Taxonomy, Nomenclature, and Evolution of the Early Schubertellid Fusulinids

The types of the species belonging to the fusulinid genera Schubertella and Eoschubertella were examined from publications and type collections. Eoschubertella in general possesses all the features of Schubertella and therefore is a junior synonym of the latter. However, the concept of Eoschubertella best describes the genus Schubertina with its type species Schubertina curculi. Schubertina is closely related to the newly established genus Grovesella the concept of which is emended in this paper. Besides Schubertella, Schubertina, and Grovesella, the genera Mesoschubertella, Biwaella are reviewed and three new species, Grovesella nevadensis, Biwaella zhikalyaki, and Biwaella poletaevi, are described. The phylogenetic relationships of all Pennsylvanian—Cisuralian schubertellids are also proposed. Barrel-shaped Grovesella suggested being the very first schubertellid that appears sometimes in the middle—late Bashkirian time. In late Bashkirian it is then developed into ovoid to fusiform Schubertina. The latter genus gave rise into Schubertella in early Moscovian. First Fusiella derived from Schubertella in late Moscovian, Biwaella—in early Gzhelian and Boultonia—in late Gzhelian time. Genus Mesoschubertella also developed from Schubertella at least in Artinskian, but may be in late Sakmarian

Maintaining genetic integrity of coexisting wild and domestic populations : Genetic differentiation between wild and domestic Rangifer with long traditions of intentional interbreeding

The funding for the fieldwork and laboratory work for this study was provided by the ERC Advanced Grant 295458 Arctic Domus (PI D.G. Anderson). The writing and analysis was supported by ESRC ES-M0110548-1 JPI HUMANOR (PI D.G. Anderson). The sample set for Lake Nichatka was collected and deposited under a research programme of the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. We thank Liv Midthjell for skilful laboratory analyses, Konstantin Klokov for help sourcing statistics on Russian reindeer populations, and Jan Heggenes for useful comments on an earlier version of this paper. A full list of project participants is in Appendix 2.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A Latest Carboniferous Warming Spike Recorded by a Fusulinid-Rich Bioherm in Timor Leste: Implications for East Gondwana Deglaciation

During the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic Timor lay in the northern part of the north–south East Gondwana rift system along which the western margin of Australia later developed. Discovery of a latest Gzhelian bioherm in the central highlands of Timor Leste has implications for latest Carboniferous–earliest Permian climate history and deglaciation in basins further south in the rift system. Limestone outcrop of the Maubisse Formation near the village of Kulau is recognized as a bioherm with a massive lower unit, including reef framework at the base, and a bedded grainstone upper unit. The bioherm developed on a basalt substrate in warm shallow-water, as indicated by photozoan assemblages in the massive lower unit. Foraminifera belonging to 17 genera are recorded from the bioherm. These include representatives of the families Biseriamminidae, Biwaellidae, Bradyinidae, Cornuspiridae, Lasiodiscidae, Palaeotextulariidae, Pseudotaxidae, Ozawainellidae, Schubertellidae, Schwagerinidae, Staffellidae and Textrataxidae. Twenty-one species have been referred to known types and 12 species are left in open nomenclature. The assemblage probably belongs within the uppermost Gzhelian Schwagerina robusta–Ultradaixina bosbytauensis Zone although a possible lowest Asselian correlation cannot be excluded. The bioherm is the oldest carbonate unit so far recorded from the Maubisse Formation, and the oldest sedimentary unit biostratigraphically dated in Timor. The dominantly heterozoan composition of the skeletal component of the limestone (except for the basal photozoan assemblage) and the taxonomic diversity of the larger foraminifera suggest a subtropical environment consistent with a paleolatitude of about 40° S. The late Pennsylvanian was a time of glaciation that in Australia is represented by a significant stratigraphic hiatus in basins to the south of Timor in the East Gondwana rift system. The development of the Kulau bioherm during the latest Gzhelian may have coincided with a global warming spike that led to rapid melting of continental ice sheets and a substantial influx of glacigene sediment (alternating diamictite and mudstone) in the southern basins

Discovery of Shallow-Marine Biofacies Conodonts in a Bioherm Within the Carboniferous-Permian Transition in the Omalon Massif, NE Russia near the North Paleo-Pole: Correlation with a Warming Spike in the Southern Hemisphere

The conodont genera Hindeodus and Streptognathodus are reported for the first time within the Carboniferous-Permian transition in the northern high latitudes of the Paren’ River, Omolon Massif, NE Russia. Several fossil groups, including brachiopods, bivalves, scaphopods and microgastropods were found to be prolific in the invertebrate-dominated bioherms. These bioherms occur within predominantly siliciclastic sequences with extremely poor fauna, whereas in the studied bioherms the diversity of the bivalves and brachiopods exceeded observed diversity elsewhere in coeval facies in NE Russia. The bioherms are biostratigraphically constrained as uppermost Pennsylvanian to lowermost Cisuralian based on ammonoids. The very unusual peak of bivalve and brachiopod diversity and the occurrence of conodonts that require minimum sea water temperatures of at least 10-12 °C indicate a short lived, but significant warming event at that time, at least of provincial significance. This event most likely corresponds with a short-lived warming event recently discovered in the east of the southern hemisphere, in Timor and Australia. Thus, the event is possibly of global significance

Fundamental Aspects of Complex Rehabilitation of Middle- Aged Women in Overweight and i degree Obesity

В статье представлены результаты биоимпедансного исследования состава тела женщин среднего возраста с проблемами ожирения и избыточной массы тела, эффективности применения комплекса мероприятий с элементами физической реабилитации, оздоровительной физической культуры, эрготерапии, направленных на улучшение функционального состояния обследуемых. Задачи работы – оценить функциональное состояние и уровень мотивации к выздоровлению женщин среднего возраста при избыточной массе тела и ожирении первой степени, на основании полученных результатов разработать программу комплексной реабилитации для женщин, основанную на использовании мероприятий оздоровительной физической культуры, физической реабилитации и эрготерапевтических мероприятий, оценить эффективность воздействия разработанной программы. Установлено, что применение комплекса мероприятий физической реабилитации является эффективным для женщин среднего возраста при избыточной массе тела и ожирении первой степени. This article presents the results of bio-impedance study of body composition of middle-aged women with problems of obesity and excess weight, the efficacy of a complex of actions with elements of physical rehabilitation, health-improving physical training, ergotherapy aimed at improving the functional status of women. Tasks of work: to assess the functional status and the level of motivation to cure women of middle age with overweight and obesity of the first degree. Based on these results to develop a comprehensive rehabilitation program for women based on the use of measures of improving physical training, physical rehabilitation and ergotherapeutic events and evaluate the effectiveness of the impact of the developed program. It was found that the use of a set of measures of physical rehabilitation is effective for middle-aged women in overweight and obesity of the first degree

Climate- and Eustasy-Driven Cyclicity in Pennsylvanian Fusulinid Assemblages, Donets Basin (Ukraine)

A model of cyclic recurrence (~ 0.6–1.2 myr) of three fusulinid assemblages in the Middle Pennsylvanian siliciclastic–carbonate succession of the Donets Basin is proposed. Each cycle records progressive turnover of assemblages in shallow marine environments in response to sea-level and regional climate change. A Hemifusulina-assemblage (A), adapted to cooler and reduced salinity seawater records the onset of sea level rise accompanied by humid climatic conditions. Sea level high stand is captured by the Beedeina–Neostaffella–Ozawainella–Taitzehoella (or Beedeina-dominated) assemblage (B), characteristic of relatively deeper-water environments. The B assemblage is successively replaced by the most diverse population of the warm-water Fusulinella-dominated assemblage (C). This assemblage, which occurs in the upper limestones of each fusulinid cycle records the onset of sea level fall accompanied by a shift to drier conditions and likely increased seawater salinity. The proposed model permits robust interbasinal correlation of the Pennsylvanian successions of the Tethyan realm. Fusulinids of the A and C2 assemblages are the most provincial and therefore the most useful for paleogeographic reconstructions. Specifically, they delineate originally contiguous regions that subsequently were dispersed hundreds to thousands of kilometers, whereas fusulinids of the B assemblage hold the highest potential for global correlation. Extinction at the Moscovian–Kasimovian transition of fusulinid genera of the A and B assemblages, which inhabited predominately cooler and normal salinity (perhaps hyposaline) waters, can be explained by the onset of global warming in the earliest Late Pennsylvanian. Fusulinid assemblages define various types of distribution patterns that differ by tectonic setting of the studied basins suggesting that fusulinid assemblage patterns hold potential for reconstructing the paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Pennsylvanian basins of eastern Laurasia

Measurements of Platinum Electrode Potential in Blood and Blood Plasma and Serum

The method of electrochemical pretreatment of platinum electrode with the goal of standardizing the initial state of electrode surface and its open-circuit potential (OCP) in the blood and other biological media is proposed. The platinum electrode potential is measured in 0.14 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution, in the blood and blood plasma and serum. By the examples of OCP measured in the blood serum of patients with acute poisoning, acute cerebral pathology and patients treated by the method of hyperbaric oxygenation, it was found that the values of blood serum OCP were different for studied pathological states and healthy people

Coming Back to the Same Places: The Ethnography of Human-Reindeer Relations in the Northern Baikal Region

This article is based on the results of recent fieldwork among the Evenk reindeer herders in the northern Baikal region. It argues that reindeer domestication should be approached as a never-ending process that happens in the context of animal and human movement and can be described as domestication-in-practice and domestication-on-the-move. An important signal of the fact that animals became closer to people is their constant return to a camp. This article presents the ethnography of how people try to facilitate these returns by feeding reindeer with salt, producing smoke and binding calves to stakes and poles. On the one hand, animals periodically come back to a camp. On the other hand, reindeer herders know the places to which the animals return outside the camp and this helps them to find reindeer in certain places. Reindeer herding in the northern Baikal region is based on constant relocation of the herd from place to place, implying daily short-term movement in order to bring animals to the camp and meaning a continuous monitoring of reindeer and predator movements

High-Resolution δ\u3csup\u3e13\u3c/sup\u3eC\u3csub\u3ecarb\u3c/sub\u3e Chemostratigraphy from Latest Guadalupian Through Earliest Triassic in South China and Iran

Large carbon cycle perturbations are associated with the end-Permian mass extinction and subsequent recovery, but Late Permian (Lopingian) carbon cycle dynamics prior to the mass extinction event remain poorly documented. Here we present a high-resolution δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphic framework from latest Guadalupian to earliest Triassic time, calibrated with high-resolution conodont biostratigraphy and high-precision geochronology. We observe two large negative excursions in δ13Ccarb, the first in uppermost Guadalupian strata and the second at the end of the Changhsingian stage, and between these events distinctive excursions from the middle Wuchiapingian to the early Changhsingian. The end-Changhsingian excursion represents a major reorganization of the global carbon cycle associated with the end-Permian mass extinction. However, the extent to which the end-Guadalupian and Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary excursions result from local versus global controls remains unresolved. Regardless of their underlying causes, these three excursions provide chemostratigraphic markers for global correlation of Lopingian strata