The Role of General Principles in EU Private International Law and the Perspectives of a Codification in the Field

The Article examines the role of general principles within the European system of private international law, with the following summary: 1. Introduction: the three different categories of general principles relevant for the construction of an EU system of private international law. 2. The general principles of private international law and the general principles of law common to most legal systems. 3. The general principles of EU law and their role in the development and the completion of the system. 4. The role of general principles and the uncertain perspectives of the adoption of an EU code of private international law

A brief overview of existence results and decay time estimates for a mathematical modeling of scintillating crystals

Inorganic scintillating crystals can be modelled as continua with microstructure. For rigid and isothermal crystals the evolution of charge carriers becomes in this way described by a reaction-diffusion-drift equation coupled with the Poisson equation of electrostatic. Here we give a survey of the available existence and asymptotic decays results for the resulting boundary value problem, the latter being a direct estimate of the scintillation decay time. We also show how to recover various approximated models which encompass also the two most used phenomenological models for scintillators, namely the Kinetic and Diffusive ones. Also for these cases we show, whenever it is possible, which existence and asymptotic decays estimate results are known to date.Comment: 39 pages, 1 figur

The Urban Child : An Inter-ethnic Interdisciplinary Approach with Pasquale Culotta and Michele Canzoneri

Peer Reviewe

Characterization of a defective PbWO4 crystal cut along the a-c crystallographic plane: structural assessment and a novel photoelastic stress analysis

Among scintillators, the PWO is one of the most widely used, for instance in CMS calorimeter at CERN and PANDA project. Crystallographic structure and chemical composition as well as residual stress condition, are indicators of homogeneity and good quality of the crystal. In this paper, structural characterization of a defective PbWO4 (PWO) crystal has been performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Photoelasticity in the unusual a-c crystallographic plane. XRD and EDS analysis have been used to investigate crystallographic orientation and chemical composition, while stress distribution, which indicates macroscopic inhomogeneities and defects, has been obtained by photoelastic approaches, in Conoscopic and Sphenoscopic configuration. Since the sample is cut along the a-c crystallographic plane, a new method is proposed for the interpretation of the fringe pattern. The structural analysis has detected odds from the nominal lattice dimension, which can be attributed to the strong presence of Pb and W. A strong inhomogeneity over the crystal sample has been revealed by the photoelastic inspection. The results give reliability to the proposed procedure which is exploitable in crystals with other structures.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, revised versio

The Refraction Indices and Brewster Law in Stressed Isotropic Materials and Cubic Crystals

none4noWe study the elasto-optic behavior of stressed cubic crystals (all classes) and isotropic materials (like e.g. glasses). We obtain the explicit dependence of the refraction indices on the stress (either applied or residual), as well as a mild generalization of the Brewster law for cubic crystals. We show also that the optic indicatrix and the stress ellipsoid are coaxial only in the isotropic case. This theory allows the improvement of the measurements techniques, as photoelasticity, on cubic crystals and optically isotropic materials.openDaniele Rinaldi,Pier Paolo Natali, Luigi Montalto,Fabrizio DavìRinaldi, Daniele; Natali, PIER PAOLO; Montalto, Luigi; Davi', Fabrizi

Vortex shape in unbaffled stirred vessels: experimental study via digital image analysis

There is a growing interest in using unbaffled stirred tanks for addressing certain processing needs. In this work, digital image analysis coupled with a suitable shadowgraphy-based technique is used to investigate the shape of the free-surface vortex that forms in uncovered unbaffled stirred tanks. The technique is based on back-lighting the vessel and suitably averaging vortex shape over time. Impeller clearance from vessel bottom and tank filling level are varied to investigate their influence on vortex shape. A correlation is finally proposed to fully describe vortex shape also when the vortex encompasses the impeller

The potential of Λ and Ξ− studies with PANDA at FAIR

The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯p→Λ¯Λ and p¯p→Ξ¯+Ξ−. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA