Evaluation of sintered titanium scaffolds with and without beta-tricalcium phosphate coating for calvarial defects repair in rat

Orientadores: Paulo Kharmandayan, Ivan Felizardo Contrera ToroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: Introdução: A reparação de um defeito craniano é um procedimento desafiador, que requer não somente o preenchimento da falha óssea mas também estabilidade a longo prazo do material empregado e restabelecimento do contorno e simetria. Diversos tipos de materiais com diferentes características bem como diferentes métodos de produção dos implantes vêm sendo testados, sem que ainda haja um substituto ósseo considerado ideal. No presente estudo foram investigadas as propriedades de osteointegração de implantes da liga Ti6Al4V construídos por prototipagem com poros tridimensionalmente conectados considerando a influência do recobrimento dos mesmos com uma camada delgada de ?-fosfato tricálcico nestas propriedades. Método: Trinta ratos foram submetidos à criação de defeitos ósseos bilaterais na calvária, que foram preenchidos com implantes, recobertos ou não com ?-fosfato tricálcico, de modo aleatório. Os animais foram distribuídos em grupos e sacrificados 15, 45 e 90 dias após o procedimento. A integração dos implantes foi inicialmente avaliada por ensaio de compressão. A interface osso-implante foi analisada por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados: A força máxima para produzir o deslocamento inicial dos implantes foi aumentando durante o período estudado, alcançando valores da ordem de 100N para ambos os tipos de implante. Foi observada integração entre o osso e a superfície dos implantes, com crescimento ósseo progressivo no interior dos poros. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre implantes recobertos e não recobertos por ?-fosfato tricálcico. Conclusão: Foi alcançada uma adequada osteointegração nas reconstruções cranianas utilizando implantes prototipados da liga Ti6Al4V com as características de porosidade e superfície descritas, sem influência do recobrimento cerâmico adotado. Os resultados sugerem que as características de construção utilizadas podem ser incorporadas aos implantes para reconstrução craniana para melhorar os resultados cirúrgicosAbstract: Background: The repair of a calvarial defect is a challenging procedure, requiring not only filling of the bone gap but long term stability of the employed material and satisfactory contour and symmetry. Several types of materials with different characteristics have been studied, as well as various methods of implant production. However, to date no ideal bone substitute has been found. The osseointegration properties of porous prototyped implants with tridimensionally interconnected pores made of the Ti6Al4V alloy and the influence of a thin layer of calcium phosphate coating were investigated. Methods: Bilateral critical size calvarial defects were produced in thirty rats and filled with coated and uncoated implants in a randomized fashion. The animals were distributed in groups and kept for 15, 45 and 90 days before sacrifice. Implant mechanical integration to bone was evaluated with a push-out test. Bone-implant interface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The maximum force to produce initial displacement of the implants increased during the study period, reaching values around 100N for both types of implants. Intimate contact between bone and implant surface was present, with progressive bone growth into the pores. No significant differences were seen between coated and uncoated implants. Conclusion: Adequate osseointegration can be achieved in calvarial reconstructions using prototyped Ti6Al4V scaffolds with the described physical characteristics of surface and porosity. The results suggest that the proposed implant design characteristics can be incorporated into calvarial implants to improve reconstructive results.DoutoradoFisiopatologia CirúrgicaDoutor em Ciência

Development and implementation of an anthropometric protocol to evaluate results of otoplasty

INTRODUCTION: Prominence is the most common deformity of the ear, affecting about 5% of the population. Most reports on otoplasty describe subjective evaluations, and do not provide accurate postoperative assessment or a comparison between techniques. We propose the development and implementation of a specific protocol to evaluate results. METHOD: A prospective evaluation for a period of one year in patients who underwent bilateral otoplasty was performed, using a technique based on modeling of the cartilage with sutures, and helix-to-mastoid distance measurements at standardized points. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients with an average age of 17.8 years underwent surgery. Reoperation was performed in 21.7% of the patients or 10.7% of the ears. Nearly 45% of the correction obtained at the upper point and 35% at the middle and lower points were lost in patients who did not undergo reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: The protocol was easily used and allowed objective evaluation of the preoperative deformity and surgical results. This technique produced results considered adequate and comparable to the literature

Biomaterials for orbital reconstruction: literature review

The treatment of traumatic lesions of the orbit remains a challenge for the maxillofacial surgeon. When surgical correction is not performed or is performed incorrectly, may occur enophthalmos, diplopia, ocular dystopia, restriction of ocular movements and dysfunction of the infraorbital nerve. The importance of surgery is to release the herniated orbital tissue at the fracture site, restoring the normal architecture of the orbit, aiming at an adequate functional and aesthetic results. In recent decades, many advances have occurred in the surgical treatment of these fractures, as well as in diagnostic methods. With the development of multislice CT, it became possible to analyze three-dimensional orbit, as well as its volumetric evaluation, which revolutionized the surgical management of these fractures. Another factor with direct impact on the reconstruction of the orbits, is the availability of various biomaterials for the restoration of the orbital walls. The objective of this paper is to review the materials available for reconstruction in cases of fractures of the orbital floor, its applicability to compare practices and highlight those most used in the Plastic Surgery Service, Hospital de Clinicas, Unicamp, in recent years. Among the materials of choice in our service, we highlight the autogenous skull bone, cartilage of ear shell, the titanium mesh and porous high density polyethylene. Each biomaterial has specific indications, according to the characteristics of orbital fracture, being considered for choosing the material, the long-term results and experience of surgeon.O tratamento de lesões traumáticas da órbita permanece um desafio para o cirurgião maxilofacial. Quando a correção cirúrgica não é realizada ou é feita de maneira inadequada, pode ocorrer enoftalmia, diplopia, distopia ocular, restrição da movimentação ocular e disfunção do nervo infraorbital. A importância da cirurgia consiste em liberar o tecido orbitário herniado pelo foco de fratura, restaurar a arquitetura normal da órbita, objetivando um resultado estético e funcional adequado. Nas últimas décadas, vários avanços ocorreram no tratamento cirúrgico destas fraturas, bem como nos métodos diagnósticos. Com o desenvolvimento de tomografias computadorizadas de múltiplos detectores, tornou-se possível a análise tridimensional da órbita, assim como sua avaliação volumétrica, o que revolucionou o manejo cirúrgico destas fraturas. Outro fator com impacto direto nas reconstruções das órbitas é a disponibilidade de diversos biomateriais, para restauração das paredes orbitárias. Assim, o objetivo desse artigo é revisar os materiais disponíveis para reconstrução nos casos de fraturas do assoalho da órbita, comparar suas aplicabilidades práticas e destacar aqueles mais utilizados no Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp, nos últimos anos. Dentre os materiais de escolha, em nosso Serviço, destacamos o osso autógeno de calota craniana, a cartilagem de concha auricular, a tela de titânio e o polietileno poroso de alta densidade. Cada biomaterial apresenta indicações específicas, de acordo com as características da fratura orbitária, sendo considerados, para a escolha do material, os resultados a longo prazo e a experiência do cirurgião.33734

Analysis of complications from fat grafting performed at a public university hospital between 2015 and 2018: a cross-sectional retrospective study

Introduction: Fat grafting consists of collecting fat from one fat donor area via liposuction, then reallocating this tissue into a receptor area through syringes and cannulas. According to the literature, it is a safe process used in aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries. The objective is to evaluate complication rates of fat grafting procedures performed in a public university hospital from 2015 to 2018 in comparison with data previously reported in the literature. Methods: A retrospective observational study developed at a public university hospital in Campinas-SP based on the revision of medical records of patients who underwent the fat grafting procedure in this institution from 2015 to 2018. Results: Regarding the complications, the vast majority corresponded to fat reabsorption (62%). Bruise corresponded to the second most common (38% of cases), followed by edema (19%). Pain and dyschromia followed next, with 10% and 7% of cases, respectively. Only one case of operative wound infection was described. Other less frequent complications included hyperemia (5%), asymmetries (5%), desquamation (2%), local paraesthesia (3%) and skin lesion (2%). No other larger complication was reported, such as fat embolism or severe surgical complications such as bleeding, sepsis, or anaphylaxis. Conclusion: The procedures of liposuction for fat collection and fat grafting were proved to be safe, yielding low complication rates in the studied sample, which agrees with data reported in the literature

Análise de complicações de lipoenxertias realizadas em hospital público universitário entre 2015 e 2018: estudo retrospectivo transversal

Introdução: A lipoenxertia consiste no processo de coleta de gordura de uma área doadora de gordura por meio de lipoaspiração seguida da realocação desse tecido em área receptora por meio de seringas e cânulas. É um processo seguro utilizado em cirurgias estéticas e reconstrutivas, de acordo com a literatura. O objetivo é avaliar as taxas de complicações dos procedimentos de lipoenxertia realizados em um hospital público universitário no período de 2015 a 2018, em comparação com dados previamente relatados na literatura. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo desenvolvido em hospital universitário público de Campinas - SP a partir da revisão de prontuários de pacientes submetidos a lipoenxertia nesta instituição de 2015 a 2018. Resultados: Em relação às complicações, a grande maioria correspondeu à reabsorção de gordura (62%). O hematoma correspondeu ao segundo mais comum (38% dos casos), seguido do edema (19%). Dor e discromia vieram em seguida, com 10% e 7% dos casos, respectivamente. Apenas um caso de infecção de ferida operatória foi descrito. Outras complicações menos frequentes foram hiperemia (5%), assimetrias (5%), descamação (2%), parestesia local (3%) e lesão cutânea (2%). Nenhuma outra complicação maior foi relatada, como embolia gordurosa ou complicações cirúrgicas graves como sangramento, sepse, anafilaxia, entre outras. Conclusão: Os procedimentos de lipoaspiração para coleta de gordura e lipoenxertia mostraram-se seguros e com baixo índice de complicações na amostra estudada, concordando com dados da literatura

Prevalence of body contouring surgery in post-bariatric patients at a university hospital

Introduction: The growing number of patients with massive weight loss after bariatric surgery is correlated with the demand for body contouring surgery. Such procedures reduce physical and psychological complaints, positively influencing the quality of life of these people. However, there is little data on the response of services that offer surgical treatment for morbid obesity to this need. The study aims to measure the prevalence of body contouring surgery between 2015 and 2018, in patients previously underwent on a bariatric surgery, in 2014 and 2015, at a University Hospital. Methods: Research in the hospital information system and medical records in order to assess the institutional prevalence of post-bariatric body contouring surgery. Patients who did not undergo both surgeries in our Service, those who underwent these surgical procedures in other years, as well as those with incomplete medical records were excluded. Results: Bariatric surgeries were performed in 208 patients. Of these, 11% (n=23) underwent 27 body contouring surgeries, with abdominal dermolipectomy (n=16) being the most frequently performed. The performance of more than one procedure to correct body deformity occurred in 13% (n=3) of patients. The mean age of patients undergoing body contouring surgery was 37 years, the majority was female (96%, n=22). Conclusion: Body contouring surgery is an important step in the treatment of morbid obesity and has a restorative feature. There is a huge lack of this therapy, which irreparably compromises the results obtained by bariatric surgery

Paired evaluation of calvarial reconstruction with prototyped titanium implants with and without ceramic coating

To investigate the osseointegration properties of prototyped implants with tridimensionally interconnected pores made of the Ti6Al4V alloy and the influence of a thin calcium phosphate coating. Bilateral critical size calvarial defects were created in thirty Wistar rats and filled with coated and uncoated implants in a randomized fashion. The animals were kept for 15, 45 and 90 days. Implant mechanical integration was evaluated with a push-out test. Bone-implant interface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The maximum force to produce initial displacement of the implants increased during the study period, reaching values around 100N for both types of implants. Intimate contact between bone and implant was present, with progressive bone growth into the pores. No significant differences were seen between coated and uncoated implants. Adequate osseointegration can be achieved in calvarial reconstructions using prototyped Ti6Al4V Implants with the described characteristics of surface and porosity.To investigate the osseointegration properties of prototyped implants with tridimensionally interconnected pores made of the Ti6Al4V alloy and the influence of a thin calcium phosphate coating.METHODS:Bilateral critical size calvarial defects were created in thirty Wistar rats and filled with coated and uncoated implants in a randomized fashion. The animals were kept for 15, 45 and 90 days. Implant mechanical integration was evaluated with a push-out test. Bone-implant interface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:The maximum force to produce initial displacement of the implants increased during the study period, reaching values around 100N for both types of implants. Intimate contact between bone and implant was present, with progressive bone growth into the pores. No significant differences were seen between coated and uncoated implants. CONCLUSION:Adequate osseointegration can be achieved in calvarial reconstructions using prototyped Ti6Al4V Implants with the described characteristics of surface and porosity29957958

Retrospective analysis of the approach to nasal fractures at Unicamp Clinical Hospital

INTRODUCTION: Nasal fractures are common injuries, frequently considered to be minor. Nevertheless, they may cause significant damage, from both a functional and aesthetic perspective. METHODS: Medical records of 144 patients admitted for nasal fracture treatment between February 2002 and October 2008 to the Plastic Surgery Area of the Unicamp Clinical Hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients were predominantly male (75.7%), with a male to female ratio of 3.1:1. The most number of cases was observed in 21 to 30 year olds, and the majority of fractures (31.8%) were caused by physical aggression. Closed reductions were performed on all patients under local and topical anesthesia after an average of 8 days. Among the studied patients, 31 experienced residual deformity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients typically affected by nasal fractures are young male adults. Closed reduction surgical treatment yields acceptable results, with correct injury evaluation and treatment timing.INTRODUÇÃO: As fraturas nasais são lesões de grande incidência, frequentemente consideradas de menor importância. No entanto, podem trazer prejuízos importantes do ponto de vista tanto funcional como estético. MÉTODO: Foram analisados prontuários médicos de 144 pacientes submetidos a tratamento de fratura nasal na Área de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp, no período de fevereiro de 2002 a outubro de 2008. RESULTADOS: Observou-se predomínio de pacientes do gênero masculino (75,7%), com proporção entre gêneros masculino e feminino de 3,1:1. A faixa etária mais acometida foi aquela entre 21 anos e 30 anos de idade. A maioria das fraturas (31,8%) foi causada por agressão física. Todos os pacientes foram tratados por meio de redução fechada, sob anestesia local e tópica, após um período médio de 8 dias. Entre os pacientes analisados, 13 evoluíram com deformidade residual. CONCLUSÕES: O paciente tipicamente afetado pelas fraturas nasais é o indivíduo adulto jovem e do gênero masculino. O tratamento cirúrgico por meio de redução fechada promove resultados aceitáveis, se respeitados os princípios de avaliação correta da lesão e do momento de indicação do tratamento.60861