Steganographic Application for Mobile Devices

Tato práce řeší výběr vhodné steganografické metody pro mobilní platformu a její implementaci. Vybraná byla metoda F4 a byla implementována jako aplikace Stego a její rozšíření Reveal pro zařízení se systémem iOS.This paper discusses selection of suitable steganographic method for mobile platform and its implementation. F4 method was selected and implemented as an application Stego and its extension Reveal for iOS devices.

Food Safety Begins at the Farm

The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is rapidly being developed and applied for prevention of foodborne hazards in meat and meat products at slaughter and processing, and is being studied for application at production, product distribution, and marketing levels. We are identifying microbiological control points in swine production, with studies in four herds reported here. The identification of critical control points for microbiological hazards in swine production cannot be identified at the present level of research, and the terms Best Management Practices and Good Production Practices are most applicable on-farm HACCP principles at this time

Visualisation of key splitting milestones to support interventions

The paper presents an approach to help staff responsible for running courses by identifying key milestones in the educational process, where the paths of successful and unsuccessful students started to split. By identifying these milestones in the already finished courses, this information can be used to plan the interventions in the next runs. This is achieved by finding the earliest time when the differences in behaviour or key performance metrics of unsuccessful students start to become significant. We demonstrate this approach in two case studies, one focused on a course level analysis and the latter on a whole academic year. This suggests its generic nature and possible applicability in various Learning Analytics scenarios

Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Maintain Learning Set Despite Second-order Stimulus-response Spatial Discontiguity

In many discrimination-learning tests, spatial separation between stimuli and response loci disrupts performance in rhesus macaques. However, monkeys are unaffected by such stimulusresponse spatial discontiguity when responses occur through joystick-based computerized movement of a cursor. To examine this discrepancy, five monkeys were tested on a learning-set task that required them to touch computer-graphic levers {which differed in location across experimental phases) with a cursor in order to select an associated test stimulus. The task produced both first-order (joystick and lever) and second-order (lever and stimuli) spatial discontiguity between the stimuli to be discriminated and the discriminative response. Performance was significantly better than chance for all lever locations including locations in which selection of the correct lever required moving the cursor away from the positive stimulus. Thus, rhesus macaques do not attend simply to the region around the cursor in these computerized tests, but rather they attend to relevant stimulus loci even when these are discontiguous with response and reward areas

Incidence and clinical and immunological characteristics of primary Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected patients

SummaryObjectivesTo determine the incidence and laboratory characteristics of primary Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected individuals.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted between 1988 and 2012 on a cohort of 1130 HIV-infected patients at the AIDS Center Prague. Toxoplasma serology, standard laboratory parameters, and health status were evaluated at 3–6-month intervals for all patients.ResultsThe total person-time of follow-up of patients at risk of Toxoplasma seroconversion was 3046.3 years; there were 14 primary T. gondii infections, yielding an incidence rate of 0.0046 (95% confidence interval 0.0027–0.0078). Most of the subjects were clinically asymptomatic, but in one case seroconversion was accompanied by transient cervical lymphadenopathy. The CD4+ T-lymphocyte count geometric mean increased from 418 (95% confidence interval 303–579) cells/μl before seroconversion to 501 (95% confidence interval 363–691) cells/μl after seroconversion (p = 0.004), while other parameters (CD8+ T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, viral load, beta2-microglobulin, total immunoglobulins) remained unchanged. As compared to the control group, patients with primary toxoplasmosis had higher initial levels of total immunoglobulins IgA and IgG and a tendency to higher CD8+ T lymphocyte counts.ConclusionsNeither the incidence nor the course of the primary Toxoplasma infection was influenced by the immune status of the patients. Immune parameters of patients with primary Toxoplasma infection did not differ from those of the controls

Comparative Cognition: Past, Present, and Future

Comparative cognition is the field of inquiry concerned with understanding the cognitive abilities and mechanisms that are evident in nonhuman species. Assessments of animal cognition have a long history, but in recent years there has been an explosion of new research topics, and a general broadening of the phylogenetic map of animal cognition. To review the past of comparative cognition, we describe the historical trends. In regards to the present state, we examine current “hot topics” in comparative cognition. Finally, we offer our unique and combined thoughts on the future of the field

Uncertainty Monitoring by Young Children in a Computerized Task

Adult humans show sophisticated metacognitive abilities, including the ability to monitor uncertainty. Unfortunately, most measures of uncertainty monitoring are limited to use with adults due to their general complexity and dependence on explicit verbalization. However, recent research with nonhuman animals has successfully developed measures of uncertainty monitoring that are simple and do not require explicit verbalization. The purpose of this study was to investigate metacognition in young children using uncertainty monitoring tests developed for nonhumans. Children judged whether stimuli were more pink or blue—stimuli nearest the pink-blue midpoint were the most uncertain and the most difficult to classify. Children also had an option to acknowledge difficulty and gain the necessary information for correct classification. As predicted, children most often asked for help on the most difficult stimuli. This result confirms that some metacognitive abilities appear early in cognitive development. The tasks of animal metacognition research clearly have substantial utility for exploring the early developmental roots of human metacognition

Leadership competencies for medical education and healthcare professions: population-based study

Article deposited according to the BMJ Group policy for BMJ Open: http:// group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions/authorreprints, August 21, 2012.YesFunding provided by the Open Access Authors Fund

Effect of large mountain ranges on atmospheric flow patterns as seen from TIROS satellites

Includes bibliographical references

Metacognition is Prior

We agree with Carruthers that evidence for metacognition in species lacking mindreading provides dramatic evidence in favor of the metacognition-is-prior account and against the mindreading-is-prior account. We discuss this existing evidence and explain why an evolutionary perspective favors the former account and poses serious problems for the latter account