Self-Reconfigurable Analog Arrays: Off-The Shelf Adaptive Electronics for Space Applications

Development of analog electronic solutions for space avionics is expensive and lengthy. Lack of flexible analog devices, counterparts to digital Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), prevents analog designers from benefits of rapid prototyping. This forces them to expensive and lengthy custom design, fabrication, and qualification of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The limitations come from two directions: commercial Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) have limited variability in the components offered on-chip; and they are only qualified for best case scenarios for military grade (-55C to +125C). In order to avoid huge overheads, there is a growing trend towards avoiding thermal and radiation protection by developing extreme environment electronics, which maintain correct operation while exposed to temperature extremes (-180degC to +125degC). This paper describes a recent FPAA design, the Self-Reconfigurable Analog Array (SRAA) developed at JPL. It overcomes both limitations, offering a variety of analog cells inside the array together with the possibility of self-correction at extreme temperatures

Economic Valuation of Pineapple Cultivation on Peat Soil at the Integrated Agricultural Development Area, Samarahan, Sarawak

Agricultural activities on peat soil are quite common in Malaysia. There are about 2.4 million hectare of peat in the country with 60% of this is located in Sarawak. Pineapple has been traditionally cultivated on peat soil in Malaysia as is the case in Samarahan, Sarawak. The economic value of pineapple cultivation on peat soil should measure beyond private benefits (profit) and include global/social benefits (carbon sequestration value and willingness-to-pay value for better environment). Farmers surrounding the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA) prefer to plant pineapple by using traditional method which means they are not maximizing their returns by planting at a much lower density than recommended by IADA. The high cost in fertilizer associated with pineapple cultivation caused some farmers to resort to plant at a lower density. The returns of the farmers are compared to the potential return with the matrix system (high-density planting). These farmers are also using the traditional method of residue burning which is harmful to the environment. There is a need to emphasize on the proper management of our resources like the sustainable utilization of natural resources such as peat soil. The practice of zero burning technique (ZBT) in pineapple cultivation has the advantage of greater carbon sequestration in soil compared to the traditional practice of residue burning and this the indirect benefit of using ZBT. The value of using ZBT is compared to residue burning technique in terms of net present value (NPV) by using costbenefit analysis (CBA). The total economic value (TEV) is the sum of the private benefits and global/social benefits. There is the incentive to adopt ZBT as it gives higher value than residue burning technique. Farmers who switch to ZBT may experience lower profitability (private benefits) but it results in higher global/social benefits especially through the value of soil carbon sequestration. In the long run it is environmentally sound as it results in the sustainable use of natural resources. The benefit of soil carbon sequestration can compensate the extra cost associated with ZBT. The market price of carbon should be at least RM6.72/tC for ZBT to yield similar total benefits with residue burning technique. The total economic value (TEV) shows that ZBT offers greater net benefit than residue burning. Adopting sustainable practices such as ZBT in our agricultural system is a good step in the utilization of natural resource and should be practiced extensively

Intra-Industry Trade Between Malaysia and Selected ASEAN Countries

This study analyses the intra-industry trade (IIT) in selected manufacturing sector, the SITC 7 classification under the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) between Malaysia and four ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand). The share of SITC 7 in Malaysia's exports today is more than 40% and we seek to measure the level of IIT between Malaysia and those ASEAN countries from 1970 to 2000. At the same time, we are interested in analysing the volume, growth, and flow of trade among these countries. Some product groups (728, 759, 764, and 776) within the SITC 7 that contributed significantly within this classification in trade since 1 980 are analysed. 1he method of analysis involves calculating the G-L index; the volume of trade in terms of total trade (IT), intra-industry trade (IIT), and net trade (NT); changes in the volume of trade; and the graphical illustration of trade composition by using the industry trade box (ITB). It is found that the level of IIT was very low for the case of Indonesia and the Philippines during the 1970s and slowly increased in the 1980s. The level of IIT was already high for Singapore and Thailand in the 1970s, but decreased for Singapore in the 1990s and slightly decreased for Thailand in the late 19808. Thailand has replaced Singapore as the country with the highest IIT level with Malaysia in the 1990s. Trade in the selected product groups shows that Malaysia traded heavily with Singapore in all of the groups and then followed by Thailand in most of the groups. Thailand shows more flows in both directions in all of the groups and although this happened in the other groups with the other countries, the norm is that goods flow mostly in one direction. In the 1980s IIT level was low for Indonesia and Philippines but high for Singapore and Thailand. lIT level in 19908 decreased for Singapore in all groups but increased for Thailand in all groups, except product 728. So it can be concluded that Singapore and Thailand have been the more active IIT partner with Malaysia. Although time series analysis on IlT is rare, the influence of income (PCI) and country size (GOP) on IIT is analysed in this study and it is found that PCI has a positive influence on IIT. GOP also affect IIT positively for Indonesia and Philippines, but negatively for Singapore and Thailand. Thus this simple model gives us a consistent result for PCI but not for GDP. This is because IIT level for Singapore decreased in the 1990s and the decrease in IIT for Thailand during the second half of the 1980s

The impact of cost of production and price fluctuation on the revenues of pepper farmers

This paper seeks to explain the socio-economic impact of the pepper farmers based on the cost of production and global price fluctuation. The impacts on the farmers will be examined to gain insights on their income from pepper farming. Efficiency in farm management is measured and compared to the standard that has been set by the Malaysian Pepper Board (MPB). Benefit-cost ratio, gross margin and net income will be calculated to estimate the cost and revenue. Time series model is used in calculating price fluctuation and forecasting of price. Production costs is dependent on few factors and the efficiency in managing these will have an impact on farmers’ income. There should be a threshold price for which pepper can be an attractive crop for farmers

Iban women and side-income generation in Bintulu

Like other women, Iban women do several activities as the side-income generation to support family life such as farming, handicraft making, and traditional food processing and business. This study aims to investigate the involvement of Iban women in the side-income generation in Bintulu, Sarawak. Thus, the target population in this study is Iban women who are involved in side-income activities only as not all Iban women in Bintulu involve in side-income activities. This study will identify the type of side-income activities and find out barriers to women's participation in side-income activities and propose relevant solutions to the problems. The questionnaire will be distributed to the target population and descriptive data analysis will be used to describe and summarize the findings. From the findings of the study, the researcher will come out with relevant suggestions to reduce and solve problems faced by Iban women in the side-income generation. For instance, propose appropriate programs and training to enhance their knowledge and skills in side-income activities that they preferred. Side-income generation among Iban women not only benefits the family but will create positive effects on Iban women development and empowerment in Sarawak generally

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory effects and safety of Ziziphus mistol fruits

Ziziphus mistol Griseb. (Rhamnaceae), popularly known as ?mistol,? is widely distributed throughout Perú, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. Its fruit is consumed in different forms in several argentinean communities. The present study was carried out to investigate the medicinal properties and safety of Ziziphus mistol (mistol) fruits ethanol and aqueous extracts and arrope. Antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin, acetic acid-induced writhing and tail-flick tests in rats. Anti-inflammatory effects were determinated through carrageenan induced edema test and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, in rats. The safety was evaluated with test of acute toxicity (48 hs) and sub-chronic toxicity (91 days).All extracts (1,000 mg / kg body weight) showed significant inhibition (P <0.05) in the pain and inflammation experimentally induced. In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 4000 and 8000 mg/kg b.w., produced no mortality and no clinical signs of disease were observed after 48 h. In the sub-chronic toxicity study the extracts no caused significant visible signs of toxicity, nor mortality for 91 consecutive days of treatment. No significant differences were found in relative organ weights and hematological and biochemical parameters between the treated groups and the control groups. Aqueous extract and arrope of Z. mistol fruits could be good source of antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory agents because of its good activity and safety.Fil: Reynoso, Marcos Adrian. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Daud, Adriana del Valle. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Belizán, María Melina Eleonora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Farmacia. Cátedra de Farmacoquímica; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Riera, Alvaro. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Nancy Roxana. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Farmacia. Cátedra de Farmacoquímica; Argentin

Pendampingan Penulisan Artikel Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Sabu Raijua

The significance of classroom action research in improving the learning process and quality in the classroom and classroom action research for teacher career advancement in terms of rankings and suggested career paths. The aim is to help teachers understand the importance of writing. The method used is, first, the basic concept of classroom action research. Second, practice writing action research in the classroom. And a summary of the results. From the training results, it is known that after following the material, understanding and mastery of CAR increased compared to before. Teachers can understand the duties and responsibilities in writing activities in class. So the teacher can understand the importance of references in writing articles

The lincRNA MIRAT binds to IQGAP1 and modulates the MAPK pathway in NRAS mutant melanoma.

Despite major advances in targeted melanoma therapies, drug resistance limits their efficacy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcriptome elements that do not encode proteins but are important regulatory molecules. LncRNAs have been implicated in cancer development and response to different therapeutics and are thus potential treatment targets; however, the majority of their functions and molecular interactions remain unexplored. In this study, we identify a novel cytoplasmic intergenic lincRNA (MIRAT), which is upregulated following prolonged MAPK inhibition in NRAS mutant melanoma and modulates MAPK signaling by binding to the MEK scaffold protein IQGAP1. Collectively, our results present MIRAT's direct modulatory effect on the MAPK pathway and highlight the relevance of cytoplasmic lncRNAs as potential targets in drug resistant cancer

KALPATARU Majalah Arkeologi vo. 22 nomor 1

Interaksi Regional dan Cikal Bakal Perdagangan Internasional di Maluku 0/eh: Daud Aris Tanudirjo, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada Sejarah telah mencatat peran penting Kepulauan Maluku dalam jejaring perdagangan intemasional setidaknya sejak awal abad Masehi. Beberapa sumber sejarah kuno memberikan kesaksian keberadaan cengkeh di tempat-tempat yang jauh dari sumber tanaman endemik Maluku ini. Naturalis Romawi, sejarah Dinasti Han (abad 2 SM - 2 M), menuliskan tentang adanya rempah­rempah (cengkeh, chi-she, ting-hsiang) yang didatangkan dari Mo-wu atau Maluku (Wolters, 1967). Jejaring perdagangan yang melibatkan Maluku memuncak sekitar abad ke-16 tidak lama setelah orang-orang Eropa mulai menjelajahi lautan untuk mencari "emas hijau" ini di tempat asalnya. Peran penting Maluku dalam jejaring perdagangan dunia adalah salah satu puncak proses evolusi budaya yang berakar dari interaksi regional yang telah terjadi sejak ribuan tahun sebelumnya. Makalah ini mencoba menelusuri kembali cikal bakal dan perjalanan panjang sejarah terbentuknya jejaring perdagangan intemasional di kawasan Maluku ini. Wilayah Maluku dalam Konteks Perdagangan Internasional 0/eh: Adrian B. Lapian, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia Kepulauan Maluku senantiasa melekat dengan peran sebagai kawasan sumber komoditi eksotik seperti cengkeh dan pala. Nilai tinggi rempah sebagai komoditi telah mendorong Maluku ke dalam kontak dan interaksi dengan dunia luar semenjak berabad silam dan membentuk suatu kawasan niaga yang dinamis pada masa itu. Kondisi ini mencapai puncaknya menyusul kedatangan orang­orang Eropa yang kemudian menetapkan hegemoni mereka atas aktivitas perdagangan rempah di wilayah ini sebagaimana tergambar dalam dominasi Belanda secara historis. Laut Banda dan Laut Arafura menjadi dua kawasan sentral dalam aktivitas niaga masa lalu di Kepulauan Maluku. Peran yang sama masih ditemukan hingga saat ini. Makalah ini mencoba meninjau peran wilayah Maluku dalam konteks perdagangan internasional di masa lalu dengan berpijak pada sumber­sumber historis yang menjelaskan tentang peran dua kawasan sentral Laut Banda dan Laut Arafura. Refleksi atas kondisi terkini dua wilayah niaga penting di Maluku ini, menunjukan peran Laut Banda dan Laut Arafura sebagai kawasan sumber, masih lestari hingga saat ini. Perniagaan dan Islamisasi di Wilayah Maluku 0/eh: Wuri Handoko, Balai Arkeologi Ambon Perdagangan dan Islamisasi di wilayah Maluku, merupakan kajian yang saling berkaitan, sebagaimana kajian Islam di wilayah Nusantara lainnya. Proses Islamisasi di wilayah Maluku selain karena perluasan kekuasaan, juga perluasan perdagangan akibat persaingan menguasasi jaringan ekonomi. Perluasan ekonomi melalui jaringan perniagaan, adalah salah satu strategi para mubaligh dalam memperluas atau menyebarkan Islam. Dalam berbagai literatur disebutkan, bahwa para mubaligh, juga didominasi oleh pedagang, artinya mubaligh sekaligus pedagang. Dalam konteks perdangan dan Islamisasi, perdagangan semakin berkembang ketika lembaga Islam terbentuk, selanjutnya terjalin jaringan niaga antar kerajaan. Melalui kajian studi pustaka, tulisan ini berusaha menjelaskan masalah tersebut. Wilayah yang menjadi fokus perhatian kajian ini adalah wilayah Maluku Tengah, hal ini mengingat wilayah ini merupakan wilayah penyebaran Islam terbesar yang berasal dari pusat kekuasaan Islam di Maluku Utara. Perjalanan panjang sejarah terbentuknya jejaring perdagangan intemasional di kawasan Maluku ini. Pelayaran dan Perdagangan Masa Lalu di Kepulauan Maluku Tenggara 0/eh: Marlon Ririmasse, Balai Arkeologi Ambon Kepulauan Maluku Tenggara adalah wilayah yang membentang antara Timar hingga Papua. Karakteristik geografis yang kompleks telah membentuk profil budaya kawasan ini yang menjadi sedemikian raya. Sejak awal Masehi wilayah ini juga dikenal sebagai kawasan sumber komoditi eksotik seperti mutiara bulu burung cendrawasih, emas, tenun hingga budak. Hal mana yang membuat kontak dan interaksi niaga dengan dunia luar telah terbentuk sejak berabad silam dan menciptakan profil kompleks sejarah budaya kawasan. Lepas dari peran kunci dimaksud, studi­studi sejarah budaya belum banyak memberikan perhatian atas dinamika kontak dan interaksi niaga di wilayah ini pada masa lalu.Termasuk dalam aspek arkeologis. Makalah ini mencoba mengisi ruang dimaksud dengan mengamati karakteristik aktivitas pelayaran dan perdagangan masa lalu di Kepulauan Maluku Tenggara serta implikasinya atas profil sejarah budaya kawasan. Studi pustaka dilekatkan sebagai pendekatan menjawab permasalah yang diajukan dalam kajian mula ini. Hasil telaah menemukan bahwa Kepulauan Maluku Tenggara telah membentuk suatu sistem pelayaran dan perdagangag yang kompleks masa prasejarah terus berkembang hingga masa kolonial. Implikasi atas proses kompleks ini kiranya dapat diamati dari karakteristik budaya wilayah ini yang raya serta jejak budaya materi yang tersebar luas dalam lingkup kawasan Perdagangan Cengkih Masa Kolonial dan Jejak Pengaruhnya di Kepulauan Lease 0/eh: Syahruddin Mansyur, Balai Arkeologi Ambon Jaringan perdagangan masa lampau menempatkan rempah-rempah sebagai komoditi utama. Dalam konteks ini, wilayah Maluku dikenal sebagai surga rempah-rempah, karena dua komoditi utama yang dihasilkan yaitu cengkih (Sysgium aromaticum; Eugenia aromaticum) dan pala (Myristicafragrans). Para pedagang Belanda melalui kongsi dagangnya yang dibentuk pada tahun 1602 yaitu Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) berhasil merebut hegemoni perdagangan rempah-rempah di Maluku. Topik tulisan ini adalah jejak jaringan perdagangan masa Kolonia! terkait dengan kebijakan monopoli cengkih yang diterapkan oleh VOC sekitar pertengahan abad ke-17 hingga pertengahan abad ke-19 di Maluku. Periode ini ditandai dengan pemusatan produksi cengkih di tiga gugus pulau yaitu Nusalaut, Saparua, dan Haruku atau sering disebut Kepulauan Lease. Aspek yang dikaji adalah jejak pengaruh perdagangan cengkih masa Kolonia! di Kepulauan Lease

Government debt: an empirical analysis with structural break for the economy of Malaysia

Malaysia recorded a fiscal policy with a deficit budget since the economic crisis in 1997. During the tough economic crisis to maintain economic growth, the government committed to stimulus fiscal budget controlling. According to the Keynesian theory, a fiscal policy may induce economic growth at moderate levels of public debt. Although debt and economic growth are not recent issues faced by the Malaysia government, the impact government debt on economic growth has been debated, especially in terms of imbalances development. This work aims to investigate the relationship between economic growth and government debt in Malaysia, with the application of structural break analysis. We utilized econometric techniques such as unit root tests and Granger. Regarding the unit root test, we used structural break combinations with pure and partial structural change models. The analysis is based on data across the period of 1970 to 2018. We find more evidence against the unit root test with structural breaks in Malaysia, with causality between debt and economic growth