660 research outputs found
Computer simulation of radiation damage in gallium arsenide
A version of the binary-collision simulation code MARLOWE was used to study the spatial characteristics of radiation damage in proton and electron irradiated gallium arsenide. Comparisons made with the experimental results proved to be encouraging
SDSSJ14584479+3720215: A Benchmark JHK Blazar Light Curve from the 2MASS Calibration Scans
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are well-known to exhibit flux variability
across a wide range of wavelength regimes, but the precise origin of the
variability at different wavelengths remains unclear. To investigate the
relatively unexplored near-IR variability of the most luminous AGNs, we conduct
a search for variability using well sampled JHKs-band light curves from the
2MASS survey calibration fields. Our sample includes 27 known quasars with an
average of 924 epochs of observation over three years, as well as one
spectroscopically confirmed blazar (SDSSJ14584479+3720215) with 1972 epochs of
data. This is the best-sampled NIR photometric blazar light curve to date, and
it exhibits correlated, stochastic variability that we characterize with
continuous auto-regressive moving average (CARMA) models. None of the other 26
known quasars had detectable variability in the 2MASS bands above the
photometric uncertainty. A blind search of the 2MASS calibration field light
curves for AGN candidates based on fitting CARMA(1,0) models (damped-random
walk) uncovered only 7 candidates. All 7 were young stellar objects within the
{\rho} Ophiuchus star forming region, five with previous X-ray detections. A
significant {\gamma}-ray detection (5{\sigma}) for the known blazar using 4.5
years of Fermi photon data is also found. We suggest that strong NIR
variability of blazars, such as seen for SDSSJ14584479+3720215, can be used as
an efficient method of identifying previously-unidentified {\gamma}-ray
blazars, with low contamination from other AGN.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Accepte
Tidal Synchronization and Differential Rotation of Kepler Eclipsing Binaries
Few observational constraints exist for the tidal synchronization rate of
late-type stars, despite its fundamental role in binary evolution. We visually
inspected the light curves of 2278 eclipsing binaries (EBs) from the Kepler
Eclipsing Binary Catalog to identify those with starspot modulations, as well
as other types of out-of-eclipse variability. We report rotation periods for
816 EBs with starspot modulations, and find that 79% of EBs with orbital
periods less than ten days are synchronized. However, a population of short
period EBs exists with rotation periods typically 13% slower than synchronous,
which we attribute to the differential rotation of high latitude starspots. At
10 days, there is a transition from predominantly circular, synchronized EBs to
predominantly eccentric, pseudosynchronized EBs. This transition period is in
good agreement with the predicted and observed circularization period for Milky
Way field binaries. At orbital periods greater than about 30 days, the amount
of tidal synchronization decreases. We also report 12 previously unidentified
candidate Scuti and Doradus pulsators, as well as a candidate
RS CVn system with an evolved primary that exhibits starspot occultations. For
short period contact binaries, we observe a period-color relation, and compare
it to previous studies. As a whole, these results represent the largest
homogeneous study of tidal synchronization of late-type stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. EB rotation
periods and classifications available at
https://github.com/jlurie/decatur/blob/master/decatur/data/final_catalog.cs
BOSS Ultracool Dwarfs I: Colors and Magnetic Activity of M and L dwarfs
We present the colors and activity of ultracool (M7-L8) dwarfs from the Tenth
Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We combine previous
samples of SDSS M and L dwarfs with new data obtained from the Baryon
Oscillation Sky Survey (BOSS) to produce the BOSS Ultracool Dwarf (BUD) sample
of 11820 M7-L8 dwarfs. By combining SDSS data with photometry from the Two
Micron All Sky Survey and the Wide-Field Infrared Sky Explorer mission, we
present ultracool dwarf colors from to as a function of spectral
type, and extend the SDSS-2MASS-WISE color locus to include ultracool dwarfs.
The , , and colors provide the best indication of spectral type
for M7-L3 dwarfs. We also examine ultracool dwarf chromospheric activity
through the presence and strength of H emission. The fraction of active
dwarfs rises through the M spectral sequence until it reaches 90% at
spectral type L0. The fraction of active dwarfs then declines to 50% at
spectral type L5; no H emission is observed in the late-L dwarfs in the
BUD sample. The fraction of active L0-L5 dwarfs is much higher than previously
observed. The strength of activity declines with spectral type from M7 through
L3, after which the data do not show a clear trend. Using one-dimensional
chromosphere models, we explore the range of filling factors and chromospheric
temperature structures that are consistent with H observations of M0-L7
dwarfs. M dwarf chromospheres have a similar, smoothly varying range of
temperature and surface coverage while L dwarf chromospheres are cooler and
have smaller filling factors.Comment: 24 pages and 13 figures, submitted to AJ. A short video describing
these results can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwX5WkuJCU
Visualizing the Effect of an Electrostatic Gate with Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Electrostatic gating is pervasive in materials science, yet its effects on
the electronic band structure of materials has never been revealed directly by
angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), the technique of choice to
non-invasively probe the electronic band structure of a material. By means of a
state-of-the-art ARPES setup with sub-micron spatial resolution, we have
investigated a heterostructure composed of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene
(BLG) on hexagonal boron nitride and deposited on a graphite flake. By voltage
biasing the latter, the electric field effect is directly visualized on the
valence band as well as on the carbon 1s core level of BLG. The band gap
opening of BLG submitted to a transverse electric field is discussed and the
importance of intralayer screening is put forward. Our results pave the way for
new studies that will use momentum-resolved electronic structure information to
gain insight on the physics of materials submitted to the electric field
effect
Nanowrinkled Carbon Aerogels Embedded with FeN x Sites as Effective Oxygen Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery.
Rational design of single-metal atom sites in carbon substrates by a flexible strategy is highly desired for the preparation of high-performance catalysts for metal-air batteries. In this study, biomass hydrogel reactors are utilized as structural templates to prepare carbon aerogels embedded with single iron atoms by controlled pyrolysis. The tortuous and interlaced hydrogel chains lead to the formation of abundant nanowrinkles in the porous carbon aerogels, and single iron atoms are dispersed and stabilized within the defective carbon skeletons. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements indicate that the iron centers are mostly involved in the coordination structure of FeN4, with a minor fraction (ca. 1/5) in the form of FeN3C. First-principles calculations show that the FeN x sites in the Stone-Wales configurations induced by the nanowrinkles of the hierarchically porous carbon aerogels show a much lower free energy than the normal counterparts. The resulting iron and nitrogen-codoped carbon aerogels exhibit excellent and reversible oxygen electrocatalytic activity, and can be used as bifunctional cathode catalysts in rechargeable Zn-air batteries, with a performance even better than that based on commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. Results from this study highlight the significance of structural distortions of the metal sites in carbon matrices in the design and engineering of highly active single-atom catalysts
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