Challenges of Parents of Youth with Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Introduction: A patient with antisocial personality disorder can impoverish the energy of the family and might cause the occurrence or aggravation of psychosomatic disorders in the family members especially parents. Therefore, determining the challenges for this group of parents can create a context for appropriate planning to meet their needs. The present study aimed to explore the challenges faced by parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder. Methods: This study employed a qualitative research design with a content analysis approach. The participants were 12 parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder from Shahrekord who were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. The collected data were first recorded and then analyzed using conventional content analysis method. Results: The results of the present study revealed 5 themes and 10 categories including social isolation (parental rejection and social discredit), inadequate control and management (the parents’ inability to control the situation and the patient’s behaviors), homelessness (family’s frustration and indifference to those around the patient), constant distress (parental concerns and support), and helplessness (unsuccessful effort to control and treat the patient and mother’s mental and psychological suffering). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder face many challenges to deal with the patients and control the conditions that require the attention of health care providers, including psychiatric nurses

The effect of rehabilitation program on mechanical efficiency, heat rate and Vo2max in spastic children

AbstractAim and scope: Cerebral palsy (CP) Children are generally characterised by some movement limitations physiological abnormalities that compromised with able- bodied people. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indexes before and after exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able- bodied children (control group). Material and Methods: In this study fifteen spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in exercise-rehabilitation program (three days a week for three month) with 144bpm of average of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of exercise program on cycle ergometer according to Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group performed this protocol and were compared via statical spss (P<0.05). Results: Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in cp patients after exercise-rehabilitation program, but yet it was lower than control group (P<0.05). Rest and submaximal heart rate in cp patients decreased significantly after exercise program (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption was similar in patients and normal groups and not changed in patients after exercise-rehabilitation program (P>0.05). Conclusion: cerebral palsy patients have higher energy cost and lower physical fitness than able bodied people that is because of high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity and involuntarily movements. The rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function in cerebral palsy patients and increases their mechanical efficiency

The Effect of Happiness Training Based on Fordyce Model on Perceived Stress in the Mothers of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate.

Introduction: A child afflicted with facial deformities such as cleft lip and palate usually affects their parents, because of difficulties in nutrition, speech, aesthetics and social connections, and also imposing a lot of stress on them. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a happiness program on the perceived stress in the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study in which 64 mothers of children with cleft lip and palate were divided by simple random sampling into intervention and control groups (n=64). The program of happiness training was implemented within 10 sessions and the questionnaires of demographics and Cohen perceived stress were filled out prior to and two months after the last session in intervention group. Data analysis was done using SPSS Ver.13. Results: Independent t-test indicated a significant difference in the perceived stress mean score after training in the intervention and control groups. Also paired t-test indicated a significant difference in perceived stress mean score before and after training in the intervention group, but the difference was not statistically significant for the control group. Conclusion: Considering the effect of happiness program on reducing stress in the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate, it is recommended that this model can be used as an intervention in the maternal care for more involvement in the process of treatment and care of their child, in addition to reduce psychological problems in the parents

The effect of rehabilitation program on mechanical efficiency, heat rate and Vo2max in spastic children

AbstractAim and scope: Cerebral palsy (CP) Children are generally characterised by some movement limitations physiological abnormalities that compromised with able- bodied people. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indexes before and after exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able- bodied children (control group). Material and Methods: In this study fifteen spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in exercise-rehabilitation program (three days a week for three month) with 144bpm of average of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of exercise program on cycle ergometer according to Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group performed this protocol and were compared via statical spss (P<0.05). Results: Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in cp patients after exercise-rehabilitation program, but yet it was lower than control group (P<0.05). Rest and submaximal heart rate in cp patients decreased significantly after exercise program (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption was similar in patients and normal groups and not changed in patients after exercise-rehabilitation program (P>0.05). Conclusion: cerebral palsy patients have higher energy cost and lower physical fitness than able bodied people that is because of high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity and involuntarily movements. The rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function in cerebral palsy patients and increases their mechanical efficiency

Effect of Orem's Self-Care Model on Perceived Stress in Adolescents with Asthma Referring the Asthma and Allergy Clinic, Isfahan, 2014.

BACKGROUND Incidence of asthma in adolescents leads to variations in family status, roles and interaction with peers for them, which could be a source of stress and psychological tensions in them. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Orem's self-care model on perceived stress in adolescents with asthma. METHODS In this semi-experimental study conducted from April 2013 to February 2014, 64 asthmatic adolescents referring Shariati Hospital, Isfahan were enrolled by simple random sampling and the patients were assigned to two groups of control and intervention. Then, Orem's self-care model-based training was implemented throughout eight sessions of two hours each and the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale was administered to both groups prior to and two months after the completion of the training. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics consisting of paired t-test, independent t-test, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney using SPSS Version 20. RESULTS Mean age of the participants was 14.15±3.12 years in the intervention group and 15.21±3.09 years in the control groups. 68.8% and 59.4% of the participants were male in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Independent t-test indicated a significant difference in the mean scores of perceived stress in the intervention (25.46±5.31) and control groups (28.90±5.27) after the training. Also, the result of paired t-test indicated a significant difference in the mean score of perceived stress between before (29.18±5.27) and after (25.46±5.31) training. CONCLUSION As the training based on Orem's model had a positive effect on declining perceived stress in asthmatic adolescents, continuation of using these training interventions could contribute to ultimately achieving positive outcomes in health functions of these patients

Fordyce Happiness Program and Happiness in Mothers of Children with a Cleft Lip and Palate.

INTRODUCTION Facial deformities and aesthetic and functional anomalies in children may be a cause of real distress in families. Problems faced by parents in coping with a child's anomaly can be upsetting and lead parents to exhibit over-severe behavior. The present study was conducted in order to study the effect of happiness program on the happiness of the mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this semi-experimental study, 64 mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate enrolled by convenience random sampling were assigned to an intervention or control group based on a simple random sampling. Then, a program of happiness training was implemented consisting of 10 sessions of 2 hours each. A demographic questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were completed prior to and 2 months after the last session of intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, consisting of a paired t-test, independent t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The independent t-test indicated a significant difference in mean happiness score after training between the intervention and control groups (P0.05). CONCLUSION In light of the efficacy of happiness training on the promotion of happiness in the mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate, this model is recommended as a healthcare intervention to decrease stress in mothers following the birth of an infant with a cleft lip and palate

Fordyce happiness program and performance in the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate referring healthcare team in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2015

AbstractBackground:Giving birth to a child with cleft lip and palate, as a crisis, can jeopardize the physical and mental health of parents, especially mothers, and affect their function.Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of happiness program on performance in the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate.Methods: In this semi experimental study, 64 mothers of children with cleft lip and palate referring healthcare team in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, were enrolled by simple random sampling, and the patients’ referring and assigned to two groups of control and intervention. Then, the program of happiness training was implemented within 10 sessions of two hours each and performance Questionnaire were filled out prior to and two months after the last session. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics consisting of paired t test, independent t test, chi-square and Mann-Whitney in SPSS 20.Findings: Mean age of the mothers in intervention and control groups was 33.3±6.3 and 33.5±5.8 years, respectively, and Mean age of the children in intervention and control groups was 6.34±3.37 and 5.03±3.36 years. No significant differences in demographic variables between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). No significant differences in mean score of performance domains in the two groups before training (P &gt; 0.05). However after 2 months a significant difference in mean score of performance domains was observed between two groups (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore in intervention group showed significant differences in mean score of performance domains before and after intervention (P &lt; 0.05). However in the control group had not any significant change.   Conclusion: Given the effect of happiness program in promoting mothers performance for children with cleft lip and palate, this program can be used in healthcare centers to empower mothers and enhance performance in taking care of children

An analysis of the enablers effective on the implementation of the circular economy and Industry 4.0 in the supply chain

Circular economy and Industry 4.0 are concepts that have garnered significant attention from businesses and universities in recent years. They are currently being promoted by many governments worldwide. The synergy between these two concepts offers the potential to move towards a more sustainable society and address the environmental and economic challenges related to managing organizational operations. This research aims to analyze the factors enabling the implementation of circular economy and Industry 4.0 in the supply chain of Yazd glass factories. In the initial phase of the research, a review of various articles was conducted using the meta-synthesis method to identify and categorize relevant enablers. This process resulted in the identification of 15 enablers categorized into four dimensions: economic, human resources, organizational management, and infrastructure. In the subsequent step, the Fuzzy DEMATEL technique was employed to examine the cause-and-effect relationships. The findings indicate that, within the economic dimension, the most influential enablers are "budget allocation for the implementation of circular economy and Industry 4.0" and "stimulation of demand for circular products." In the human resources dimension, "training and development of employees" and "organizational culture" play crucial roles. In the organizational-management dimension, "support and commitment of senior management" and "cooperation and networking with supply chain partners (industrial coexistence)" are highly significant. Lastly, within the infrastructure dimension, "development of information technology standards and infrastructures" and "security and protection of intellectual property rights" are considered the most effective enablers for the implementation of circular economy and Industry 4.0 in the Yazd glass factories. The results indicate that the Ardakan glass factories of Yazd should prioritize attention to economic and infrastructural enablers when implementing circular economy and Industry 4.0. Introduction The concept of the circular economy can be regarded as a solution to reduce production costs within a sustainable supply chain. In this context, the integration of cyber-physical systems, big data, data mining, data analytics, the Internet of Things, and novel business models can offer significant opportunities for the creation of sustainable industrial value, value capture, and the promotion of the circular economy (Antikainen et al., 2018). Industry 4.0, often referred to as the future of supply chains, can have numerous implications for sustainability, including the optimal utilization of resources and technology (Quezada et al., 2017). Based on the sustainability axis, the concept of Industry 4.0 aids industrial managers in encompassing not only environmental protection and control initiatives but also aspects of process safety, such as resource efficiency, human resource and societal well-being, and the development of smarter and more flexible supply chain processes (Luthra & Mangla, 2018). Numerous studies have explored the factors that impact the implementation of circular economy and Industry 4.0, and these factors have been broadly classified into categories such as barriers, challenges, drivers, and enablers (Fedotkina et al., 2019). Identifying the enablers that are effective in implementation is a crucial step in enhancing the performance of a circular and intelligent supply chain. Until these enablers are identified, it is impossible to determine their relative importance. Following their identification, industry practitioners and policymakers can develop appropriate strategies for their implementation. As such, this current research aims to identify, categorize, and analyze the effective enablers for implementing circular economy and Industry 4.0 at the Ardakan Glass Factory in Yazd, which is the largest glass factory in West Asia. To achieve this, both a qualitative method for enabler identification and the technical Dimtel method using fuzzy logic for establishing cause-and-effect relationships between enablers are employed. What sets this research apart from others is its focus on identifying the combined enablers for implementing the circular economy and Industry 4.0 at the Ardakan Glass Factory Group of Yazd, as well as the network approach that examines the relationships and interactions between these enablers. Given these key elements, this research aims to address the following questions: -What are the effective enablers for implementing the circular economy and Industry 4.0 at the Ardakan glass factories in Yazd? -What is the effectiveness and influence, including cause-and-effect relationships, of these enablers? Materials and Methods This research is categorized as applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose and is classified as a field-library study in terms of its methodology. Its objective is to formulate a novel scientific model of enablers for implementing circular economy and Industry 4.0 within organizational supply chains. Given the significant number of qualitative articles that have explored the enablers of Industry 4.0 and the circular economy across various industries and the need to establish a shared understanding of these enablers, the first stage of this research involved identifying effective enablers using the meta-synthesis qualitative method. Their validity was assessed through content validity, which involved obtaining opinions from 15 organizational experts. In the second phase of the research, the researchers evaluated the effectiveness and impact of these enablers using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. The statistical population for the first stage of the research comprised all studies published in the Scopus database, the largest text database, related to the enablers that influence the implementation of circular economy and Industry 4.0 within organizational supply chains up until the commencement of this research. In the second stage of the research, the statistical population included all professors and managers with expertise in sustainability, familiar with circular economy, and knowledgeable about Industry 4.0 technologies at Ardakan Glass Factories in Yazd. For this phase, a purposeful sampling method was used to select ten participants. Discussion and Results The purpose of the current research is to analyze the enablers that are effective in implementing the circular economy and Industry 4.0 within the supply chain of Ardakan Glass Factories in Yazd. In the first stage of the research, various articles were reviewed, and the meta-combination method was employed to identify and categorize relevant enablers. This process led to the identification of 15 enablers across four dimensions: economic, human resources, organizational management, and infrastructure. In the second stage, the Fuzzy DEMATEL technique was utilized to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between these enablers. The research results revealed that the economic and infrastructural enablers are considered influential dimensions that affect human resources and organizational management dimensions. Within the economic dimension, "budget allocation for the implementation of the circular economy and Industry 4.0" and "stimulation of demand for circular products" emerged as the most effective enablers. Additionally, in the infrastructure dimension, "development of IT standards and infrastructure" was identified as the most influential enabler for the implementation of the circular economy and Industry 4.0 within the supply chain. In the organizational management dimension, "the support and commitment of senior management" was recognized as the most influential enabler. Conclusion While the enablers mentioned are considered among the most effective ones in implementing circular economy and Industry 4.0 in the Ardakan Glass Factories of Yazd, it's crucial for the glass industry to prioritize the most important enablers. It's essential to pay adequate attention to all identified enablers. Using specific guidelines and a checklist of effective enablers during decision-making can facilitate the decision-making process and enhance decision-making capabilities. Therefore, based on the identified enablers and their importance in this research, it's recommended to develop and provide guidelines and checklists for executive managers. Among the significant limitations of this research is the reliance on a single scientific database, Scopus, for sourcing research. It's advisable to supplement this by utilizing other databases such as Google Scholar and Web of Science. Additionally, the classification of enablers was conducted using a qualitative approach. Researchers are encouraged to name and categorize enablers using survey and quantitative methods, such as cluster analysis, to expand their research scope. Another limitation pertains to the research's statistical population, which was restricted to Ardakan Glass Factories in Yazd due to time and cost constraints. To generalize the research results, it's advisable to investigate the same research topic in other glass factories across the country. Future researchers could employ methods like fuzzy cognitive mapping and systems dynamics to examine relationships and interactions between enablers. Moreover, the enablers identified and analyzed in this research were primarily based on international studies. To adapt these enablers to the specific conditions of Iran's industries, it's suggested that in-depth interviews be conducted with industry owners. This way, certain enablers that may be unique to Iran's circumstances or require different interpretations can be revised

Examining the Causes of Russian Presence in the Middle East after the uprisings (with an emphasis on Syria)

The Wave of popular uprisings in the Arabic countries in the Middle East led to overthrow of governments in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen from one side and providing civil war in Syria from another side. Extension the uprisings in the region cause Russia attention to its Security, political and economic Preferences so at this time Russia fellow status quo approach in regard to Syria and it leads to Reciprocity and cooperation with some regional actors. This article will express the causes of expanding Russia's presence in the Middle East, especially after the revolutionary uprisings on the basis of Descriptive - analytic method and "offensive realism" theory. Results show that Russia's policy based on preventing the spreading uprisings into Eurasia, as well as play a greater role in international equations for vacuum left by the United States presence in the region and this policy shows reasons for divergence' and convergence' Russia with some regional actor

Challenges of parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Introduction: A patient with antisocial personality disorder can impoverish the energy of the family and might cause the occurrence or aggravation of psychosomatic disorders in the family members especially parents. Therefore, determining the challenges for this group of parents can create a context for appropriate planning to meet their needs. The present study aimed to explore the challenges faced by parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder. Methods: This study employed a qualitative research design with a content analysis approach. The participants were 12 parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder from Shahrekord who were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. The collected data were first recorded and then analyzed using conventional content analysis method. Results: The results of the present study revealed 5 themes and 10 categories including social isolation (parental rejection and social discredit), inadequate control and management (the parents’ inability to control the situation and the patient’s behaviors), homelessness (family’s frustration and indifference to those around the patient), constant distress (parental concerns and support), and helplessness (unsuccessful effort to control and treat the patient and mother’s mental and psychological suffering). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder face many challenges to deal with the patients and control the conditions that require the attention of health care providers, including psychiatric nurses