Security implications of implantable medical devices

The advancement of wireless medical devices in the hospital has created an environment that is unsustainable, unsustainable for security management. I will explain how the development of wireless medical devices has changed the landscape of security in the medical field. How the history of medical devices and organizational issues affected device development. I will look in to the inner workings of pacemakers and pacemaker programmers and how their systems affect security. Who are the stakeholders for protecting the information and function of the medical device and pacemaker? What are the stakeholder\u27s capacities and obstacles, especially if the device is implanted in your body? Once we understand the risk and who has the best ability to mitigate it, how can a system of prioritization of medical devices be used to solve the issues of insecure medical devices and/or pacemakers. How can the process of prioritization bring us back within our risk threshold for medical devices

The Archival Advocate (Spring 2019)

In this issue: Letter from the Director Upcoming Renovation Reels and Canisters: Film in the Archives Hatcher & McGehee Slave Register Bibb Manufacturing Photos Added to the Digital Archives Archive Staff Highlights Archives FAQ Civil War Goes Digital “Found in the Archives” Spotlight Rare Book Cornerhttps://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/archives_newsletters/1000/thumbnail.jp

The Effects Of Decision Framing Influences On Decision Performance

This study investigates the effects of two components of decision framing [commitment and verbalization] in decision optimization, and how information quality impacts framing effects on decision performance.  The theory of cognitive dissonance predicts that commitment to a decision will foster insensitivity to alternative choices.  We find that such bias can be beneficial in certain decision strategies, and more powerfully influential as information quality worsens.  We used an interactive computer simulation to test decision framing effects in a profit optimizing business simulation and to examine the magnitude of the framing effect under varying conditions of information quality, which was proxied as cost information type (ABC: higher quality; VBC: lesser quality). The influences of these factors were tested on the profit optimizing abilities of 48 accounting majors under controlled, laboratory conditions.  Results showed that framing influences improved decision-making, and the effects of framing influences were more powerful in decision environments of poorer quality information [VBC] than in higher quality decision environments [ABC].  Framing was most supportive of decisions when most needed, poor information environments, and not of significant influence in clearer decision environments. 

Losing focus:How lens position and viewing angle affect the function of multifocal lenses in fishes

Rotational photography of a Roach head demonstrating the loss of central BEPs at oblique viewing angles in a vertical rotational plane (i.e., a horizontal rotational axis). Originally published in JOSA A on 01 September 2016 (josaa-33-9-1901

Social media : an opportunity for fidelity in extension of the traditional physician-patient relationship

Corresponding author: Shelby Meyer, Department of Internal Medicine, University of ColoradoSocial media (SM) sites are a critical component of our modern society, increasingly present not only in our personal lives, but also in professional spheres.1 Within the medical profession, particularly during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, SM has emerged as a major influence in public health, research communications, and even individual health.2 This technology increasingly reinforces and shapes the practice of medicine and the relationship between the physician and the patient. The view that SM is strictly personal is too limiting. SM is a modern tool and concept of care which influences population health and has evolved to become crucially important in healthcare communication. Understanding this nexus is critical to our modern understanding of fidelity in the healing relationship and Pellegrino’s phenomenological core of medicine. The use of SM is an emerging issue of moral concern in bioethics, and guidance is needed to help medical professionals, technology companies, and the public understand and navigate the potential risks and benefits inherent to these platforms.Shelby Meyer (Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado), David Fleming (Center for Health Ethics, University of Missouri), Lea Brandt (Center for Health Ethics, University of Missouri)Includes bibliographical reference

Effects Of Caffeine Dose Timing On Total Urine Excretion During Sodium-Aided Hyperhydration Protocols

When used alone, both caffeine and sodium-aided hyperhydration (SAH) can be ergogenic. Although caffeine use in conjunction with SAH promotes diuresis, hyperhydration can be achieved, albeit at lower levels compared to SAH alone. Previous caffeine and SAH work has suggested most of the caffeine induced diuresis occurs within 15 min of consumption of a bolus of caffeine, sodium and water. This response suggests that caffeine-induces diuresis for only 15 min following its consumption, and/or that the diuretic effects of caffeine are dependent on hydration levels. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of caffeine, consumed at different time-points, on diuresis during SAH protocols. METHODS: Subjects were 17 healthy males (23 ± 5 yr, 177 ± 8 cm, 83.4 ± 15.3 kg). Each performed 4, 90 min hyperhydration trials in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Protocols began with a bladder void and measurement of urine specific gravity (USG) followed by ingestion of 15 mL H2O ∙ kg bm-1 with one of four treatments: Placebo (PL), 70.5 mg NaCl ∙ kg bm-1 (Na), or a combination of NaCl and caffeine consumed in two different strategies: 70.5 mg NaCl + 5 mg caffeine ∙ kg bm-1 taken at the start of the trial (NaCaf0), or 70.5 mg NaCl ∙ kg bm-1 taken at the start and 5 mg caffeine ∙ kg bm-1 taken at 75 min of the trial (NaCaf75). After consuming the water, subjects rested for 90 min performing a measured bladder void every 15 min. Total urine excreted (TUE) was expressed as a percentage of the total fluid consumed during the hyperhydration protocols. USG and TUE were compared using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Sidak post hoc analyses. Levels of significance were set a priori at P \u3c 0.05. RESULTS: USGs were 1.007 ± 0.003 (PL), 1.008 ± 0.003 (Na), 1.007 ± 0.004 (NaCaf0), and 1.009 ± 0.004 (NaCaf75) (P \u3e 0.05). TUE for PL (87 ± 30%) was significantly higher than all other protocols (P \u3c 0.05). TUE for NaCaf0 (73 ± 16%) was significantly higher than Na (56 ± 18%, P = 0.02) and NaCaf75 (52 ± 13% P \u3c 0.01). NSD in TUE was observed between Na and NaCaf75. CONCLUSION: The results reaffirm that, when caffeine is consumed at the beginning of a SAH strategy, hyperhydration can be achieved, but at a lower level compared to SAH without caffeine. The results also suggest that waiting to consume caffeine until 75 min after water is consumed does not result in caffeine induced diuresis during a SAH protocol

Effects of Dose Timing on Fluid Excretion During Sodium-Aided Hyperhydration Protocols

Co-consumption of sodium and water has been shown to be superior in promoting hyperhydration compared to consumption of an equal amount of water alone. Most sodium-aided hyperhydration studies have provided subjects with a bolus of fluid followed by a urine collection period. However the effect of providing equal amounts of fluid in a single vs. multiple doses over time on fluid retention has not been systematically studied. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of different dosing strategies on urine excretion levels following the consumption of consistent amounts of sodium and water. METHODS: Urine excretion was measured during five separate 2-hr hyperhydration protocols in 13 well hydrated male subjects (23 ± 3 yr, 176.1 ± 10.1 cm, 82.2 ± 19.4 kg) who were free from known renal, digestive, and cardiovascular disease. Each protocol began with a complete bladder void and assessment of urine specific gravity (USG). Subjects then consumed 20 mL H2O ∙ kg bm-1 and 110 mg NaCl ∙ kg bm-1 in five different dosing strategies: the entire dose was consumed at the beginning of the period (1X), ½ of the dose was consumed at the beginning and ½ consumed after 60 min (2X), and 1/3 of the dose was consumed at the beginning and 1/3 was consumed after 45 and 90 min (3X), ¼ of the dose was consumed at the beginning and after 30, 60, and 90 min (4X), and 1/7 of the dose was consumed at the beginning and after 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 min (7X). Protocols were administered in a randomized, crossover fashion. Total urine excretions (TUE) during the 2 hr collection periods were expressed as a percent of the H2O consumed. USG and TUE were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA and Sidak post hoc analyses. RESULTS: USGs were 1.006 ± 0.004 (1X), 1.007 ± 0.003 (2X), 1.009 ± 0.005 (3X). 1.007 ± 0.004 (4X), and 1.007 ± 0.005 (7X) (P = 0.37 – 1.00) indicating that subjects were well and similarly hydrated for each trial. TUE expressed as a percentage of H2O consumed were 75 ± 18% (1X), 69 ± 11% (2X), 52% ± 15% (3X), 59 ± 15% (4X), and 60 ± 16% (7X). Significant differences in TUE were seen between 1X and 3X (P = 0.03) and 2X and 3X (P = 0.006). No significant difference in TUE was detected between any of the other protocols (P = 0.16 – 1.00). CONCLUSION: The data suggest that hyperhydration is better achieved when water and sodium are consumed in three equal doses over 90 min when compared to consuming an equal amount of a sodium and water dose in a single bolus or in two equal doses over a 60 min period. Consuming water in four or seven equal doses over 90 min did not result in better fluid retention than consuming an equal amount of water in a single bolus or in two equal doses over a 60 min period

Consumer Purchases of Biotech Sweet Corn: Results from a Market Experiment

In the increasingly consumer-driven food system, consumer preferences toward agricultural biotechnology have the potential to influence decisions about development and adoption of biotech crop varieties. Current knowledge about consumer attitudes toward biotech foods is largely based on a number of consumer surveys and a growing body of experimental auctions. This paper reports results of a market experiment designed to isolate the effect of the use of biotechnology on consumer choices between two otherwise identical products. Two related varieties of fresh-market sweet corn were grown, labeled, and sold side-by-side in nine participating grocery stores in the Philadelphia area. Sales data indicate a market share of biotech corn of about 45 percent, with store-specific shares varying between 10 and 80 percent. Over 700 surveys were collected in stores. Surprisingly, only 65 percent of respondents noticed that there were two types of corn for sale despite the labeling and merchandising, and 87 percent of the sample spent one minute or less choosing their corn. About half of the respondents had heard of biotechnology before, and 16 percent volunteered the biotechnology trait as an influence on their purchase decision. Approximately 40 percent of the sample purchased some of the biotech variety, with several respondents purchasing some of each.Institutional and Behavioral Economics,