6,682 research outputs found
Statistically Locked-in Transport Through Periodic Potential Landscapes
Classical particles driven through periodically modulated potential energy
landscapes are predicted to follow a Devil's staircase hierarchy of
commensurate trajectories depending on the orientation of the driving force.
Recent experiments on colloidal spheres flowing through arrays of optical traps
do indeed reveal such a hierarchy,but not with the predicted structure. The
microscopic trajectories, moreover,appear to be random, with commensurability
emerging only in a statistical sense. We introduce an idealized model for
periodically modulated transport in the presence of randomness that captures
both the structure and statistics of such statistically locked-in states.Comment: REVTeX with EPS figures, 4 pages, 4 figure
Implicit large eddy simulations of anisotropic weakly compressible turbulence with application to core-collapse supernovae
(Abridged) In the implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) paradigm, the
dissipative nature of high-resolution shock-capturing schemes is exploited to
provide an implicit model of turbulence. Recent 3D simulations suggest that
turbulence might play a crucial role in core-collapse supernova explosions,
however the fidelity with which turbulence is simulated in these studies is
unclear. Especially considering that the accuracy of ILES for the regime of
interest in CCSN, weakly compressible and strongly anisotropic, has not been
systematically assessed before. In this paper we assess the accuracy of ILES
using numerical methods most commonly employed in computational astrophysics by
means of a number of local simulations of driven, weakly compressible,
anisotropic turbulence. We report a detailed analysis of the way in which the
turbulent cascade is influenced by the numerics. Our results suggest that
anisotropy and compressibility in CCSN turbulence have little effect on the
turbulent kinetic energy spectrum and a Kolmogorov scaling is
obtained in the inertial range. We find that, on the one hand, the kinetic
energy dissipation rate at large scales is correctly captured even at
relatively low resolutions, suggesting that very high effective Reynolds number
can be achieved at the largest scales of the simulation. On the other hand, the
dynamics at intermediate scales appears to be completely dominated by the
so-called bottleneck effect, \ie the pile up of kinetic energy close to the
dissipation range due to the partial suppression of the energy cascade by
numerical viscosity. An inertial range is not recovered until the point where
relatively high resolution , which would be difficult to realize in
global simulations, is reached. We discuss the consequences for CCSN
simulations.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, matches published versio
Soil communities and decomposition in focus of the metabolic theory and the ecological stoichiometry
Stellar iron core collapse in {3+1} general relativity and the gravitational wave signature of core-collapse supernovae
I perform and analyse the first ever calculations of rotating stellar iron core collapse in {3+1} general relativity that start out with presupernova models from stellar evolutionary calculations and include a microphysical finite-temperature nuclear equation of state, an approximate scheme for electron capture during collapse and neutrino pressure effects. Based on the results of these calculations, I obtain the to-date most realistic estimates for the gravitational wave signal from collapse, bounce and the early postbounce phase of core collapse supernovae.thesi
Classical Structured Prediction Losses for Sequence to Sequence Learning
There has been much recent work on training neural attention models at the
sequence-level using either reinforcement learning-style methods or by
optimizing the beam. In this paper, we survey a range of classical objective
functions that have been widely used to train linear models for structured
prediction and apply them to neural sequence to sequence models. Our
experiments show that these losses can perform surprisingly well by slightly
outperforming beam search optimization in a like for like setup. We also report
new state of the art results on both IWSLT'14 German-English translation as
well as Gigaword abstractive summarization. On the larger WMT'14 English-French
translation task, sequence-level training achieves 41.5 BLEU which is on par
with the state of the art.Comment: 10 pages, NAACL 201
Structural and functional analysis of mutant MATal homeodomains by multidimensional nmr spectroscopy
Homeodomain proteins are transcription factors that contain a conserved 60- residue sequence, beginning with an N-terminal unstructured arm, followed by an alpha helix, a loop, and a helix-tum-helix. The yeast protein MATa1 is unusual among homeodomains in that, as a monomer, it binds very poorly to its DNA operator. However, the a1- α2 heterodimer binds to the hsg operator with 3000 times the affinity it has for nonspecific DNA. Studies have shown that most of the heterodimer\u27s binding specificity is due to a1 rather than α2 (1,2). To identify the structural changes that transform al into a strong, sequence-specific DNA binding protein, a single-point mutant (s25y) and a double-point mutant (q24r/s25y) were studied. EMSA studies showed that both mutants bind to DNA with greater affinity than wild type al does. Analysis of 2-D 15N-HSQC and 3-D 15N-NOESY spectra showed that significant changes in the chemical shifts of the backbone amide groups of loop 1 and helix 3 occur upon mutation. The NOESY spectrum was also used to identify NOEs between amide protons of sequential residues, indicating where alpha helical conformations occurred. The NOEs showed that the third helix is extended in the a1 mutants. Finally, titration experiments were performed by adding aliquots of the 19- residue a2 tail peptide to al and to each al mutant, and then recording HSQC spectra. These showed that chemical shift changes which occur in wild type al upon a2 tail binding are diminished in the al mutants
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