Composition of the diets used in Experiment 2, as-fed basis.

<p>¹ T-1, control diet without SDPP; T-2, diet with 3% UVSDPP; T-3, diet with 3% control SDPP; T-4, diet with 6% UVSDPP; T-5, diet with 6% control SDPP. Diets were fed from d 0 to 14 post-weaning. All pigs were fed the common starter diet from d 15 to 28 post-weaning.</p><p>²Provided per kg of diet: vitamin A, 10000 IU; vitamin D_3, 2000 IU; vitamin E, 25 mg; vitamin B_1, 1.5 mg; vitamin B_2, 3.5 mg; vitamin B_6, 2.4 mg; vitamin B_12, 20 μg; vitamin K_3, 1.5 mg; calcium pantothenate, 14 mg; nicotinic acid, 20 mg; folic acid, 0.5 mg; biotin, 50 μg; choline, 300 mg; Fe, 120 mg; I, 0.75 mg; Co, 0.6 mg; Cu, 150 mg; Mn, 60 mg; Zn, 110 mg and Se, 0.37 mg.</p><p>Composition of the diets used in Experiment 2, as-fed basis.</p

Ultraviolet Light (UV) Inactivation of Porcine Parvovirus in Liquid Plasma and Effect of UV Irradiated Spray Dried Porcine Plasma on Performance of Weaned Pigs

<div><p>A novel ultraviolet light irradiation (UV-C, 254 nm) process was designed as an additional safety feature for manufacturing of spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP). In Exp. 1, three 10-L batches of bovine plasma were inoculated with 10^5.2±0.12 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID₅₀) of porcine parvovirus (PPV) per mL of plasma and subjected to UV-C ranging from 0 to 9180 J/L. No viable PPV was detected in bovine plasma by micro-titer assay in SK6 cell culture after UV-C at 2295 J/L. In Exp. 2, porcine plasma was subjected to UV-C (3672 J/L), then spray dried and mixed in complete mash diets. Diets were a control without SDPP (Control), UV-C SDPP either at 3% (UVSDPP3) or 6% (UVSDPP6) and non-UV-C SDPP at 3% (SDPP3) or 6% (SDPP6). Diets were fed ad libitum to 320 weaned pigs (26 d of age; 16 pens/diet; 4 pigs/pen) for 14 d after weaning and a common diet was fed d 15 to 28. During d 0 to 14, pigs fed UVSDPP3, UVSDPP6, or SDPP6 had higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake than control. During d 0 to 28, pigs fed UVSDPP3 and UVSDPP6 had higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake than control and SDPP3, and SDPP6 had higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) feed intake than control. Also, pigs fed UVSDPP had higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) weight gain than pigs fed SDPP. In conclusion, UV-C inactivated PPV in liquid plasma and UVSDPP used in pig feed had no detrimental effects on pig performance.</p></div

Least squares means of productive parameters of pigs¹ fed diets with ultraviolet irradiated spray dried plasma (Experiment 2).

<p>¹Pigs (26 d old, 320 in total in two batches of 160 animals) were distributed in 16 blocks of 5 pens containing 4 pigs/pen (8 pens and 32 pigs per treatment in each batch). Pigs were fed their assigned experimental diets from d 0 to 14 and all pigs were fed a common diet from d 15 to 28 (BW: body weight; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; G:F ratio: gain to feed ratio).</p><p>²NS <i>P</i> > 0.10</p><p>^abc Values in the same row with different letters are significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p>Least squares means of productive parameters of pigs<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133008#t005fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> fed diets with ultraviolet irradiated spray dried plasma (Experiment 2).</p

Calculated nutrient content of the diets used in Experiment 2, as fed basis.

<p>¹All pigs fed the common starter diet from d 15 to 28 of age.</p><p>Calculated nutrient content of the diets used in Experiment 2, as fed basis.</p

Porcine parvovirus virus inactivation in liquid bovine plasma after UV-C treatment.

<p>PPV titre expressed as log₁₀; mean and SE; n = 3.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Influence of dietary n-3 long-chain fatty acids on microbial diversity and composition of sows’ feces, colostrum, milk, and suckling piglets’ feces.docx

IntroductionVery little is known about the impact of n-3 long-chain fatty acids (n-3 LCFAs) on the microbiota of sows and their piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of n-3 LCFA in sow diets on the microbiota composition of sows’ feces, colostrum, and milk as well as that of piglets’ feces.MethodsTwenty-two sows were randomly assigned to either a control or an n-3 LCFA diet from service to weaning. Sows’ and piglets’ performance was monitored. The gestating and lactating sows’ microbiomes in feces, colostrum, and milk were characterized by 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The fecal microbiome from the two lowest (>800 g) and the two highest birth weight piglets per litter was also characterized, and the LPS levels in plasma were analyzed at weaning.Results and Discussionn-3 LCFA increased microbiota alpha diversity in suckling piglets’ and gestating sows’ feces. However, no effects were observed in colostrum, milk, or lactating sows’ feces. Dietary n-3 LCFA modified the microbiota composition of gestating sows’ feces, milk, and suckling piglets’ feces, without affecting lactating sows’ feces or colostrum. In gestating sows’ feces and milk, the decrease in genus Succinivibrio and the increase of Proteobacteria phylum, due to the increased genera Brenneria and Escherichia, respectively, stand out. In the feces of suckling piglets, the higher abundance of the beneficial genus Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and different species of Lactobacillus are highlighted. In addition, positive correlations for families and genera were found between lactating sows’ feces and milk, milk and suckling piglets’ feces, and lactating sows’ feces and suckling piglets’ feces. To conclude, dietary n-3 LCFA had a positive impact on the microbiome of suckling piglet’s feces by increasing microbial diversity and some beneficial bacteria populations, had a few minor modifications on the microbiome of milk and gestating sows’ feces and did not change the microbiome in lactating sows’ feces or colostrum. Therefore, this study shows the effect of dietary n-3 LCFA on the microbiota of sows, colostrum, milk, and suckling piglets during the lactation period providing crucial information on the microbiota status at the early stages of life, which have an impact on the post-weaning.</p

Chemical and microbial analyses of spray dried porcine plasma used in Experiment 2 (as-fed basis).

<p>Results are expressed as average±SD.</p

Average Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) titres in inoculated bovine plasma used in Experiment 1 at each irradiation time (log10 values)¹.

<p>¹Liquid bovine plasma samples were passed three consecutive times in SK6 cells for PPV to amplify any viable virus which may have been undetected in the first passage.</p><p>²Tissue culture infection dose was determined by microtiter assay procedure [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133008#pone.0133008.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>].</p><p>³The theoretical limit of detection of the method used was estimated to be 0.23 viral particles per mL.</p><p>Average Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) titres in inoculated bovine plasma used in Experiment 1 at each irradiation time (log10 values)<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133008#t004fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p