Emotion in the workplace: The new challenge for managers

Emotions in workplace settings and emotional intelligence are hot topics in management today. Leading business journals such as Fortune and Harvard Business Review have featured articles on emotional intelligence. But there is more to emotions in the workplace than just emotional intelligence. The aim of this article is to acquaint managers with intriguing new research that examines both emotional intelligence and the broader issue of emotion, which has been shown to play a powerful role in workplace settings. We show that this research has a strong potential for practical application in organizations within many broad human-resource functions such as selection, performance management, and training, as well as implications for more narrow domains like customer service. We conclude that the study of emotions in organizational settings has provided new and important insights into the way in which people in organizations behave, and we offer advice for managers to enable them to develop and to maintain a positive emotional climate in their organizations

Geometry-based tunability enhancement of flexible thin-film varactors

In this letter, flexible voltage-controlled capacitors (varactors) based on an amorphous Indium–Gallium–Zinc–Oxide (a-IGZO) semiconductor are presented. Two different varactor designs and their influence on the capacitance tuning characteristics are investigated. The first design consists of a top electrode finger structure which yields a maximum capacitance tunability of 6.9 at 10 kHz. Second, a novel interdigitated varactor structure results in a maximum tunability of 93.7 at 100 kHz. The design- and frequency-dependencies of the devices are evaluated through C–V measurements. Furthermore, we show bending stability of the devices down to a tensile radius of 6 mm without altering the performance. Finally, a varactor is combined with a thin-film resistor to demonstrate a tunable RC-circuit for impedance matching and low-pass filtering applications. The device fabrication flow and material stack are compatible with standard flexible thin-film transistor fabrication which enables parallel implementation of analog or logic circuitry and varactor devices

Emotion and performance

The study of emotions in organizational settings has attained considerable prominence in recent years, but I critical issue remains unresolved. This is the relationship between emotion and performance. in this special issue, 5 articles address this topic from a variety of viewpoints. Two are theoretical essays that deal, respectively, with emotion and creativity and the relationships between individual and team performance. Three are empirical studies that canvass the emotion-performance nexus across levels of analysis: within person, between persons, and in groups. Between them, the 5 articles present a strong case for the nexus of emotions and performance, but, more important, they provide a platform for potentially fruitful future research in this burgeoning area

JAZF1, A Novel p400/TIP60/NuA4 Complex Member, Regulates H2A.Z Acetylation at Regulatory Regions

Histone variants differ in amino acid sequence, expression timing and genomic localization sites from canonical histones and convey unique functions to eukaryotic cells. Their tightly controlled spatial and temporal deposition into specific chromatin regions is accomplished by dedicated chaperone and/or remodeling complexes. While quantitatively identifying the chaperone complexes of many human H2A variants by using mass spectrometry, we also found additional members of the known H2A.Z chaperone complexes p400/TIP60/NuA4 and SRCAP. We discovered JAZF1, a nuclear/nucleolar protein, as a member of a p400 sub-complex containing MBTD1 but excluding ANP32E. Depletion of JAZF1 results in transcriptome changes that affect, among other pathways, ribosome biogenesis. To identify the underlying molecular mechanism contributing to JAZF1's function in gene regulation, we performed genome-wide ChIP-seq analyses. Interestingly, depletion of JAZF1 leads to reduced H2A.Z acetylation levels at > 1000 regulatory sites without affecting H2A.Z nucleosome positioning. Since JAZF1 associates with the histone acetyltransferase TIP60, whose depletion causes a correlated H2A.Z deacetylation of several JAZF1-targeted enhancer regions, we speculate that JAZF1 acts as chromatin modulator by recruiting TIP60's enzymatic activity. Altogether, this study uncovers JAZF1 as a member of a TIP60-containing p400 chaperone complex orchestrating H2A.Z acetylation at regulatory regions controlling the expression of genes, many of which are involved in ribosome biogenesis

Non-Volatile Resistive Switching of Polymer Residues in 2D Material Memristors

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are popular candidates for emerging nanoscale devices, including memristors. Resistive switching (RS) in such 2D material memristors has been attributed to the formation and dissolution of conductive filaments created by the diffusion of metal ions between the electrodes. However, the area-scalable fabrication of patterned devices involves polymers that are difficult to remove from the 2D material interfaces without damage. Remaining polymer residues are often overlooked when interpreting the RS characteristics of 2D material memristors. Here, we demonstrate that the parasitic residues themselves can be the origin of RS. We emphasize the necessity to fabricate appropriate reference structures and employ atomic-scale material characterization techniques to properly evaluate the potential of 2D materials as the switching layer in vertical memristors. Our polymer-residue-based memristors exhibit RS typical for a filamentary mechanism with metal ion migration, and their performance parameters are strikingly similar to commonly reported 2D material memristors. This reveals that the exclusive consideration of electrical data without a thorough verification of material interfaces can easily lead to misinterpretations about the potential of 2D materials for memristor applications.Comment: 30 page

Crystallographic Orientation Relationship with Geometrically Necessary Dislocation Accumulation During High-Temperature Deformation in RR1000 Nickel-Based Superalloy

In the current study, it is demonstrated that soft grains along 〈100〉 fiber provided a pure shear condition for easy dislocation movement leading to a relatively low dislocation density. The hard grains along the 〈111〉 fiber, however, were not favorably oriented for slip system activation and caused high dislocation accumulation. It is concluded that the average overall dislocation density does not provide a meaningful value, as it is largely dependent on the original material crystallographic texture, the numbers of hard and soft grains in the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapped area, and the grain size factor

Inter-domain Communication Mechanisms in an ABC Importer: A Molecular Dynamics Study of the MalFGK2E Complex

ATP-Binding Cassette transporters are ubiquitous membrane proteins that convert the energy from ATP-binding and hydrolysis into conformational changes of the transmembrane region to allow the translocation of substrates against their concentration gradient. Despite the large amount of structural and biochemical data available for this family, it is still not clear how the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis in the ATPase domains is “transmitted” to the transmembrane domains. In this work, we focus our attention on the consequences of hydrolysis and inorganic phosphate exit in the maltose uptake system (MalFGK2E) from Escherichia coli. The prime goal is to identify and map the structural changes occurring during an ATP-hydrolytic cycle. For that, we use extensive molecular dynamics simulations to study three potential intermediate states (with 10 replicates each): an ATP-bound, an ADP plus inorganic phosphate-bound and an ADP-bound state. Our results show that the residues presenting major rearrangements are located in the A-loop, in the helical sub-domain, and in the “EAA motif” (especially in the “coupling helices” region). Additionally, in one of the simulations with ADP we were able to observe the opening of the NBD dimer accompanied by the dissociation of ADP from the ABC signature motif, but not from its corresponding P-loop motif. This work, together with several other MD studies, suggests a common communication mechanism both for importers and exporters, in which ATP-hydrolysis induces conformational changes in the helical sub-domain region, in turn transferred to the transmembrane domains via the “coupling helices”

Varicellovirus UL49.5 Proteins Differentially Affect the Function of the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing, TAP

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes play an important role in the protection against viral infections, which they detect through the recognition of virus-derived peptides, presented in the context of MHC class I molecules at the surface of the infected cell. The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) plays an essential role in MHC class I–restricted antigen presentation, as TAP imports peptides into the ER, where peptide loading of MHC class I molecules takes place. In this study, the UL49.5 proteins of the varicelloviruses bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) are characterized as members of a novel class of viral immune evasion proteins. These UL49.5 proteins interfere with MHC class I antigen presentation by blocking the supply of antigenic peptides through inhibition of TAP. BHV-1, PRV, and EHV-1 recombinant viruses lacking UL49.5 no longer interfere with peptide transport. Combined with the observation that the individually expressed UL49.5 proteins block TAP as well, these data indicate that UL49.5 is the viral factor that is both necessary and sufficient to abolish TAP function during productive infection by these viruses. The mechanisms through which the UL49.5 proteins of BHV-1, PRV, EHV-1, and EHV-4 block TAP exhibit surprising diversity. BHV-1 UL49.5 targets TAP for proteasomal degradation, whereas EHV-1 and EHV-4 UL49.5 interfere with the binding of ATP to TAP. In contrast, TAP stability and ATP recruitment are not affected by PRV UL49.5, although it has the capacity to arrest the peptide transporter in a translocation-incompetent state, a property shared with the BHV-1 and EHV-1 UL49.5. Taken together, these results classify the UL49.5 gene products of BHV-1, PRV, EHV-1, and EHV-4 as members of a novel family of viral immune evasion proteins, inhibiting TAP through a variety of mechanisms