54,916 research outputs found
Nonlinear conductance quantization in graphene ribbons
We present numerical studies of non-linear conduction in graphene nanoribbons
when a bias potential is applied between the source and drain electrodes. We
find that the conductance quantization plateaus show asymmetry between the
electron and hole branches if the potential in the ribbon equals the source or
drain electrode potential and strong electron (hole) scattering occurs. The
scattering may be at the ends of a uniform ballistic ribbon connecting wider
regions of graphene or may be due to defects in the ribbon. We argue that, in
ribbons with strong defect scattering, the ribbon potential is pinned to that
of the drain (source) for electron (hole) transport. In this case symmetry
between electron and hole transport is restored and our calculations explain
the upward shift of the conductance plateaus with increasing bias that was
observed experimentally by Lin et al. [Phys. Rev. B 78, 161409 (2008)].Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Entanglement quantification by local unitaries
Invariance under local unitary operations is a fundamental property that must
be obeyed by every proper measure of quantum entanglement. However, this is not
the only aspect of entanglement theory where local unitaries play a relevant
role. In the present work we show that the application of suitable local
unitary operations defines a family of bipartite entanglement monotones,
collectively referred to as "mirror entanglement". They are constructed by
first considering the (squared) Hilbert-Schmidt distance of the state from the
set of states obtained by applying to it a given local unitary. To the action
of each different local unitary there corresponds a different distance. We then
minimize these distances over the sets of local unitaries with different
spectra, obtaining an entire family of different entanglement monotones. We
show that these mirror entanglement monotones are organized in a hierarchical
structure, and we establish the conditions that need to be imposed on the
spectrum of a local unitary for the associated mirror entanglement to be
faithful, i.e. to vanish on and only on separable pure states. We analyze in
detail the properties of one particularly relevant member of the family, the
"stellar mirror entanglement" associated to traceless local unitaries with
nondegenerate spectrum and equispaced eigenvalues in the complex plane. This
particular measure generalizes the original analysis of [Giampaolo and
Illuminati, Phys. Rev. A 76, 042301 (2007)], valid for qubits and qutrits. We
prove that the stellar entanglement is a faithful bipartite entanglement
monotone in any dimension, and that it is bounded from below by a function
proportional to the linear entropy and from above by the linear entropy itself,
coinciding with it in two- and three-dimensional spaces.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. Improved and generalized proof of monotonicity
of the mirror and stellar entanglemen
Simulation of intrinsic parameter fluctuations in decananometer and nanometer-scale MOSFETs
Intrinsic parameter fluctuations introduced by discreteness of charge and matter will play an increasingly important role when semiconductor devices are scaled to decananometer and nanometer dimensions in next-generation integrated circuits and systems. In this paper, we review the analytical and the numerical simulation techniques used to study and predict such intrinsic parameters fluctuations. We consider random discrete dopants, trapped charges, atomic-scale interface roughness, and line edge roughness as sources of intrinsic parameter fluctuations. The presented theoretical approach based on Green's functions is restricted to the case of random discrete charges. The numerical simulation approaches based on the drift diffusion approximation with density gradient quantum corrections covers all of the listed sources of fluctuations. The results show that the intrinsic fluctuations in conventional MOSFETs, and later in double gate architectures, will reach levels that will affect the yield and the functionality of the next generation analog and digital circuits unless appropriate changes to the design are made. The future challenges that have to be addressed in order to improve the accuracy and the predictive power of the intrinsic fluctuation simulations are also discussed
Increase in the random dopant induced threshold fluctuations and lowering in sub-100 nm MOSFETs due to quantum effects: a 3-D density-gradient simulation study
In this paper, we present a detailed simulation study of the influence of quantum mechanical effects in the inversion layer on random dopant induced threshold voltage fluctuations and lowering in sub-100 mn MOSFETs. The simulations have been performed using a three-dimensional (3-D) implementation of the density gradient (DG) formalism incorporated in our established 3-D atomistic simulation approach. This results in a self-consistent 3-D quantum mechanical picture, which implies not only the vertical inversion layer quantization but also the lateral confinement effects related to current filamentation in the “valleys” of the random potential fluctuations. We have shown that the net result of including quantum mechanical effects, while considering statistical dopant fluctuations, is an increase in both threshold voltage fluctuations and lowering. At the same time, the random dopant induced threshold voltage lowering partially compensates for the quantum mechanical threshold voltage shift in aggressively scaled MOSFETs with ultrathin gate oxides
Consistent analysis of neutral- and charged-current neutrino scattering off carbon
Background: Good understanding of the cross sections for (anti)neutrino
scattering off nuclear targets in the few-GeV energy region is a prerequisite
for correct interpretation of results of ongoing and planned oscillation
experiments.
Purpose: Clarify possible source of disagreement between recent measurements
of the cross sections on carbon.
Method: Nuclear effects in (anti)neutrino scattering off carbon nucleus are
described using the spectral function approach. The effect of two- and
multi-nucleon final states is accounted for by applying an effective value of
the axial mass, fixed to 1.23 GeV. Neutral-current elastic (NCE) and
charged-current quasielastic (CCQE) processes are treated on equal footing.
Results: The differential and total cross sections for the energy ranging
from a few hundreds of MeV to 100 GeV are obtained and compared to the
available data from the BNL E734, MiniBooNE, and NOMAD experiments.
Conclusions: Nuclear effects in NCE and CCQE scattering seem to be very
similar. Within the spectral function approach, the axial mass from the shape
analysis of the MiniBooNE data is in good agreement with the results reported
by the BNL E734 and NOMAD Collaborations. However, the combined analysis of NCE
and CCQE data does not seem to support the contribution of multi-nucleon final
states being large enough to explain the normalization of the
MiniBooNE-reported cross sections.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, detailed discussion of the role of FSI is adde
Changing habitat associations of a thermally constrained species, the silver-spotted skipper butterfly, in response to climate warming
BiSON data preparation: A correction for differential extinction and the weighted averaging of contemporaneous data
The Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) has provided high-quality
high-cadence observations from as far back in time as 1978. These data must be
calibrated from the raw observations into radial velocity and the quality of
the calibration has a large impact on the signal-to-noise ratio of the final
time series. The aim of this work is to maximise the potential science that can
be performed with the BiSON data set by optimising the calibration procedure.
To achieve better levels of signal-to-noise ratio we perform two key steps in
the calibration process: we attempt a correction for terrestrial atmospheric
differential extinction; and the resulting improvement in the calibration
allows us to perform weighted averaging of contemporaneous data from different
BiSON stations. The improvements listed produce significant improvement in the
signal-to-noise ratio of the BiSON frequency-power spectrum across all
frequency ranges. The reduction of noise in the power spectrum will allow
future work to provide greater constraint on changes in the oscillation
spectrum with solar activity. In addition, the analysis of the low-frequency
region suggests we have achieved a noise level that may allow us to improve
estimates of the upper limit of g-mode amplitudes.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 10 pages, 7 figure
Hysteresis and spin phase transitions in quantum wires in the integer quantum Hall regime
We demonstrate that a split-gate quantum wire in the integer quantum Hall
regime can exhibit electronic transport hysteresis for up- and down-sweeps of a
magnetic field. This behavior is shown to be due to phase spin transitions
between two different ground states with and without spatial spin polarization
in the vicinity of the wire boundary. The observed effect has a many-body
origin arising from an interplay between a confining potential, Coulomb
interactions and the exchange interaction. We also demonstrate and explain why
the hysteretic behavior is absent for steep and smooth confining potentials and
is present only for a limited range of intermediate confinement slopes.Comment: submitted to PR
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