Patient Characteristics Related to Phlebitis in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Hospital

The insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is common for treatment among hospitalized patients. However, this procedure usually fails before the end of therapy because of several complications, including phlebitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of phlebitis among patients with PIVC. A prospective cohort study was conducted in one of the hospitals located in East Coast Malaysia. The presence of phlebitis was assessed using the visual infusion phlebitis score checklist. The patients were followed until PIVC removal. A total of 321 data were collected among patients who received a new PIVC in the medical, gynecology, and orthopedic wards. The incidence of phlebitis was 36.1% (n= 116), and 96.6% of which were grade II. Patients aged 60 years (51.5%), men (42.2%), no known phlebitis history (47.4%), and with chronic disease record (46.8%) were determined as the highest percentage with phlebitis. This study demonstrated that age, gender, and chronic diseases were risk factors of developing phlebitis.Abstrak Karakteristik Pasien yang Berhubungan dengan Flebitis di Rumah Sakit Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malayía. Di antara pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit, penyisipan kateter intravena perifer (PIVC) umum untuk pengobatan. Namun, prosedur ini seringkali gagal sebelum terapi selesai karena beberapa komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasi yang terjadi adalah flebitis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kejadian dan faktor-faktor terkait flebitis di antara pasien dengan PIVC. Sebuah studi kohort prospektif dilakukan di salah satu rumah sakit yang berlokasi di Pantai Timur Malaysia. Kejadian flebitis dinilai menggunakan daftar periksa skor Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP). Para pasien ditindaklanjuti sampai pengangkatan PIVC. Terdapat 321 data yang dikumpulkan di antara pasien yang menerima PIVC baru di bangsal medis, ginekologi, dan ortopedi. Insiden flebitis ditemukan 36,1% (n= 116), 96,6% di antaranya adalah grade II. Pasien berusia 60 tahun (51,5%), pria (42,2%), pasien tidak memiliki riwayat flebitis (47,4%) dan pasien dengan catatan penyakit kronis (46,8%) tercatat sebagai persentase tertinggi dengan flebitis. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, dan pasien dengan penyakit kronis kemungkinan besar mengalami flebitis. Kata Kunci: flebitis, kateter intravena peripheral, pasien dewas

Patient Characteristics Related to Phlebitis in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Hospital

The insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is common for treatment among hospitalized patients. However, this procedure usually fails before the end of therapy because of several complications, including phlebitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of phlebitis among patients with PIVC. A prospective cohort study was conducted in one of the hospitals located in East Coast Malaysia. The presence of phlebitis was assessed using the visual infusion phlebitis score checklist. The patients were followed until PIVC removal. A total of 321 data were collected among patients who received a new PIVC in the medical, gynecology, and orthopedic wards. The incidence of phlebitis was 36.1% (n= 116), and 96.6% of which were grade II. Patients aged 60 years (51.5%), men (42.2%), no known phlebitis history (47.4%), and with chronic disease record (46.8%) were determined as the highest percentage with phlebitis. This study demonstrated that age, gender, and chronic diseases were risk factors of developing phlebitis. Abstrak Karakteristik Pasien yang Berhubungan dengan Flebitis di Rumah Sakit Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malayía. Di antara pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit, penyisipan kateter intravena perifer (PIVC) umum untuk pengobatan. Namun, prosedur ini seringkali gagal sebelum terapi selesai karena beberapa komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasi yang terjadi adalah flebitis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kejadian dan faktor-faktor terkait flebitis di antara pasien dengan PIVC. Sebuah studi kohort prospektif dilakukan di salah satu rumah sakit yang berlokasi di Pantai Timur Malaysia. Kejadian flebitis dinilai menggunakan daftar periksa skor Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP). Para pasien ditindaklanjuti sampai pengangkatan PIVC. Terdapat 321 data yang dikumpulkan di antara pasien yang menerima PIVC baru di bangsal medis, ginekologi, dan ortopedi. Insiden flebitis ditemukan 36,1% (n= 116), 96,6% di antaranya adalah grade II. Pasien berusia 60 tahun (51,5%), pria (42,2%), pasien tidak memiliki riwayat flebitis (47,4%) dan pasien dengan catatan penyakit kronis (46,8%) tercatat sebagai persentase tertinggi dengan flebitis. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, dan pasien dengan penyakit kronis kemungkinan besar mengalami flebitis. Kata Kunci: flebitis, kateter intravena peripheral, pasien dewas

The effect of human resource practices on organizational citizenship behavior

Many researchers conducted study in the area of organizational citizenship behaviour but there is little research and less focus on service organizations, particularly educational institution. The study is a replication of Veldhoven and Meijman (1996), Johnson (1996), Lytle, Hom and Mokwa (1998), Weer (2006), Podsakoff and Mckenzie (1994) which adapting 25 item instruments on participation in decision making, training and development and career development that will impact on the exhibition of organizational citizenship behaviour among administrative staff in the university. The study aims to understand the relationship of human resource practices on organizational citizenship behaviour within the context of university as educational institution. Based on the analysis it was found that career management and training made significant contributions to organizational citizenship behaviour. Recommendations and implications for future research and practice were also discusse

Approaches to learning and academic achievement in higher education

An approach to learning concerns the dynamic way in which individuals relate to and organise a learning task, and is influenced by prior experiences and perceptions of the requirements of the learning context (Ramsden, 1987). The concept of learning approaches came from Marton and Säljö (1979) based on their seminal work on 30 graduate students at the University of Götenburg in Sweden. The students were interviewed after completing a reading task and questions were asked about the text as well as about the way in which they completed the task. The responses to the questions suggested a variety of differences in the way the students acquired and processed the information. While some students focussed on the intention of the authors and tried to identify the principle ideas (content), others tried to memorise as much as possible and often recalled the examples (signs) cited by the authors rather than the main ideas. The former was seen as a product of deep-level processing and the students had adopted a holistic approach to their activity whereas the latter was a result of surface-level processing and the students had an atomistic approach to the task

Association between walking time spent and high sensitivity C-reactive protein level among obese women

Objective This study aims to assess the association between the walking time spent and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level to determine the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among obese women. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted in Kuantan, Pahang. The purposive sampling method was chosen. 76 obese women aged 18 years old and above were included in the study. Data were collected by using the set of the self-reported questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic and the walking time for the past 7 days. The sample blood test was taken to check for hs-CRP level. Results Walking time spent in minutes was found to be significantly inverse associated with the hs-CRP level (p = 0.040) among obese women. Conclusion The increase in walking time spent can help reduce the hs-CRP level, therefore reduce the risk for CVD

Association between body mass index and cardiometabolic risks among Malay obese adults

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is a cluster of risk factors that may predict the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the association between CMR with body mass index (BMI) among obese adults. The CMRs, including waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, were quantified in 82 obese adults. The findings indicate the highest correlation coefficient value ( r) was .618 between BMI and waist circumference; a weak correlation between mass index and systolic ( r = .276) and diastolic ( r = .311) blood pressure and hs-CRP ( r = .384); and a very weak correlation between BMI level and fasting blood glucose ( r = .069), total cholesterol ( r = .014), low-density lipoprotein (.013), high-density lipoprotein (-.154), and triglyceride (.173). Future strategies for CMR reduction among obese adults should focus on waist circumference and hs-CRP level

A meta-synthesis on nursing students’ perception of problem-based learning

Problem based learning is an option of the teaching methods. PBL has been introduce in the nursing education in the late sixties. Later, PBL has been adopted by many nursing schools to produce nursing graduates who can explore options, are articulate and have the capacity for developing appropriate strategies based on reflective decision making and competent to practice. A meta-synthesis on nursing students’ perception of problem-based learning, serves the best available evidences for preparing educational practice guidelines in nursing curriculum, informing decision making and identify areas for further research. Although some nursing programmes are not applying PBL as a teaching method, with these meta-analyses findings of this systematic review can help in revising the nursing curriculum. The changes in nursing curriculum, nurses will be outstanding problem solver, critical thinker and self directed in order to deliver safe and professional care for their patients. A meta-synthesis on nursing students’ perception of problem-based learning, shows a definite evidence of transferable skills developed through PBL process that increased students‟ performance in clinical practice. The book targets a broad audience ranging from undergraduate nursing students to graduate students, from nursing lecturers to nursing curriculum decision makers