogenic soils, sea stars, Salpa sp., algae, sea urchin, sea squirt, stone with lichens, Nacella concinna, sea sponge, sea isopod and sea snail. Data from polyphasic taxonomy revealed the presence of 21 yeast species, distributed in the phylum Ascomycota (n = 8) and Basidiomycota (n = 13). Representatives of encapsulated yeasts, belonging to genera Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus were recovered from 7 different Antarctic samples. Moreover, Candida glaebosa, Cryptococcus victoriae, Meyerozyma (Pichia) guilliermondii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and R. laryngis were the most abundant yeast species recovered. This is the first report of the occurrence of some species of yeasts recovered from Antarctic marine invertebrates. Additionally, results from enzymes production at low/moderate temperatures revealed that the Antarctic environment contains metabolically diverse cultivable yeasts, which could be considered as a target for biotechnological applications. Among the evaluated yeasts in the present study 46.39, 37.11 and 14.43 % were able to produce lipase (at 15 A degrees C), xylanase (at 15 A degrees C) and protease (at 25 A degrees C), respectively. The majority of lipolytic, proteolytic and xylanolytic strains were distributed in the phylum Basidiomycota and were mainly recovered from sea stars, lichens, sea urchin and marine sediments.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP