THE EFFECTS OF A MOUNTAIN ON THE PROPAGATION OF PRE-EXISTING CONVECTION FOR DIFFERENT FROUDE NUMBER FLOW REGIMES

In this research, the tendency for squall lines to stagnate upstream of mountain ranges is investigated through a series of 2-dimensional, idealized simulations where the basic state wind was varied from 1 m s−1 to 20 m s−1. These simulations included a set of simulations with no pre-existing convection but with a mountain (MO), a set with pre-existing convection, but no mountain (SO), and a set with both the pre-existing convection and the mountain (SM). These simulations show stagnation is dependent on the Froude number of the basic state flow with stagnation appearing to occur for smaller Froude number flow regimes. For subcritical Froude number flow, the greatest precipitation accumulations were found well upstream of the mountain. This maximum in precipitation was larger than that for either the MO and SO simulations and, additionally, was farther upstream than the maxima in either of these simulations. For critical Froude number flow, the SM simulations exhibited two precipitation maxima. The upstream maximum was colocated with the precipitation maximum in the SO simulation, while the downstream maxima was colated with that in the MO simulation. Finally, for supercritical flow, the precipitation maximum in the SM simulation was positioned over the peak of the mountain. This maximum was smaller than in the MO simulation

Self-efficacy, performance and the role of blended learning

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the mathematics self-efficacy of students who are non-maths specialists. The project explores the student experience in the context of a maths module with a blended design, comprising both online content and face-to-face teaching. The aim was to reflect on the role of blended learning in this context. Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed-method analysis, the study uses data gathered via student surveys and discussion forums, as well as module grades, to provide evidence regarding whether the online component of the module enables students to master the required maths skills. The data are examined under four themes that emerged as critical to improving the self-efficacy of students: flexibility, the interactivity of the online platform, the module’s blended design and the functionality of the platform. Findings – The findings are that the blended approach increases academic self-efficacy in the area of mathematics, also enhancing the student experience. These benefits arise from the combination of allowing the individual mastery of technical skills in the private and stress-free environment provided by the online platform and access to social resources in the classroom setting. Originality/value – The paper details the influence of self-efficacy on academic performance and the effectiveness of a blended learning approach, in the area of mathematics. It provides insight into the importance of providing multiple opportunities for students to become autonomous as they develop academic self-confidence through the mastery of maths skills

FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE MECHANISMS OF THE STABLE LAYER OVER THE PO VALLEY DURING MAP IOP-8

During Mesoscale Alpine Program (MAP) IOP-8, a strong stable layer formed over the Po Valley and northern Ligurian Sea. Based on observations, reanalysis data and prior studies, we hypothesize that differential advection (Lin et al., 2005) led to the formation of the stable layer and differential advection along with blocking of cool easterly flow by the western flank of the Alps over the Po Valley played significant roles in the maintenance of the stable layer. Numerical sensitivity tests with the MM5 model were performed to examine these possible formation and maintenance mechanisms of the IOP-8 stable layer. When the western flank of the Alps was removed, the stable layer still formed, but eroded more quickly and became much shallower and narrower at the later stage of IOP-8, which is consistent with the hypothesis. It was also found that the Dinaric Alps and evaporative cooling did not play significant roles in forming and maintaining the stable layer

A study on bottom-spray granulation and its potential applications

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

EFFECTS OF MOIST FROUDE NUMBER AND OROGRAPHIC ASPECT RATIO ON A CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE FLOW OVER A MESOSCALE MOUNTAIN

A series of idealized simulations for an unsaturated, conditionally unstable flow over a two-dimensional mountain ridge were performed to investigate how the unsaturated moist Froude number (Fw) and the aspect ratio of mountain height to half-width (h/a), affect the propagation, cloud type and rainfall amount of orographically induced precipitation systems. The moist Froude number (Fw) was varied by increasing or decreasing the basic state wind speed (U) while the aspect ratio was varied by increasing or decreasing the mountain half-width (a). For low Fw flows, the flow is in an upstream propagating regime and shows little or no sensitivity to changes in a. For moderate or large values of Fw, the flow shifts more toward a downstream propagating regime as a is decreased (i. e. as h/a is increased). The domain integrated accumulated precipitation was not sensitive to the aspect ratio. For a fixed h/a, the flow shifts more toward a downstream propagating flow regime as Fw is increased, a result that is consistent with previous research. Additionally, the results show that there is an increase in the domain integrated precipitation as Fw is increased

New insight into the causes, consequences, and correction of hematopoietic stem cell aging

Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is characterized by lineage bias, increased clonal expansion, and functional decrease. At the molecular level, aged HSCs typically display metabolic dysregulation, upregulation of inflammatory pathways, and downregulation of DNA repair pathways. Cellular aging of HSCs, driven by cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors, causes a predisposition to anemia, adaptive immune compromise, myelodys, plasia, and malignancy. Most hematologic diseases are strongly associated with age. But what is the biological foundation for decreased fitness with age? And are there therapeutic windows to resolve age-related hematopoietic decline? These questions were the focus of the International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) New Investigator Committee Fall 2022 Webinar. This review touches on the latest insights from two leading laboratories into inflammatory- and niche-driven stem cell aging and includes speculation on strategies to prevent or correct age-related decline in HSC function

Land system science and sustainable development of the earth system: A global land project perspective

Land systems are the result of human interactions with the natural environment. Understanding the drivers, state, trends and impacts of different land systems on social and natural processes helps to reveal how changes in the land system affect the functioning of the socio-ecological system as a whole and the tradeoff these changes may represent. The Global Land Project has led advances by synthesizing land systems research across different scales and providing concepts to further understand the feedbacks between social-and environmental systems, between urban and rural environments and between distant world regions. Land system science has moved from a focus on observation of change and understanding the drivers of these changes to a focus on using this understanding to design sustainable transformations through stakeholder engagement and through the concept of land governance. As land use can be seen as the largest geo-engineering project in which mankind has engaged, land system science can act as a platform for integration of insights from different disciplines and for translation of knowledge into action