The Dynamics of Library Development

Paper by David Kase

Estimating Space Needs for Media Services

published or submitted for publicatio

The Typographic Book, 1450-1935 (Book Review)

published or submitted for publicatio

A History of Book Publishing in the United States, Volume II (Book Review)

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Whither Interlibrary Loan?

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The House of Appleton (Book Review)

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Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NOx levels in the Colorado Front Range

Abstract. Chemical models must correctly calculate the ozone formation rate, P(O3), to accurately predict ozone levels and to test mitigation strategies. However, air quality models can have large uncertainties in P(O3) calculations, which can create uncertainties in ozone forecasts, especially during the summertime when P(O3) is high. One way to test mechanisms is to compare modeled P(O3) to direct measurements. During summer 2014, the Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor (MOPS) directly measured net P(O3) in Golden, CO, approximately 25 km west of Denver along the Colorado Front Range. Net P(O3) was compared to rates calculated by a photochemical box model that was constrained by measurements of other chemical species and that used a lumped chemical mechanism and a more explicit one. Median observed P(O3) was up to a factor of 2 higher than that modeled during early morning hours when nitric oxide (NO) levels were high and was similar to modeled P(O3) for the rest of the day. While all interferences and offsets in this new method are not fully understood, simulations of these possible uncertainties cannot explain the observed P(O3) behavior. Modeled and measured P(O3) and peroxy radical (HO2 and RO2) discrepancies observed here are similar to those presented in prior studies. While a missing atmospheric organic peroxy radical source from volatile organic compounds co-emitted with NO could be one plausible solution to the P(O3) discrepancy, such a source has not been identified and does not fully explain the peroxy radical model–data mismatch. If the MOPS accurately depicts atmospheric P(O3), then these results would imply that P(O3) in Golden, CO, would be NOx-sensitive for more of the day than what is calculated by models, extending the NOx-sensitive P(O3) regime from the afternoon further into the morning. These results could affect ozone reduction strategies for the region surrounding Golden and possibly other areas that do not comply with national ozone regulations. Thus, it is important to continue the development of this direct ozone measurement technique to understand P(O3), especially under high-NOx regimes

Sources and characteristics of summertime organic aerosol in the Colorado Front Range: perspective from measurements and WRF-Chem modeling

Abstract. The evolution of organic aerosols (OAs) and their precursors in the boundary layer (BL) of the Colorado Front Range during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ, July–August 2014) was analyzed by in situ measurements and chemical transport modeling. Measurements indicated significant production of secondary OA (SOA), with enhancement ratio of OA with respect to carbon monoxide (CO) reaching 0.085±0.003 µg m−3 ppbv−1. At background mixing ratios of CO, up to  ∼  1.8 µg m−3 background OA was observed, suggesting significant non-combustion contribution to OA in the Front Range. The mean concentration of OA in plumes with a high influence of oil and natural gas (O&G) emissions was  ∼  40 % higher than in urban-influenced plumes. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) confirmed a dominant contribution of secondary, oxygenated OA (OOA) in the boundary layer instead of fresh, hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA). Combinations of primary OA (POA) volatility assumptions, aging of semi-volatile species, and different emission estimates from the O&G sector were used in the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulation scenarios. The assumption of semi-volatile POA resulted in greater than a factor of 10 lower POA concentrations compared to PMF-resolved HOA. Including top-down modified O&G emissions resulted in substantially better agreements in modeled ethane, toluene, hydroxyl radical, and ozone compared to measurements in the high-O&G-influenced plumes. By including emissions from the O&G sector using the top-down approach, it was estimated that the O&G sector contributed to  <  5 % of total OA, but up to 38 % of anthropogenic SOA (aSOA) in the region. The best agreement between the measured and simulated median OA was achieved by limiting the extent of biogenic hydrocarbon aging and consequently biogenic SOA (bSOA) production. Despite a lower production of bSOA in this scenario, contribution of bSOA to total SOA remained high at 40–54 %. Future studies aiming at a better emissions characterization of POA and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) from the O&G sector are valuable

Prozesskette zur variantenflexiblen Herstellung hybrider Leichtbaustrukturen durch Einsatz umformender, additiver und subtraktiver Fertigungsverfahren (HyLight3D)

Die steigende Nachfrage nach individuell gefertigten Produkten führt zu einer wachsenden Varianten-vielfalt und damit einhergehend zu einer Verringerung der zu fertigenden Losgrößen. Insbesondere die Produktion von Multi-Material-Bauteilen stellt die Industrie vor Herausforderungen, aufgrund der belast-baren Verbindung zwischen artfremden Materialien sowie die zugleich kostengünstige und varianten-flexible Fertigung von kleinen Losgrößen. Das Ziel des Verbundprojektes ist daher die Umsetzung und exemplarische Validierung einer industriell skalierbaren, robotergestützten Prozesskette zur Herstel-lung von Metall-Kunststoff-Bauteilen. Für die Erreichung des Ziels wurden innerhalb des Projektes ver-schiedene Roboterendeffektoren und entsprechende Bahnplanungsansätze entwickelt. Darüber hin-aus standen die Prozessentwicklung der roboterbasierten Fertigung und die experimentelle Erprobung der entwickelten Prozesse im Vordergrund. Auf Basis der Endeffektoren für die metallseitige Oberflächenstrukturierung und dem endkonturnahen Kunststoff-3D-Druck konnte gezeigt werden, dass die in Aluminium eingebrachten Oberflächenstruktu-ren eine zuverlässige Verbindung zwischen Metall und Kunststoff ermöglichen. Für den innerhalb der Prozesskette anschließenden Fräsprozess wurde eine adaptive Spanerfassung entwickelt, welche die Späne prozessnah erfasst und einen Spanerfassungsgrad von bis zu 95% erreicht. Der Fräsprozess wird dabei über die Erfassung der Spindelleistung geregelt, sodass verschiedene Materialien mit zuge-hörigen Parametern (Vorschub, Spindeldrehzahl) bearbeitet werden können. Für die exemplarische Validierung der Prozesskette wurde anhand eines Erlanger Trägers (einer weit-verbreiteten Testgeometrie aus dem Bereich der Automobilindustrie) ein Demonstrator gefertigt sowie eine Machbarkeitsstudie an einem Rahmen einer Kniegelenksprothese (Ottobock) begonnen. Hierzu sind Aluminiumgrundkörper erarbeitet worden, auf welchen automatisiert Strukturen zur Verklamme-rung des aufgedruckten Kunststoffs aufgebracht werden konnten. Abschließend wurde das Metall-Kunststoff-Bauteil spanend in seiner Endkontur definiert. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die industrielle Anwendung der im Forschungsprojekt untersuchten skalierbaren, robotergestützten Prozesskette die Produktion von individuell gefertigten Bauteilen in kleinen und mittleren Stückzahlen nachhaltig verändern wird

Open-label extension of a phase 2 trial of risankizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease

Background: Risankizumab, an anti-interleukin-23 antibody, was superior to placebo in achieving clinical and endoscopic remission at week 12 in a randomised, phase 2 induction study in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease. The efficacy and safety of extended intravenous induction and/or subcutaneous maintenance therapy with risankizumab was assessed. Methods: Following 12-week, double-blind, randomised, induction treatment comparing 200 mg or 600 mg intravenous risankizumab to placebo every 4 weeks, patients without deep remission, defined as clinical (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index <150) and endoscopic remission (Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity [CDEIS] ≤4 [≤2 for patients with isolated ileitis]), received open-label 600 mg intravenous risankizumab (every 4 weeks) and patients in deep remission underwent washout until week 26 (Period 2). At week 26, patients in clinical remission received maintenance treatment (Period 3) with 180 mg subcutaneous risankizumab (every 8 weeks). Efficacy endpoints included clinical and endoscopic response and remission at weeks 26 (Period 2) and 52 (Period 3) respectively; safety was assessed through both periods. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02031276. Findings: In Period 2, 101 patients were treated with 600 mg risankizumab resulting in an increase in clinical remission rates at week 26 versus week 12 for all original designated treatment groups: 55% versus 18%, 59% versus 21%, and 47% versus 26% for placebo, 200, and 600 mg risankizumab, respectively. Of the 62 patients receiving maintenance treatment, 54 completed treatment. At week 52, clinical remission was maintained by 71% of patients; endoscopic remission and response (>50% CDEIS reduction from baseline) was achieved by 35% and 55% of patients, respectively, and 29% of patients achieved deep remission. Risankizumab was well tolerated with no new safety signals. Interpretation: Extended induction treatment with open-label intravenous risankizumab was effective in increasing clinical response and remission rates at week 26. Open-label subcutaneous risankizumab maintained remission till week 52 in most patients who were in clinical remission at week 26. Selective blockade of interleukin-23 warrants further evaluation as treatment for Crohn’s disease.Boehringer Ingelhei