Exploring the Impacts of Predictor Variables on Success in a Mental Health Diversion Program

Since the first Mental Health Court (MHC) in 1997, there has been a steady increase of MHCs all over the country. With the introduction of these new specialty courts have also come to introduction of diversion programs. Diversion programs work to connect offenders who have mental illnesses to community-based mental health treatment services as an alternative to incarceration. Typically, with the completion of the program comes with the benefit of having their charges dropped. Diversion programs aim to reduce recidivism in offenders with mental illness and improve their access to treatment

Exploring the Impacts of Predictor Variables on Success in a Mental Health Diversion Program

Since the first Mental Health Court (MHC) in 1997, there has been a steady increase of MHCs all over the country. With the introduction of these new specialty courts have also come to introduction of diversion programs. Diversion programs work to connect offenders who have mental illnesses to community-based mental health treatment services as an alternative to incarceration. Typically, with the completion of the program comes with the benefit of having their charges dropped. Diversion programs aim to reduce recidivism in offenders with mental illness and improve their access to treatment

Remissão do Diabetes Mellitus 2 por meio do tratamento não farmacológico: uma revisão de literatura: Diabetes Mellitus 2 remission through non-pharmacological treatment: a literature review

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença crônica que acomete parte   significativa   da   população e causa distúrbios, principalmente de caráter metabólico, que acometem negativamente a qualidade de vida da população afetada. Seu tratamento envolve uso de medicações e mudanças no estilo de vida, esse último, tem se mostrado cada vez mais eficaz nesses indivíduos, alcançando ótimos resultados, como a remissão. O objetivo do presente trabalho é buscar na literatura médica evidências sobre a remissão do diabetes mellitus (DM2) por meio do tratamento não farmacológico, listando seus benefícios. Esse estudo é uma revisão integrativa de literatura baseada em publicações das bases de dados: National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) e a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, utilizando os descritores encontrados na plataforma DeCS/meSH: “diabetes mellitus tipo 2”, “remissão”, “exercício físico” e “dieta”, cruzados entre si. A pesquisa foi feita no mês de agosto de 2021, abrangendo estudos publicados no período entre 2015 e 2021, nas línguas inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola e que tivessem o acesso integral ao conteúdo.  Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 14 artigos foram escolhidos para a discussão da revisão. Conclui-se que a remissão do DM2 por meio do tratamento não farmacológico é possível, sendo mais notado principalmente em novos diabéticos. Em diabéticos à longo prazo, a remissão torna-se mais difícil, mas ainda assim, os resultados são expressivos, sendo então, uma ótima forma de prevenção e tratamento dessa patologia

Intubação Orotraqueal e suas complicações: uma revisão de literatura / Orotracheal Intubation and your complications: a literature review

Introdução: A intubação orotraqueal é um procedimento que busca garantir um suporte ventilatório para o paciente que sofre de algum problema respiratório, mas, que podem gerar uma série de complicações. Objetivo: Buscar na literatura médica possíveis complicações decorrentes da intubação orotraqueal. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. A coleta de dados ocorreu através das plataformas da Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) e National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE) e também a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, utilizando-se os descritores intubação orotraqueal, vias aéreas, terapia intensiva, complicações e pós-intubação, cruzados entre si. Resultados: Foi possível observar que existe uma ampla variedade de complicações decorrentes do procedimento, afetando todos os grupos etários. Discussão: O processo de intubação orotraqueal é um processo bastante utilizado para aliviar a respiração prejudicada, por isso é preciso que as complicações de tal procedimento sejam abordadas, já que a mesma pode deixar algumas sequelas ou até mesmo a morte. Conclusão: No que se refere ao processo de intubação orotraqueal, alguns fatores de risco podem levar ao agravamento do quadro clínico do paciente. Faz-se necessário que os profissionais que executam tal procedimento estejam capacitados e cientes de tais complicações, para que se evitem problemas futuros

Substantiate a read-across hypothesis by using transcriptome data—A case study on volatile diketones

This case study explores the applicability of transcriptome data to characterize a common mechanism of action within groups of short-chain aliphatic α-, β-, and γ-diketones. Human reference in vivo data indicate that the α-diketone diacetyl induces bronchiolitis obliterans in workers involved in the preparation of microwave popcorn. The other three α-diketones induced inflammatory responses in preclinical in vivo animal studies, whereas beta and gamma diketones in addition caused neuronal effects. We investigated early transcriptional responses in primary human bronchiolar (PBEC) cell cultures after 24 h and 72 h of air-liquid exposure. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assessed based on transcriptome data generated with the EUToxRisk gene panel of Temp-O-Seq®. For each individual substance, genes were identified displaying a consistent differential expression across dose and exposure duration. The log fold change values of the DEG profiles indicate that α- and β-diketones are more active compared to γ-diketones. α-diketones in particular showed a highly concordant expression pattern, which may serve as a first indication of the shared mode of action. In order to gain a better mechanistic understanding, the resultant DEGs were submitted to a pathway analysis using ConsensusPathDB. The four α-diketones showed very similar results with regard to the number of activated and shared pathways. Overall, the number of signaling pathways decreased from α-to β-to γ-diketones. Additionally, we reconstructed networks of genes that interact with one another and are associated with different adverse outcomes such as fibrosis, inflammation or apoptosis using the TRANSPATH-database. Transcription factor enrichment and upstream analyses with the geneXplain platform revealed highly interacting gene products (called master regulators, MRs) per case study compound. The mapping of the resultant MRs on the reconstructed networks, visualized similar gene regulation with regard to fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis. This analysis showed that transcriptome data can strengthen the similarity assessment of compounds, which is of particular importance, e.g., in read-across approaches. It is one important step towards grouping of compounds based on biological profiles

Dissection of artifactual and confounding glial signatures by single-cell sequencing of mouse and human brain

A key aspect of nearly all single-cell sequencing experiments is dissociation of intact tissues into single-cell suspensions. While many protocols have been optimized for optimal cell yield, they have often overlooked the effects that dissociation can have on ex vivo gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that use of enzymatic dissociation on brain tissue induces an aberrant ex vivo gene expression signature, most prominently in microglia, which is prevalent in published literature and can substantially confound downstream analyses. To address this issue, we present a rigorously validated protocol that preserves both in vivo transcriptional profiles and cell-type diversity and yield across tissue types and species. We also identify a similar signature in postmortem human brain single-nucleus RNA-sequencing datasets, and show that this signature is induced in freshly isolated human tissue by exposure to elevated temperatures ex vivo. Together, our results provide a methodological solution for preventing artifactual gene expression changes during fresh tissue digestion and a reference for future deeper analysis of the potential confounding states present in postmortem human samples

Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Global Gene Expression in Loin Muscle Tissue Identifies Candidate Genes in Pigs

BACKGROUND: Nearly 6,000 QTL have been reported for 588 different traits in pigs, more than in any other livestock species. However, this effort has translated into only a few confirmed causative variants. A powerful strategy for revealing candidate genes involves expression QTL (eQTL) mapping, where the mRNA abundance of a set of transcripts is used as the response variable for a QTL scan. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We utilized a whole genome expression microarray and an F(2) pig resource population to conduct a global eQTL analysis in loin muscle tissue, and compared results to previously inferred phenotypic QTL (pQTL) from the same experimental cross. We found 62 unique eQTL (FDR <10%) and identified 3 gene networks enriched with genes subject to genetic control involved in lipid metabolism, DNA replication, and cell cycle regulation. We observed strong evidence of local regulation (40 out of 59 eQTL with known genomic position) and compared these eQTL to pQTL to help identify potential candidate genes. Among the interesting associations, we found aldo-keto reductase 7A2 (AKR7A2) and thioredoxin domain containing 12 (TXNDC12) eQTL that are part of a network associated with lipid metabolism and in turn overlap with pQTL regions for marbling, % intramuscular fat (% fat) and loin muscle area on Sus scrofa (SSC) chromosome 6. Additionally, we report 13 genomic regions with overlapping eQTL and pQTL involving 14 local eQTL. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Results of this analysis provide novel candidate genes for important complex pig phenotypes

Nutrition for the ageing brain: towards evidence for an optimal diet

As people age they become increasingly susceptible to chronic and extremely debilitating brain diseases. The precise cause of the neuronal degeneration underlying these disorders, and indeed normal brain ageing remains however elusive. Considering the limits of existing preventive methods, there is a desire to develop effective and safe strategies. Growing preclinical and clinical research in healthy individuals or at the early stage of cognitive decline has demonstrated the beneficial impact of nutrition on cognitive functions. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). The latest scientific advances specific to how dietary nutrients and non-nutrient may affect cognitive ageing are presented. Furthermore, several key points related to mechanisms contributing to brain ageing, pathological conditions affecting brain function, and brain biomarkers are also discussed. Overall, findings are inconsistent and fragmented and more research is warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms and to establish dose-response relationships for optimal brain maintenance in different population subgroups. Such approaches are likely to provide the necessary evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform about new dietary recommendations on how to prevent cognitive decline