Effects of Different Light Curing Units/Modes on the Microleakage of Flowable Composite Resins

Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different light curing units and modes on microleakage of flowable composite resins. Methods Eighty Class V cavities were prepared in buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 extracted human premolars with cervical wall located in dentin and the occlusal wall in enamel. These teeth were randomly assigned into two groups (n=20) and restored with different flowable composites; Group I: Esthet-X Flow, Group II: Grandio Flow. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups; while the samples of the first subgroup were polymerized with conventional Halogen light, the rest of them were polymerized with different curing modes of Light Emitting Diode (LED). The second subgroup was polymerized with fast-curing; the third subgroup with pulse-curing and those of the fourth subgroup with step-curing modes of LED. After the samples were thermocycled and immersed in dye, they were longitudinally sectioned. Dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results None of the restorations showed leakage on enamel margins. On dentin margins no significant differences were observed between flowable composite resins polymerized with halogen light (P>.05). While step curing mode of LED presented significant differences between the resins, the difference was insignificant when fast-curing and pulse-curing mode of LED were used. No statistically significant differences were observed between curing units for Esthet-X Flow samples. For Grandio Flow samples, only step-curing mode of LED caused statistically higher leakage scores than halogen and other curing modes of LED (P<.05). Conclusions The effect of curing units’ type and curing mode on flowable composite resin leakage might be material-dependent.PubMe

Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation – analysing the European Liver Transplant Registry and beyond

Liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) can be complicated by recurrence of PSC (rPSC). This may compromise graft survival but the effect on patient survival is less clear. We investigated the effect of post-transplant rPSC on graft and patient survival in a large European cohort. Registry data from the European Liver Transplant Registry regarding all first transplants for PSC between 1980 and 2015 were supplemented with detailed data on rPSC from 48 out of 138 contributing transplant centres, involving 1,549 patients. Bayesian proportional hazards models were used to investigate the impact of rPSC and other covariates on patient and graft survival. Recurrence of PSC was diagnosed in 259 patients (16.7%) after a median follow-up of 5.0 years (quantile 2.5%-97.5%: 0.4–18.5), with a significant negative impact on both graft (HR 6.7; 95% CI 4.9–9.1) and patient survival (HR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5–3.3). Patients with rPSC underwent significantly more re-transplants than those without rPSC (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.7–4.8). PSC recurrence has a negative impact on both graft and patient survival, independent of transplant-related covariates. Recurrence of PSC leads to higher number of re-transplantations and a 33% decrease in 10-year graft survival

Alternative Splicing at a NAGNAG Acceptor Site as a Novel Phenotype Modifier

Approximately 30% of alleles causing genetic disorders generate premature termination codons (PTCs), which are usually associated with severe phenotypes. However, bypassing the deleterious stop codon can lead to a mild disease outcome. Splicing at NAGNAG tandem splice sites has been reported to result in insertion or deletion (indel) of three nucleotides. We identified such a mechanism as the origin of the mild to asymptomatic phenotype observed in cystic fibrosis patients homozygous for the E831X mutation (2623G>T) in the CFTR gene. Analyses performed on nasal epithelial cell mRNA detected three distinct isoforms, a considerably more complex situation than expected for a single nucleotide substitution. Structure-function studies and in silico analyses provided the first experimental evidence of an indel of a stop codon by alternative splicing at a NAGNAG acceptor site. In addition to contributing to proteome plasticity, alternative splicing at a NAGNAG tandem site can thus remove a disease-causing UAG stop codon. This molecular study reveals a naturally occurring mechanism where the effect of either modifier genes or epigenetic factors could be suspected. This finding is of importance for genetic counseling as well as for deciding appropriate therapeutic strategies

International Liver Transplantation Society Global Census:First Look at Pediatric Liver Transplantation Activity Around the World

Background. Over 16 000 children under the age of 15 died worldwide in 2017 because of liver disease. Pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is currently the standard of care for these patients. The aim of this study is to describe global PLT activity and identify variations between regions. Methods. A survey was conducted from May 2018 to August 2019 to determine the current state of PLT. Transplant centers were categorized into quintile categories according to the year they performed their first PLT. Countries were classified according to gross national income per capita. Results. One hundred eight programs from 38 countries were included (68% response rate). 10 619 PLTs were performed within the last 5 y. High-income countries performed 4992 (46.4%) PLT, followed by upper-middle- (4704 [44·3%]) and lower-middle (993 [9·4%])-income countries. The most frequently used type of grafts worldwide are living donor grafts. A higher proportion of lower-middle-income countries (68·7%) performed ≥25 living donor liver transplants over the last 5 y compared to high-income countries (36%; P = 0.019). A greater proportion of programs from high-income countries have performed ≥25 whole liver transplants (52.4% versus 6.2%; P = 0.001) and ≥25 split/reduced liver transplants (53.2% versus 6.2%; P &lt; 0.001) compared to lower-middle-income countries. Conclusions. This study represents, to our knowledge, the most geographically comprehensive report on PLT activity and a first step toward global collaboration and data sharing for the greater good of children with liver disease; it is imperative that these centers share the lead in PLT.</p

The Metabolic Relationships between Probiotics and Fatty Acids

3rd International Conference on Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (ICCESEN) -- OCT 19-24, 2016 -- Antalya, TURKEYWOS: 000413982900003Probiotics are alive bacteria that have a healthy effect on the hosts and are found in large quantities in the soil and foods. The most recommended probiotics as commercial are the some species of Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp., and Streptococcus sp. The fatty acids are formed by the colonic gut flora from dietary fibres, which manage to escape the host's enzymatic digestive systems in the small intestine. Dietary fibres that manage to reach the large intestine are available for several bacterial fermentative reactions. The fermentation of the different dietary fibres leads to an increase in concentrations of several short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, propionate and acetate, in the lumen of the proximal regions of the large intestine. In this review, we acquainted that the relationship between fatty acids and probiotic bacteria affects some various health ailments

Linalool improve biochemical damage and fatty acids composition of testes on fasting male rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate fatty acids compositions, oxidative stress levels and some antioksidant levels in the testes of 24 h fasted rats and linalool application. Adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned as Control (C), 24 h fasted (24 h F) group and added linalool (120 mg kg-1) during 24 h fasted (24 h F+L) groups. After applications, the animals were killed and the testes were excised for determination of tissue malondialdehyde, Glutation Peroxidase (GSH-Px), the activity of superoxide dismutase and determination of tissue fatty acids compositions. The activites of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in testicular tissue specimens were determined spectrophotometrically. The fatty acid compositons in the testes were analyzed as percent by gas chromatography (GC). Researchers calculated between C 16:0 (palmitic acid) andC22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid) fatty acids in the testes of all experimental groups. Treatment with fasted rats resulted in a significant reduction inC16:l (palmitoleate) fatty acids when compared to the control rats (p&lt;0.05). C16:l fatty acids were higher in linalool application than fasted groups (p&lt;0.05). C22:4 (docosatetraenoic Acid), C22:5 (docosapentaenoic acid), C22:6 n3 (docosahexaenoic acid) fatty acids were lower in the fasted group than the control group. In addition, C22:4, C22:5, C22:6 fatty acids compositions in the linalool treatment group were higher than the fasted group (p&lt;0.05). Saturated fatty acids levels in all experiment groups were not change as statistically (p&gt;0.05). SOD and GSH-Px levels in the fasted rats were statistically lower than control groups (p&lt;0.05). Both SOD and GSH-Px levels in the linalool application groups were not statistically a change compared to fasted groups (p&gt;0.05). In addition, MDA levels in the fasted groups were higher than control groups. Besides, MDA levels in the linalool application groups were lower compared to fasted groups (p&lt;0.05). These findings indicate that fasted state has oxidative effects on testicular tissue and linalool has protective effects on male reproductive system. © Medwell Journals, 2011

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Aeromonas sobria and antibacterial activity against fish pathogens

4th International Conference on Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (ICCESEN) -- OCT 04-08, 2017 -- Kemer, TURKEYWOS: 000478894500021Fish diseases are a major obstacle to the development of the fisheries industry. Aeromonas sobria is an infectious waterborne bacterium that causes ulcers, tail rot and hemorrhagic septicemia in fishes and resistant to many existing antibiotics. In this context, A. sobria-AgNPs were synthesized by A. sobria using AgNO3. A. sobria-AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and a peak was obtained at a range of 420-480 nm. A. sobria-AgNPs were evaluated for antibacterial activities against different fish pathogens. The highest antibacterial activity was observed against A. hydrophila, E. cloacae and E. coli. The lower activity was found against C. braakii and E. hermannii, but against H. alvei, P. rettger and M. morganii subsp. sibonii no zone of inhibition was recorded. The results indicated that the A. sobria-AgNPs can be used to develop antibacterial agent and as a therapeutic agent in the fishing industry and water disinfection. The antibacterial efficacy against the fish pathogen A. hydrophila of silver nanoparticles is a hope for possible application as a disinfectant or antimicrobial agent for better fish health management.Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitAhi Evran University [FEF.E2.17.038]This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number FEF.E2.17.038

The Presence of Metals and Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria in Arable Manure Soils

3rd International Conference on Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (ICCESEN) -- OCT 19-24, 2016 -- Antalya, TURKEYWOS: 000412881200046Heavy metals and antibiotics resistance are intense public interest owing to their pollution in the environment and potential deleterious effects on human health. A total of 15 isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (50 manure garden soils) were tested for their resistance against certain heavy metals and antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of Pb2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ for each isolate were also determined. B. subtilis, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli exhibited high tolerance to minimum inhibitory concentrations of 3,200 mu g/ml for Pb2+, 400 mu g/ml for Cu2+ and Co2+, and 100 mu g/ml for Zn2+ in agar plates. All the isolates were highly resistant to lead and they showed 100% growth in 3,200 mu g/ml concentration. It was observed that all isolates were resistant to a wide range of antibiotics namely clindamycin, ceftazidime, aztreonam and vancomycin

Effect of Heavy Metals and Antibiotics on Siderophores Producing Bacterial Isolates

2nd International Conference on Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (ICCESEN) -- OCT 14-19, 2015 -- Kemer, TURKEYWOS: 000384810700047In this study, siderophore-producing bacterial species have been isolated from soils contaminated with diesel oil. In P. aeruginosa (P-7) production of siderophores was inhibited at concentrations of ZnSO4 and CoCl2 of 2000 mu M, while B. subtilis (BS-1) has increased siderophores production at similar concentrations of CoCl 2 and ZnSO4. The same bacteria have increased the production of siderophores in presence of streptomycine (512 mg/ml). In B. subtilis the production of siderophores was inhibited by cefuroxime. The results show the effect of metals on the efficiency of siderophore production by bacteria for potential application in bioremediation of metalcontaminated iron-deficient soils in the microbial assisted phytoremediation processes. The results include the effect of metals on siderophore production efficiency of the bacteria used for the bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils. In conclusion, it has been found that heavy metals and antibiotics significantly effect the production of siderophores by bacteria