Modeling, simulation and implementation of low power photovoltaic energy conversion system

Remote areas in India are still not connected to the power grid. But they have mobile network connectivity. The people face problems in charging their cell phones. They are forced to travel a long distances to get access to electrical outlets. This project focuses on providing a Photovoltaic System which could charge a cell phone battery. The developed system provides a solution to this problem. The system comprises of PV array, Maximum Power Point Tracker, Buck Converter and Charging Circuit. The system is modeled and simulated in Matlab-Simulink Environment. Hardware for the system is also implemented. We find proper synchronism between the results

Applications of polysaccharides in topical and transdermal drug delivery: A recent update of literature

The main aim of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is to deliver a specific dose of drug across the skin and to reach systemic circulation at a controlled rate. On the other hand skin is the target for topical drug delivery. Mentioned drug delivery systems (DDS) have numerous advantages compared to oral and parenteral routes. Avoidance of first-pass metabolism, prevent drug degradation due to harsh environment of the stomach, allow controlled drug delivery, provide patient compliance, and pain-free administration are a few of them. To achieve all of them, a DDS with suitable polymer is the primary requisite. Based on the recent trends, natural polymers have been more popular in comparison to synthetic polymers because the former possesses favourable properties including nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, low cost, sustainable and renewable resources. In this context polysaccharides, composed of chains of monosaccharides bound together by glycosidic bonds, have been successfully employed to augment drug delivery into and across the skin with various formulations such as gel, membrane, patches, nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanocomposite, and microneedles. In this chapter, various polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitosan, and their semisynthetic derivatives, alginate, pectin, carrageenan etc, were discussed with their diverse topical and TDD applications. In addition, various formulations based on polysaccharides and limitations of polysaccharides were also briefly discussed

Mercury in coal from south eastern coalfeld and mercury partitioning at sub‑critical coal‑fred power plant

India is considered as one of the major mercury emitters of the world. Coal combustion in power plants is the foremost source of mercury emissions. Coal samples from South Eastern Coalfeld (SECL) region, India were assessed for mercury content and its partition in a 500 MW boiler unit of a coal-fred power plant. Hg content in the runof mine coal samples varied from 0.011 to 0.188 mg/kg. The Hg content in coal was positively correlated with ash and sulfur. In the power plant, about 65% of the Hg present in the feed coal was emitted through stack, whereas the rest were associated with the fne fy ash (33%), bottom ash (1.9%), and mill rejects (0.1%).The concentration of total Hg in the stack gas varied from 8.5 to 13.7 μg/Nm3, wherein Hg0 (74–81%) was much higher than Hg2+ (19–26%). The estimated mercury emission factor was 1.0–3.2 mg/GJ, which is comparatively higher due to the use of high ash coal and the lack of fue gas desulphurisation system. Hg portion�ing along the fue gas hoppers were also investigated which indicates relationship between Hg adsorption and carbon/sulfur content of the fy ash