The fathers of infants born to adolescent mothers: a comparison with non-parenting male peers and adolescent mothers

This study examined social-emotional variables and views of parenting of fathers of infants born to adolescent mothers. Participants were a convenience sample of 15 fathers of infants born to adolescent mothers, 15 age-matched non-parenting male peers, and 15 adolescent mothers. Data collected included demographic information, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, social support, parenting satisfaction, and general life satisfaction. Additionally, a semi-structured interview that focused on the subjects\u27 views about parenting was conducted. Results showed significant differences between fathers and non-fathers and between fathers and adolescent mothers. Fathers reported less support from friends and the community, lower general life satisfaction, and lower self-esteem than the non-parenting male peers. Fathers reported lower general life satisfaction than the adolescent mothers. Results from interviews indicated that the majority of the fathers and non-fathers view parenthood as increased responsibility whereas the adolescent mothers reported that parenthood made them more mature and kept them out of trouble. Overall, the majority of fathers reported enjoying their children though results suggested that their level of emotional well-being is lower than that of the non-parenting male peers

The Power of Prayer

If words are arbitrary, how does prayer have power?” is the question of inquiry in this paper. An unobtrusive Content Analysis inquiry methodology was used to answer this question. The answer lies in the finding that words and thoughts are not the same thing, and our thoughts expand beyond the audible and visible. The implication for professional practice these findings present is that a deeper awareness of “Self” is needed to understand people’s miraculous way of resolving conflict via prayer

The influence of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on the immune response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

The present work examined the effects of dietary (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA ratios in Atlantic salmon parr on, firstly, the fatty acid composition of lipids in peripheral blood cells and immunocompetent tissues and secondly, disease resistance. No notable differences in physiological and immunological parameters were observed between fish fed different (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA diets, except for a significantly higher number of responding B cells in kidney and spleen of the fish fed high (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA diet. The protective vaccination of the groups of fish on the different (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA ratio diets was inconclusive, but significantly more salmon died in the low (n-3)/(n-6) group when non-vaccinated fish were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. Lipid class composition of lipids from leucocytes, erythrocytes and .serum were all found to be independent of diet, while component fatty acids were definitely influenced by dietary PUFA. Total fatty acids of the erythrocyte lipid were always high in (n-3) PUFA. Leucocyte lipid, by comparison, contained higher levels of saturated and monocnoic fatty acids, particularly 18:1 (n-9). The overall (n-6) PUFA unsaturation was higher in the lipid of leucocytes than the erythrocytes and leucocytes incorporated greater proportions of dietary 18:2(n-6) into their lipid than erythrocytes. Levels of 18:2(n-6) in the lipid of .serum and leucocytes from (n-6) PUFA fed fish began to rise after four weeks on the diet, and increased steadily until a (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA ratio of 0.8 was maintained after 16 weeks. Erythrocytes did not show diet induced modification until 8-16 weeks, at which point 18;2(n-6) fatty acid levels were observed to plateau. Influences of dietary fatty acid composition were most evident in the PC and PE fractions. Dietary 18:2(n-6) fatty acid incorporation was greater in the lipids of the lymphoid organ tissues than in leucocytes isolated from these tissues. Lymphoid tissues from (n-3) dietary group fish possessed higher (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA ratios than their leucocytes, while (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA ratios were found to be similar between the lymphoid tissues and their corresponding leucocytes of the (n-6) PUFA dietary group. Lipid from headkidney macrophages of Atlantic salmon was higher in phospholipids than headkidney leucocytes and T and B-cells, while their fatty acid profiles were similar. Comparisons of salmon parr were made with a warm water species of fish and a mammalian species. The fatty acid composition of rabbit cell lipid reflected their dietary 18:2(n-6) intake, whereas the fish had high levels of (n-3) PUFA. Erythrocytes and leucocytes of African catfish had similar fatty acid compositions, while Atlantic salmon erythrocytes contained a higher degree of 22:6(n-3) fatty acid than did the leucocytes. T3ic leucocyte lipid of salmon contained higher levels of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids than the catfish leucocytes. The lipid class and fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon erythrocytes and leucocytes were unaffected by water temperature, except for a higher PE level in the erythrocytes of cold water acclimated fish. When salmon leucocytes were cultured in vino, the lipid composition of the leucocytes was unaffected by FCS or fish serum when these were used as medium supplements. The rate of incoiporation of exogenous fatty acids into the peripheral blood leucocytes was influenced by metabolic temperature. Greatest incorporation of exogenous fatty acids by fish peripheral blood leucocytes occurred within the first day of incubation, but peaked around day 2 when cells were cultured at 15 C, and day 5 when incubated at 4°C. Kidney and blood leucocytes incorporated greater amounts of 20:4(n-6) and 18:l(n-9) fatty acid into their lipid than those from thymus and spleen, but all leucocytes displayed a preference for 20:4(n-6) and 18:l(n-9) fatty acids over 20:S(n-S), 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3). The study suggests that the lymphoid system of salmon is predisposed to (n-6) PUFA despite the natural abundance of (n-3) PUFA in the lipids of salmon diets and tissues

Endocytic Sorting and Downregulation of the M2 Acetylcholine Receptor is Regulated by Ubiquitin and the ESCRT Complex

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Professor Mark von Zastrow from the University of California, San Francisco for sharing critical constructs. We would like to thank Kevin MacKenzie and the University of Aberdeen Microscopy core and the Iain Fraser Flow cytometry core for their assistance in the acquisition of data, and Professor Lynda Erskine for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by a PhD studentship from the University of Aberdeen (DZ) and by funding from the Royal Society and Tenovus Scotland (JNH)Peer reviewedPostprin

An Examination of Privacy Rules for Academic Advisors and College Student-Athletes: A Communication Privacy Management Perspective

This study explored how academic advisors managed revealed private information from college student-athletes. The 37 academic advisors were interviewed to address: What criteria advisors use to judge privacy rules regulating access or protection of shared private information from student-athletes, and how privacy-rule choices function in this context? Academic advisors interviewed represented 21 different institutions of the four NCAA division levels and 10 separate athletic conferences. Using Communication Privacy Management theory as a framework, findings indicated there were two main criteria: motivations and risk-benefit ratios used to develop privacy rules managing revealing and concealing the student-athlete’s private information

Nowhere to room ... nobody told them’: logistical and cultural impediments to Aboriginal peoples’ participation in cancer treatment

Background. Cancer mortality among Indigenous Australians is higher compared to the non-Indigenous population and attributed to poor access to cancer detection, screening, treatment and support services. A large proportion of Indigenous Australians live in rural and remote areas which makes access to cancer treatment services more challenging. Factors, such as transport, accommodation, poor socio-economic status and cultural appropriateness of services also negatively affect health service access and, in turn, lead to poor cancer outcomes. Design, setting and participants. Qualitative research with 30 in-depth interviews was conducted with Aboriginal people affected by cancer from across WA, using a variety of recruitment approaches.Results. The infrastructure around the whole-of-treatment experience affected the decision-making and experiences of Aboriginal patients, particularly affecting rural residents. Issues raised included transport and accommodation problems, travel and service expenses, displacement from family, concerns about the hospital environment and lack of appropriate support persons. These factors are compounded by a range of disadvantages already experienced by Aboriginal Australians and are vital factors affecting treatment decision-making and access. Conclusion. To improve cancer outcomes for Aboriginal people, logistical, infrastructure and cultural safety issues must be addressed. One way of ensuring this could be by dedicated support to better coordinate cancer diagnostic and treatment services with primary healthcare services

Sharevision Collaboration Between High School Counselors and Athletic Educators to Stop LGBTQ Bullying

The purpose of the study was twofold: to explore how school counselors and athletic educators experienced implementing the 2010 Massachusetts Anti-bullying law and to explore how participants experienced using the Sharevision structured group reflection process as the format for group discussions. The Sharevision structured group reflection process provided the safety and support school counselors and athletic educators said they needed. Participants eagerly shared their experiences with one another. They used the Sharevision process to discuss the list of participant generated questions they posed during the individual interviews. They exchanged ideas and were able to generate new ways to respond to anti-LGBTQ bullying and gender-based harassment as a result of their reflective group discussions. The participants said that the Sharevision meetings relieved stress, were productive and inspired them to continue working together to take action on their ideas. After the study was over, members of the group met over the summer with the GSA Advisor to continue to work together. They designed and then co-facilitated their fall orientations for incoming students, athletes and parents proactively promoting diversity, their GSA and a positive LGBTQ school climate

Relationship between the adolescent father and his infant compared with those for the non-adolescent father and the adolescent mother

Family Relations and Child Developmen

Ploidy Controls the Success of Mutators and Nature of Mutations during Budding Yeast Evolution

SummaryBackgroundWe used the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ask how elevated mutation rates affect the evolution of asexual eukaryotic populations. Mismatch repair defective and nonmutator strains were competed during adaptation to four laboratory environments (rich medium, low glucose, high salt, and a nonfermentable carbon source).ResultsIn diploids, mutators have an advantage over nonmutators in all conditions, and mutators that win competitions are on average fitter than nonmutator winners. In contrast, haploid mutators have no advantage when competed against haploid nonmutators, and haploid mutator winners are less fit than nonmutator winners. The diploid mutator winners were all superior to their ancestors both in the condition they had adapted to, and in two of the other conditions. This phenotype was due to a mutation or class of mutations that confers a large growth advantage during the respiratory phase of yeast cultures that precedes stationary phase. This generalist mutation(s) was not selected in diploid nonmutator strains or in haploid strains, which adapt primarily by fixing specialist (condition-specific) mutations. In diploid mutators, such mutations also occur, and the majority accumulates after the fixation of the generalist mutation.ConclusionsWe conclude that the advantage of mutators depends on ploidy and that diploid mutators can give rise to beneficial mutations that are inaccessible to nonmutators and haploid mutators