Amish Settlements across America: 2013

This short research report is based upon previous editions of “Amish Settlements across North America,” which was published periodically in Family Life. It accounts for new settlements founded since the last edition (2008), as well as settlements which are recently extinct. The information is presented in a series of six tables, including a list of all Amish settlements as of September 30, 2013 (Table 1). Table 2 summarizes the number of settlements and church districts in each state, while Tables 3 and 4 shows trends in settlement increases, decade by decade, since 1900. Table 5 is a list of settlements which became extinct between 2009 and September 30, 2013. Finally, Table 6 describes 15 facts about Amish settlements – past and present – plus, a projection about future settlement growth. We include a map showing the geographic distribution of settlements across Canada and the United States

Amish Settlements across America: 2013

This short research report is based upon previous editions of “Amish Settlements across North America,” which was published periodically in Family Life. It accounts for new settlements founded since the last edition (2008), as well as settlements which are recently extinct. The information is presented in a series of six tables, including a list of all Amish settlements as of September 30, 2013 (Table 1). Table 2 summarizes the number of settlements and church districts in each state, while Tables 3 and 4 shows trends in settlement increases, decade by decade, since 1900. Table 5 is a list of settlements which became extinct between 2009 and September 30, 2013. Finally, Table 6 describes 15 facts about Amish settlements – past and present – plus, a projection about future settlement growth. We include a map showing the geographic distribution of settlements across Canada and the United States

Vergleich zweier Verfahren zur Messung der Oberflächeneigenschaften nach Zahnpasta-Anwendung

Die Wirkung von Zahn- und Prophylaxepasten auf die Zahnoberfläche wurde in der Zahnmedizin lange Zeit nur über die Relative Dentin Abrasion (RDA) klassifiziert. Zusätzlich zum Substanzverlust am Dentin wird die Untersuchung des Oberflächenprofils gefordert, das die Zahnpasta auf Schmelz oder Dentin hinterlässt. Diese Studie nimmt sich zum Ziel, die Eigenschaften von Zahnpasten auf eine künstliche Oberfläche zu untersuchen und Bezüge zwischen dem Glanz, der Rauheit und der Relativen Dentin Abrasion darzustellen. Acrylglaskörper mit verschiedenen Oberflächenrauheiten wurden maschinell mit definierten Bewegungsabläufen und Auflagedruck sowie zeitlichen Rahmen mit handelsüblichen Zahnpasten und einer Zahnbürste als Träger bearbeitet. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen den ermittelten Glanz- und Rauheitswerten zum RDA war nicht gegeben, die Korrelation zwischen dem Glanz und der Rauheit in einer Reihe folgte den Vorhersagen des Modells von Torrance und Sparrow

Awareness of possible complications associated with direct composite restorations: A multinational survey among dentists from 13 countries with meta-analysis

Objectives: Resin -based composites (RBCs) evolved into favoured materials for teeth restorations, marking a significant change in dental practice. Despite many advantages, RBCs exhibit various limitations in their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, we assessed the dentists' awareness of possible complications after direct composite restorations and their opinions about this material. Methods: The online questionnaire was created in English in May 2023. A 16 -item survey was dedicated to general dentists and specialists. The first section included four questions related to demographic characteristics. The second section comprised twelve questions and focused on awareness of potential side effects of composite restorations, the most crucial advantages and disadvantages of composite resins, and the frequency of experienced clinical complications after the application of composite materials. Results: A total of 1830 dentists from 13 countries took part in the survey. Dentists most often declared awareness of low adhesion to the dentine (77.5 %) and, most rarely, solubility in oral fluids (42.6 %). Aesthetics was identified as the main advantage of composite fillings (79 %), followed by the possibility of repair (59 %) and adhesion to enamel (57 %). Polymerisation shrinkage was a major disadvantage for most countries (70 % overall). Analysing the declared potential clinical complications for all countries, statistically significant findings were obtained for marginal discolouration (OR=2.982, 95 % CI: 1.321-6.730, p-value=0.009) and borderline significance for secondary caries (OR=1.814, 95 % CI: 0.964-3.415, p-value=0.065). Conclusions: Dentists value aesthetics and repairability but are aware of shrinkage and experience discolouration. The issue of toxicity and solubility seems to be the least known to dentists. Clinical significance: Dentists should use RBCs with critical caution due to possible side effects. Despite the undoubted aesthetics of direct composite restorations, it is necessary to remember potential clinical complications such as marginal discolouration or secondary caries

Clinical Difficulties Related to Direct Composite Restorations: A Multinational Survey

Aims: Composite materials are widely used in dentistry for direct tooth restorations. However, they are highly sensitive to the working technique employed during the restorative procedure. Even minor procedural errors can have a significant impact on the quality including the longevity of the restoration. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the material preferences and analyse the clinical problems associated with direct composite restorations in a cohort of dentists. Methods: A 20-item online questionnaire was created in English and administered 1830 general dentists and specialists in 13 countries. The first section of the questionnaire included four questions to elicit demographic data, and the second section comprised 16 questions focused on material preferences for conservative restorations, durability of composite restorations, and the most challenging stages the dentists faced during the composite restorative procedures. Results: Respondents decided most often to use composite materials for the tooth restorations (OR 997.4, 95% CI 233.8-4254.8, P value <.001). Most respondents indicated that the durability of composite restorations was approximately 7 to 10 years (41.5%). Among the factors affecting durability, maintenance of a dry cavity was the most often reported reason (47.1%) and the foremost challenge faced by dentists (61.0%) during the composite restorative procedures. Conclusions: Our study confirmed that resin-based composites are the most popular material for direct restoration in many countries. Although working with this material is difficult and involves multiple steps, maintaining a dry cavity during bonding, and material application may affect the therapeutic success and durability of these restorations. Clinicians need to be attentive to this issue and be prepared to adapt their decision-making and consider opting for alternative restorative materials, if appropriate. © 2024 The AuthorsUniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, UMP, (CE-112/2023, 2023/39, 2023/16

Vergleich zweier Verfahren zur Messung der Oberflächeneigenschaften nach Zahnpasta-Anwendung

Die Wirkung von Zahn- und Prophylaxepasten auf die Zahnoberfläche wurde in der Zahnmedizin lange Zeit nur über die Relative Dentin Abrasion (RDA) klassifiziert. Zusätzlich zum Substanzverlust am Dentin wird die Untersuchung des Oberflächenprofils gefordert, das die Zahnpasta auf Schmelz oder Dentin hinterlässt. Diese Studie nimmt sich zum Ziel, die Eigenschaften von Zahnpasten auf eine künstliche Oberfläche zu untersuchen und Bezüge zwischen dem Glanz, der Rauheit und der Relativen Dentin Abrasion darzustellen. Acrylglaskörper mit verschiedenen Oberflächenrauheiten wurden maschinell mit definierten Bewegungsabläufen und Auflagedruck sowie zeitlichen Rahmen mit handelsüblichen Zahnpasten und einer Zahnbürste als Träger bearbeitet. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen den ermittelten Glanz- und Rauheitswerten zum RDA war nicht gegeben, die Korrelation zwischen dem Glanz und der Rauheit in einer Reihe folgte den Vorhersagen des Modells von Torrance und Sparrow