140 research outputs found
Prehospital Trauma Care Systems: Potential Role Toward Reducing Morbidities and Mortalities from Road Traffic Injuries in Nigeria
AbstractIntroductionRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) and attendant fatalities on Nigerian roads have been on an increasing trend over the past three decades. Mortality from RTIs in Nigeria is estimated to be 162 deaths/100,000 population. This study aims to compare and identify best prehospital trauma care practices in Nigeria and some other African countries where prehospital services operate.MethodsA review of secondary data, grey literature, and pertinent published articles using a conceptual framework to assess: (1) policies; (2) structures; (3) first responders; (4) communication facilities; (5) transport and ambulance facilities, and (6) roadside emergency trauma units.ResultsThere is no national prehospital trauma care system (PTCS) in Nigeria. The lack of a national emergency health policy is a factor in this absence. The Nigerian Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) mainly has been responsible for prehospital services. South Africa, Zambia, Kenya, and Ghana have improved prehospital services in Africa.ConclusionsCommercial drivers, laypersons, military, police, a centrally controlled communication network, and government ambulance services are feasible delivery models that can be incorporated into the Nigerian prehospital system. Prehospital trauma services have been useful in reducing morbidities and mortalities from traffic injuries, and appropriate implementation of this study's recommendations may reduce this burden in Nigeria.AdeloyeD. Prehospital trauma care systems: potential role toward reducing morbidities and mortalities from road traffic injuries in Nigeria. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-7.</jats:sec
Clinical history-taking and physical examination in medical practice in Africa: still relevant?
Food additives and their health implications on children in Africa: a systematic review
Objective: The safety of processed foods is an issue of public health importance, especially in Africa
where there is unchecked rate at which many food industries turn out novel 'chemicals' aimed at increasing
the acceptability of their products. This is particularly true for processed foods targeted at children, who
remain the most vulnerable group. The aim of this review was to identify health implications of food
additives on children in Africa based on findings from original research works.
Methods: We conducted a parallel search of Medline, EMBASE and Global Health for relevant studies
from 1970 to 2014. We included studies conducted among African populations reporting effects of food
additives among children (under age 17 years). Data on health implications of food additives were
extracted and reviewed.
Results: Our search returned 479 studies, with only 4 studies meeting the selection criteria. Five countries
were represented, namely Libya, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania and Sudan The total study population was
3326. All the studies were cross-sectional, and focused essentially on sugar as an important risk factor for
the development of dental caries and/or erosion in children.
Conclusions: Studies on important food additives such as preservatives, colouring agents, sweeteners,
anti-caking agents and their effects on health of children are largely unavailable in Africa, although
anecdotal reports are suggestive of their deleterious effects. To ensure evidenced-based decision making
and public policies in this regard, there is a need for original research works
An estimate of the prevalence of epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa:A systematic analysis
Epilepsy is a leading serious neurological condition worldwide and has particularly significant physical, economic and social consequences in SubâSaharan Africa. This paper aims to contribute
to the understanding of epilepsy prevalence in this region and how this varies by age and sex so as to inform understanding of the disease characteristics as well as the development of infrastructure,
services and policies
Can ChatGPT draft a research article?:An example of population-level vaccine effectiveness analysis
The long-term sequelae of COVID-19:an international consensus on research priorities for patients with pre-existing and new-onset airways disease
Interventions addressing risk factors of ischaemic heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa:A systematic review
Background: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is
currently ranked eighth among the leading causes of
deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Yet, effective
population-wide preventive measures targeting risks in
the region are still largely unavailable. We aimed to
review population-wide and individual-level
interventions addressing risk factors of IHD among
adults in sSA.
Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE,
Global Health and AJOL was conducted to identify
studies focusing on population-wide and individuallevel
interventions targeting risks of IHD among adults
in sSA. We conducted a detailed synthesis of basic
findings of selected studies.
Results: A total of 2311 studies were identified, with
only 9 studies meeting our selection criteria. 3 broad
interventions were identified: dietary modifications,
physical activity and community-based health
promotion measures on tobacco and alcohol cessation.
3 studies reported significant reduction in blood
pressure (BP), and another study reported statistically
significant reduction in mean total cholesterol. Other
outcome measures observed ranged from mild to no
reduction in BP, blood glucose, body mass index and
total cholesterol, respectively.
Conclusions: We cannot specify with all certainty
contextually feasible interventions that can be effective
in modifying IHD risk factors in population groups
across sSA. We recommend more research on IHD,
particularly on the understanding of the burden, geared
towards developing and/or strengthening preventive
and treatment interventions for the disease in sS
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