48,795 research outputs found
Sporting a new role: stadia and the real estate market
There has been a favourable shift in UK urban policy towards the use of sporting infrastructure as a catalyst for rejuvenating declining areas. Despite this recent trend, evidence to support the notion that stadia can underpin regeneration goals is highly variable. This paper uses a case study of the City of Manchester Stadium and the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to examine the impact of stadia construction on the real estate market, an area of economic development that has been significantly under-researched, yet which forms an integral part of the regeneration process. It concludes by arguing that a more comprehensive understanding of the role of stadia in the regeneration process is required if policy makers are to justify future and sustained public investment in sportrelated infrastructure, especially given the significant investment that is planned for the 2012 Olympic Games in London.</p
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The long and winding road: Routine creation and replication in multi-site organizations
Prior research on organizational routines in the âcapabilitiesâ literature has either studied how new routines are created during an exploratory process of variation and selection or how existing routines are replicated during a phase of exploitation. Few studies have analyzed the life cycle of new routine creation and replication as an integrated process. In an in-depth case study of Englandâs Highways Agency, this paper shows that the creation and replication of a new routine across multiple sites involves four sequential steps: envisioning, experimenting, entrenching and enacting. We contribute to the capabilities research in two ways: first, by showing how different organizational levels, capabilities and logics (cognitive and behavioural) shape the development of new routines; and second, by identifying how distinct evolutionary cycles of variation and selective retention occur during each step in the process. In contrast with prior research on replication as an exact copy of a template or existing routine, our study focuses on the replication of an entirely new routine (based on novel principles) that is adapted to fit local operational conditions during its large-scale replication across multiple sites. We draw upon insights from adjacent âpractice researchâ and suggest how capabilities and practice studies may complement each other in future research on the evolution of routines
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Implications of moderate altitude training for sea level endurance in elite distance runners
Elite distance runners participated in one of
two studies designed to investigate the e ects of mod-
erate altitude training (inspiratory partial pressure of
oxygen »115±125 mmHg) on submaximal, maximal and
supramaximal exercise performance following return to
sea-level. Study 1 (New Mexico, USA) involved 14
subjects who were assigned to a 4-week altitude training
camp (1500±2000 m) whilst 9 performance-matched
subjects continued with an identical training programme
at sea-level (CON). Ten EXP subjects who trained at
1640 m and 19 CON subjects also participated in study 2
(Krugersdorp, South Africa). Selected metabolic and
cardiorespiratory parameters were determined with the
subjects at rest and during exercise 21 days prior to
(PRE) and 10 and 20 days following their return to sea-
level (POST). Whole blood lactate decreased by 23%
(P < 0.05 vs PRE) during submaximal exercise in the
EXP group only after 20 days at sea-level (study 1).
However, the lactate threshold and other measures of
running economy remained unchanged. Similarly, su-
pramaximal performance during a standardised track
session did not change. Study 2 demonstrated that
hypoxia per se did not alter performance. In contrast, in
the EXP group supramaximal running velocity de-
creased by 2% (P < 0.05) after 20 days at sea-level.
Both studies were characterised by a 50% increase in the
frequency of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract
infections during the altitude sojourns, and two male
subjects were diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis
following their return to sea-level (study 1). Group mean
plasma glutamine concentrations at rest decreased by
19% or 143 (74) lM (P < 0.001) after 3 weeks at alti-
tude, which may have been implicated in the increased
incidence of infectious illness
Consumers' expenditure on sport in the UK: Increased spending or under-estimation?
The paper will present the findings of a consumer survey carried out in Sheffield in 1996/97 to demonstrate that spending on sport-related goods and services in the UK has been underestimated. It will argue that consumersâ expenditure on sport by residents in Sheffield was greater than anticipated from national estimates, largely due to methodological reasons rather than increased spending. The paper will illustrate that conventional approaches, which use published data sources to measure sport-related expenditure are firstly, not a valid measure of sports spending and secondly, have omitted several items of sport-related expenditure from current estimates. The paper will explore the implications of these findings for policy makers and managers of sport and leisure services and will suggest that a review of methods used to calculate consumer spending on sport is required in the future.</p
Stellar and Molecular Gas Kinematics of NGC1097: Inflow Driven by a Nuclear Spiral
We present spatially resolved distributions and kinematics of the stars and
molecular gas in the central 320pc of NGC1097. The stellar continuum confirms
the previously reported 3-arm spiral pattern extending into the central 100pc.
The stellar kinematics and the gas distribution imply this is a shadowing
effect due to extinction by gas and dust in the molecular spiral arms. The
molecular gas kinematics show a strong residual (i.e. non-circular) velocity,
which is manifested as a 2-arm kinematic spiral. Linear models indicate that
this is the line-of-sight velocity pattern expected for a density wave in gas
that generates a 3-arm spiral morphology. We estimate the inflow rate along the
arms. Using hydrodynamical models of nuclear spirals, we show that when
deriving the accretion rate into the central region, outflow in the disk plane
between the arms has to be taken into account. For NGC1097, despite the inflow
rate along the arms being ~1.2Msun/yr, the net gas accretion rate to the
central few tens of parsecs is much smaller. The numerical models indicate that
the inflow rate could be as little as ~0.06Msun/yr. This is sufficient to
generate recurring starbursts, similar in scale to that observed, every
20-150Myr. The nuclear spiral represents a mechanism that can feed gas into the
central parsecs of the galaxy, with the gas flow sustainable for timescales of
a Gigayear.Comment: accepted by Ap
Are There Magnetars in High Mass X-ray Binaries? The Case of SuperGiant Fast X-Ray Transients
In this paper we survey the theory of wind accretion in high mass X-ray
binaries hosting a magnetic neutron star and a supergiant companion.
We concentrate on the different types of interaction between the inflowing
wind matter and the neutron star magnetosphere that are relevant when accretion
of matter onto the neutron star surface is largely inhibited; these include the
inhibition through the centrifugal and magnetic barriers. Expanding on earlier
work, we calculate the expected luminosity for each regime and derive the
conditions under which transition from one regime to another can take place. We
show that very large luminosity swings (~10^4 or more on time scales as short
as hours) can result from transitions across different regimes.
The activity displayed by supergiant fast X-ray transients, a recently
discovered class of high mass X-ray binaries in our galaxy, has often been
interpreted in terms of direct accretion onto a neutron star immersed in an
extremely clumpy stellar wind. We show here that the transitions across the
magnetic and/or centrifugal barriers can explain the variability properties of
these sources as a results of relatively modest variations in the stellar wind
velocity and/or density. According to this interpretation we expect that
supergiant fast X-ray transients which display very large luminosity swings and
host a slowly spinning neutron star are characterized by magnetar-like fields,
irrespective of whether the magnetic or the centrifugal barrier applies.
Supergiant fast X-ray transients might thus provide a new opportunity to
detect and study magnetars in binary systems.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 16 pages, 6 figure
FliPer: Checking the reliability of global seismic parameters from automatic pipelines
Our understanding of stars through asteroseismic data analysis is limited by
our ability to take advantage of the huge amount of observed stars provided by
space missions such as CoRoT, Kepler, K2, and soon TESS and PLATO. Global
seismic pipelines provide global stellar parameters such as mass and radius
using the mean seismic parameters, as well as the effective temperature. These
pipelines are commonly used automatically on thousands of stars observed by K2
for 3 months (and soon TESS for at least around 1 month). However, pipelines
are not immune from misidentifying noise peaks and stellar oscillations.
Therefore, new validation techniques are required to assess the quality of
these results. We present a new metric called FliPer (Flicker in Power), which
takes into account the average variability at all measured time scales. The
proper calibration of FliPer enables us to obtain good estimations of global
stellar parameters such as surface gravity that are robust against the
influence of noise peaks and hence are an excellent way to find faults in
asteroseismic pipelines.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings for SF2A 2017 (Paris
The detection of FIR emission from high redshift star-forming galaxies in the ECDF-S
ABRIDGED: We have used the LABOCA Survey of the ECDF-S (LESS) to investigate
rest-frame FIR emission from typical SF systems (LBGs) at redshift 3, 4, and 5.
We initially concentrate on LBGs at z~3 and select three subsamples on stellar
mass, extinction corrected SF and rest-frame UV-magnitude. We produce composite
870micron images of the typical source in our subsamples, obtaining ~4sigma
detections and suggesting a correlation between FIR luminosity and stellar
mass. We apply a similar procedure to our full samples at z~3, 4, 4.5 and 5 and
do not obtain detections - consistent with a simple scaling between FIR
luminosity and stellar mass. In order to constrain the FIR SED of these systems
we explore their emission at multiple wavelengths spanning the peak of dust
emission at z~3 using the Herschel SPIRE observations of the field. We obtain
detections at multiple wavelengths for both our stellar mass and UV-magnitude
selected samples, and find a best-fit SED with T_dust in the ~33-41K range. We
calculate L_FIR, obscured SFRs and M_dust, and find that a significant fraction
of SF in these systems is obscured. Interestingly, our extinction corrected SFR
sample does not display the large FIR fluxes predicted from its red UV-spectral
slope. This suggests that the method of assuming an intrinsic UV-slope and
correcting for dust attenuation may be invalid for this sample - and that these
are not in fact the most actively SF systems. All of our z~3 samples fall on
the `main sequence' of SF galaxies at z~3 and our detected subsamples are
likely to represent the high obscuration end of LBGs at their epoch. We compare
the FIR properties of our subsamples with various other populations, finding
that our stellar mass selected sample shows similar FIR characteristics to SMGs
at the same epoch and therefore potentially represents the low L_FIR end of the
high redshift FIR luminosity function.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure, MNRAS accepted, corrected typos,
acknowledgements adde
NuSTAR hard X-ray data and Gemini 3D spectra reveal powerful AGN and outflow histories in two low-redshift Lyman- blobs
We have shown that Lyman- blobs (LABs) may still exist even at
, about 7 billion years later than most other LABs known (Schirmer et
al. 2016). Their luminous Ly and [OIII] emitters at offer
new insights into the ionization mechanism. This paper focuses on the two X-ray
brightest LABs at , SDSS J01130106 (J0113) and SDSS J11550147
(J1155), comparable in size and luminosity to `B1', one of the best-studied
LABs at 2. Our NuSTAR hard X-ray (3--30 keV) observations reveal
powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN) with -- erg cm s. J0113 also faded by a
factor of between 2014 and 2016, emphasizing that variable AGN may
cause apparent ionization deficits in LABs. Joint spectral analyses including
Chandra data constrain column densities of cm (J0113) and cm (J1155). J0113 is likely buried in
a torus with a narrow ionization cone, but ionizing radiation is also leaking
in other directions as revealed by our Gemini/GMOS 3D spectroscopy. The latter
shows a bipolar outflow over kpc, with a peculiar velocity profile that is
best explained by AGN flickering. X-ray analysis of J1155 reveals a weakly
absorbed AGN that may ionize over a wide solid angle, consistent with our 3D
spectra. Extinction corrected [OIII] log-luminosities are high, . The
velocity dispersions are low, -- km s, even at the AGN
positions. We argue that this is a combination of high extinction hiding the
turbulent gas, and previous outflows that have cleared the escape paths for
their successors.Comment: 15 pages, 17 Figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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