9,684 research outputs found
TopCom: Index for Shortest Distance Query in Directed Graph
Finding shortest distance between two vertices in a graph is an important
problem due to its numerous applications in diverse domains, including
geo-spatial databases, social network analysis, and information retrieval.
Classical algorithms (such as, Dijkstra) solve this problem in polynomial time,
but these algorithms cannot provide real-time response for a large number of
bursty queries on a large graph. So, indexing based solutions that pre-process
the graph for efficiently answering (exactly or approximately) a large number
of distance queries in real-time is becoming increasingly popular. Existing
solutions have varying performance in terms of index size, index building time,
query time, and accuracy. In this work, we propose T OP C OM , a novel
indexing-based solution for exactly answering distance queries. Our experiments
with two of the existing state-of-the-art methods (IS-Label and TreeMap) show
the superiority of T OP C OM over these two methods considering scalability and
query time. Besides, indexing of T OP C OM exploits the DAG (directed acyclic
graph) structure in the graph, which makes it significantly faster than the
existing methods if the SCCs (strongly connected component) of the input graph
are relatively small
Entropy Balance and Dispersive Oscillations in Lattice Boltzmann Models
We conduct an investigation into the dispersive post-shock oscillations in
the entropic lattice-Boltzmann method (ELBM). To this end we use a root finding
algorithm to implement the ELBM which displays fast cubic convergence and
guaranties the proper sign of dissipation. The resulting simulation on the
one-dimensional shock tube shows no benefit in terms of regularization from
using the ELBM over the standard LBGK method. We also conduct an experiment
investigating of the LBGK method using median filtering at a single point per
time step. Here we observe that significant regularization can be achieved.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures; 13/07/2009 Matlab code added to appendi
The Study of the Influence of Formulation and Process Variables on the properties of Simvastatin-Phospholipid Complex
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of the formulation and process variables on the entrapment efficiency of simvastatin-phospholipid complex (SPC), prepared with a goal of improving the solubility and permeability of simvastatin.
Method: The SPC was prepared using a solvent evaporation method. The influence of formulation and process variables on simvastatin entrapment was assessed using a central composite design. An additional SPC was prepared using the optimized variables from the developed quadratic model. This formulation was characterized for its physical-chemical properties. The functional attributes of the optimized SPC formulation were analyzed by apparent aqueous solubility analysis, in-vitro dissolution studies, dissolution efficiency analysis, and ex-vivo permeability studies.
Results: The factors studied were found to significantly influence on the entrapment efficiency. The developed model was validated using the optimized levels of formulation and process variables. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed a formation of the complex. The optimized SPC demonstrated over 25-fold higher aqueous solubility of simvastatin, compared to that of pure simvastatin. The optimized SPC exhibited a significantly higher rate and extent of simvastatin dissolution (\u3e98%), compared to that of pure simvastatin (โผ16%). The calculated dissolution efficiency was also found to be significantly higher for the SPC (โผ54 %), compared to that of pure simvastatin (โผ8%). Finally, the optimized SPC exhibited a significantly higher simvastatin permeability (\u3e78%), compared to that of pure simvastatin (โผ11%).
Implications: The present study shows that simvastatin-phospholipid complex can be a promising strategy for improving the delivery of simvastatin, and similar drugs with low aqueous solubility
In Vitro Evaluation of Eslicarbazepine Delivery via Enteral Feeding Tubes
Purpose: The feasibility of preparing an eslicarbazepine acetate suspension using Aptiom tablets for administration via enteral feeding tubes was evaluated. Methods: Eslicarbazepine acetate suspension (40 mg/mL) was prepared using Aptiom tablets after optimizing the tablet crushing methods and the vehicle composition. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to monitor the eslicarbazepine stability in the prepared suspension. Three enteric feeding tubes of various composition and dimensions were evaluated for the delivery of the suspensions. The suspension was evaluated for the physical and chemical stability for 48 hours. Results: The reproducibility and consistency of particle size reduction was found to be best with standard mortar/pestle. The viscosity analysis and physical stability studies showed that ORA-Plus:water (50:50 v/v) was optimal for suspending ability and flowability of suspension through the tubes. The developed HPLC method was found to be stability indicating and suitable for the assay of eslicarbazepine acetate in the prepared suspension. The eslicarbazepine concentrations in separately prepared suspensions were within acceptable range (ยฑ3%), indicating accuracy and reproducibility of the procedure. The eslicarbazepine concentrations in suspensions before and after delivery through the enteric feeding tubes were within acceptable range (ยฑ4%), indicating absence of any physical/chemical interactions of eslicarbazepine with the tubes and a successful delivery of eslicarbazepine dosage via enteric feeding tubes. The stability study results showed that eslicarbazepine concentration in the suspension remained unchanged when stored at room temperature for 48 hours. Conclusion: The study presents a convenient procedure for the preparation of a stable suspension of eslicarbazepine acetate (40 mg/mL) using Aptiom tablets, for administration via enteral feeding tubes
Design Studios in Instructional Design and Technology: What Are the Possibilities?
Design studios are an innovative way to educate Instructional Design and Technology (IDT) students. This article begins by addressing literature about IDT design studios. One conclusion from this literature is that IDT studios have been theoretically conceptualized. However, much of this conceptualization is insular to the field of IDT and only narrowly considers studio pedagogy. This insularity and narrowness is odd, given both that design studios inherently are borrowed from other disciplines and pedagogy is a focus within IDT. Thus, this article identifies and analyzes the purposes of design studios as considered in other disciplines and through disparate lenses. These purposes can serve as the basis of prescriptive pedagogy
The Effect of Watering Regimes on the Growth and Development of Alpinia Purpurata (Viell) K. Schum. Inflorescences
The objective of this research was to determine the water requirement of Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) to produce high quality inflorescences. A farm using overhead irrigation with impact sprinklers at 4.3 mm per hour for one hour three times per week proved superior to the drip irrigated three cultivars of Alpinia purpurata, red ginger, 'Eileen McDonald', and Ginoza No.__, were grown under different irrigation levels at the Waimanalo Research Station located in Waimanalo, Hawaii from August 1991 to May 1993. Five drip-irrigation treatments corresponded to replacement of 0.33 to 1.67 of pan evaporation.
Weekly samples of the shoots were monitored to determine the stages of growth and development of the plant. The stages of inflorescence development in chronological order were: inflorescence initiation, appearance of color at the shoot tip, swelling of the inflorescence, appearance of the inflorescence, and harvest of the shoot. The influence of water application rates was monitored by stomatal conductance, relative water content, total leaf area per shoot, inflorescence diameter and length, shoot diameter and length, number of expanded leaves, and number of inflorescences per clump. Seasonal trends were compared with environmental data collected by a weather station. The components of the soil water balance were determined.
The stages of inflorescence development were not affected by water application rates but were affected by the cultivars and seasonality. The average durations (weeks) for the appearance of color at the shoot tip, swelling of the inflorescence, appearance of the inflorescence, and harvest of the shoot were 20.8, 21.5, 23.2, and 26.4 respectively. The Ginoza cultivar took significantly longer from shoot emergence to all four stages compared to the other two cultivars. The Ginoza cultivar also produced the longest shoots, most number of expanded leaves, and shorter inflorescences than 'Eileen McDonald'. Shoots which emerged at the start of increasing temperatures and solar radiation (March and April) averaged shorter times to the four stages compared to shoots which emerged at the start of decreasing temperature and solar radiation (November).
The highest irrigation treatment produced higher quality inflorescences, but all treatments appeared to experience frequent water stress due to deep drainage
เชญเชพเชฐเชคเชจเชพ เชเชจเชฟเชเชคเซเชฒ เชเชฆเซเชฏเซเชเชจเซ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพเชจเชพ เชตเชฒเชฃเซเชจเซเช เชตเชฟเชถเซเชฐเซเชฒเซเชทเชฃโ (เชถเซเชงเซเชงเชฟเชเชฐเชฃเชจเซ เชเชพเชฎเชเซเชฐเซ เชเชฐเชคเซ เชเชเชชเชจเซเชเชจเชพ เชธเชเชฆเชฐเซเชญเชฎเชพเช)
เชตเซเชฏเชเซเชคเชฟเชเชค เชเชฒเซเชฏเชพเชฃ, เชเชฆเซเชฏเซเชเซเชจเซ เชธเชซเชณเชคเชพ เช
เชจเซ เชฐเชพเชทเซเชเซเชฐเชจเซ เชตเชฟเชเชพเชธ เช
เชจเซเชฏ เชชเชฐเชฟเชฌเชณเซเชจเซ เชธเชฐเชเชพเชฎเชฃเซเชฎเชพเช เชคเซเชจเซ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพ เชชเชฐ เชตเชงเชพเชฐเซ เชเชงเชพเชฐเซเชค เชฐเชนเซ เชเซ. เชเชตเซเช เชฌเชจเซ เชถเชเซ เชเซ เชฆเซเชจเชฟเชฏเชพเชจเชพ เชตเชฟเชตเชฟเชง เชฆเซเชถเซเชฎเชพเช เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพเชจเชพ เชธเชเชฆเชฐเซเชญเชฎเชพเช เชฐเชพเชเชเซเชฏ เชตเชฟเชเชพเชฐเชธเชฐเชฃเซเชฅเซ, เช
เชฐเซเชฅเชถเชพเชธเซเชคเซเชฐเชจเชพ เชฆเซเชฐเชทเซเชเชฟเชฌเชฟเชเชฆเซเชฅเซ เชเซ เช
เชจเซเชฏ เชเชพเชฐเชฃเซเชฅเซ เชตเชฟเชเชพเชฐเชญเซเชฆ เชเชฆเซเชญเชตเชคเชพ เชนเซเชฏ เชคเซเชฎ เชเชคเชพเช เช
เชเชคเซ เชคเซ เชตเชฟเชถเซเชตเชเชเซเชทเชพเช เชฌเชงเชพ เช เชฐเชพเชทเซเชเซเชฐเซ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพเชจเซเช เชงเซเชฐเชฃ เชเชเชเซ เชฒเชพเชตเชตเชพ เชฎเชพเชเซ เชเชเชฎเชค-เชธเชนเชฎเชค เชฅเชพเชฏ เชเซ. เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพเชจเซ เชตเชฟเชเชพเชฐ เชเชฃเซ เชเซเชจเซ เชเซ, เชชเชฐเชเชคเซ เชเชฆเซเชฏเซเชเชฟเช เชชเซเชฐเชเชคเชฟเชจเชพ เชชเชฐเซเชฏเชพเชฏ เชคเชฐเซเชเซ เชคเซเชจเซ เชเชชเชฏเซเช เชฌเซเชเชพ เชตเชฟเชถเซเชฐเซเชตเชฏเซเชงเซเชง เชฌเชพเชฆ เชฅเชฏเซ. เชเซเชเชชเชฃ เชฐเชพเชทเซเชเซเชฐเชจเซ เชตเชฟเชเชพเชธ เช
เชจเซ เชฐเชพเชทเซเชเซเชฐเชจเซ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพ เชเช เชธเชฟเชเซเชเชพเชจเซ เชฌเซ เชฌเชพเชเซ เชเชฃเชพเชถเซ. เชเชฆเซเชฏเซเชเซเชจเซ เชตเชฟเชเชพเชธ, เชจเชซเชพเชเชพเชฐเชเชคเชพ, เชตเซเชคเชจเชตเซเชงเซเชงเชฟ, เชฐเชพเชทเซเชเซเชฐเชจเซ เชเชฆเซเชฏเซเชเชฟเช เชชเซเชฐเชเชคเชฟ เช
เชจเซ เชเชเชเชพ เชเซเชตเชจเชงเซเชฐเชฃ เช
เชจเซ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพเชจเซเช เชธเซเชฅเชพเชจ เชเชฆเซเชฏเซเชเชฟเช เชเชเชคเชฎเชพเช เชชเซเชฐเชฅเชฎ เชเซเชฐเชฎเชพเชเชเซ เชเซเชตเชพ เชฎเชณเซ เชเซ. เชธเซ เชชเซเชฐเชฅเชฎ, เชตเชฐเซเชท เซงเซญเซฌเซฌ เชฎเชพเช เชเชตเซเชฐเชจเซ เชฆเซเชตเชพเชฐเชพ เชฒเชเชพเชฏเซเชฒเชพ เชฒเซเชเชฎเชพเช โเชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพโ เชถเชฌเซเชฆเชจเซ เชเชฒเซเชฒเซเช เชเชฐเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช เชเชตเซเชฒเซ. เชเช เชธเชฆเซ เชเชฐเชคเชพเช เชชเชฃ เชตเชงเชพเชฐเซ เชธเชฎเชฏ เชชเชเซ เซงเซฎเซฎเซฉ เชฎเชพเช เชฒเชฟเชเชฐเซ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพเชจเซ โเชจเซเชชเช (เชชเชฐเชฟเชฃเชพเชฎ)เชจเซ เชถเชเซเชคเชฟโ เชเชเชฒเซ เชเซ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชจ เชเชฐเชตเชพเชจเซ เชเชเซเชเชพ เชคเชฐเซเชเซ เชชเซเชฐเชธเซเชฅเชพเชชเชฟเชค เชเชฐเซเชฏเซเช. เซงเซฎเชฎเซ เชธเชฆเซเชจเชพ เช
เชเชคเชฎเชพเช โเชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพ เชฎเชพเชชเชจโ เชจเซ เช
เชฐเซเชฅเชถเชพเชธเซเชคเซเชฐ เช
เชจเซ เชธเชเชเชพเชฒเชจเชจเซ เชเช เช
เชญเซเชฏเชพเชธเชถเชพเชเชพ เชคเชฐเซเชเซ เชเชฆเซเชญเชต เชฅเชฏเซ, เชชเชฐเชเชคเซ เซงเซฏเซซเซฆ เชฎเชพเช เชฏเซเชฐเซเชชเซเชฏ เชเชฐเซเชฅเชฟเช เชธเชนเชเชพเชฐ เชธเชเชเช เชจเซ (OEEC) - เซงเซฏเซซเซฆ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพเชจเซ เชเชชเชเชพเชฐเชฟเช เช
เชญเชฟเชเชฎ เชเชชเซเชฏเซ. เซงเซฏเซซเซฆ เชฅเซ เซงเซฏเซฌเซฆ เชจเชพ เชฆเชถเชเชพ เชฆเชฐเชฎเซเชฏเชพเชจ เช เชธเชเชเช เชจ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพ เช
เชเชเซเชจเชพ เชเซเชเชพเชจเชจเซ เชซเซเชฒเชพเชตเซ เชเชฐเชตเชพเชฎเชพเช เชธเชเซเชฐเชฟเชฏเชชเชฃเซ เชฐเซเชเชพเชฏเซเชฒ เชนเชคเซเช. เชฏเซเชจเชพเชเชเซเชก เชธเซเชเซเชเซเชธเชฎเชพเช, เชเชเชคเชฐเชฐเชพเชทเซเชเซเชฐเซเชฏ เชถเซเชฐเชฎ เชธเชเชเช เชจ (IPO), เชฏเซเชฐเซเชชเซเชฏ เชเชคเซเชชเชพเชฆเชเชคเชพ เชเชเชจเซเชธเซ เชธเชพเชฅเซ เชธเชเชเชณเชพเชฏเซเชฒ เชเชพเชธ เชเชเชจเซเชธเซเชเชจเซ เซงเซฏเซซเซฉเชฎเชพเช เชธเซเชฅเชพเชชเชจเชพ เชฅเช
- โฆ