Sexual variation in the inter-triradial distance of the palm among Bengali Hindu population of Kolkata, India

Palm prints are one of the most important forensic tools for human identification in medico-legal investigation. Palm prints are often used for forensic sex estimation to narrow down the pool of suspects through a process of elimination. The aim of this study was to test whether a novel approach of sex estimation from palmar inter-triradial distances previously posited by Badiye and colleagues [Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2019; 65(March):22–26] can be used as a primary tool for forensic sexing. For this study the bilateral palm prints from 200 Bengali Hindu adults (100 male, 100 female) were collected using traditional ink printing method and were analysed. Descriptive statistics were presented in tables and linear discriminant analysis was conducted to estimate the extent of sexual dimorphism in the inter-triradial distances and to find out variables with the strongest sex discriminating potential. Binary logistic regression analysis (BLR) was performed to derive sex estimation equations. Sexual dimorphism has been found to be statistically significant (p< 0.001) using linear discriminant analysis with a sexing accuracy of 79.0 percent for the left and 79.5 percent for the right palm. Distance between a and t triradius has been found to be the most influential on this model followed by the combined abcd-t distance. For the BLR analysis, the correct classification percentage was found to be the highest on the a-t distance of the right palm with a success rate of 80.5 percent which is closely followed by the combined abcd-t distance which has a classification success rate of 80.0 percent for the right palm. The present study has concluded that, inter-triradial distance of the palm is fairly dimorphic sexually but can only be used as a supplementary tool in inference of sex for medico-legal investigation. Due to a higher accuracy, the distance between a and t triradius has been proposed to be used instead of combined abcd-t distance which was suggested in the original study conducted by Badiye and colleagues (2019)

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Not AvailableA field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) as a growth retardant on excessive vegetative growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at District Seed Farm, under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal during kharif season in 2013 and 2014. The experiment was in split-plot with 6 main-plot treatments (PBZ @ 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250ppm) and 3 sub-plot treatments (single spraying at 30 and 50 days after emergence (DAE) and double spraying at 30 and 50 DAE). During reproductive stage significantly shorter plants (upto 28% less plant height) were observed due to PBZ application as compared to control. At harvest significantly higher dry matter production was recorded from PBZ @ 250ppm (232.1 g m-2 ) and from double spraying at 30 and 50 DAE (231.1 g m-2 ). The number of pod plant-1 and sound mature kernel (%) had showed positive impacts and finally increased the dry pod and haulm yield. The maximum dry pod yield was 1745 kg ha-1 and 1610 kg ha-1 with PBZ @ 250ppm and double spraying at 30 and 50 DAE, respectively. The highest benefit: cost ratio was also from PBZ @ 250ppm and double spraying at 30 and 50 DAE. A highly positive correlation among different attributes were recorded except plant height which was negatively correlated with other attributes i.e. dry matter production, number of pods plant-1 and yield was recorded. Therefore, PBZ @ 250ppm with double spraying had considerable positive influences on number of pod plant-1, total dry pod yield (Kg ha-1) of groundnut as well as on the benefit: cost ratio.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe hot air convective drying characteristics of blanched tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum L.) slices have been investigated. Drying experiments were carried out at four different temperatures (50, 60, 65 and 70 °C). The effect of drying temperatures on the drying behavior of the tomato slices was evaluated. All drying experiments had only falling rate period. The average effective diffusivity values varied from 0.5453×10−9 to 2.3871×10−9 m2/s over the temperature range studied and the activation energy was estimated to be 61.004 kJ/mol. In order to select a suitable form of the drying curve, six different thin layer drying models (Henderson–Pabis, Page, Diamante et al., Wang and Singh, Logarithmic and Newton models) were fitted to the experimental data. The goodness of fit tests indicated that the Logarithmic model gave the best fit to experimental results, which was closely followed by the Henderson– Pabis model. The influence of varied drying temperatures on quality attributes of the tomato slices viz. Hunter color parameters, ascorbic acid, lycopene, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars and sugar/acid ratio of dried slices was also studied. Slices dried at 50 and 60 °C had high amount of total sugars, lycopene, sugar/acid ratio, Hunter L- and a-values. Drying of slices at 50 °C revealed optimum retention of ascorbic acid, sugar/acid ratio and red hue, whereas, drying at higher temperature (65 and 70 ° C) resulted in a considerable decrease in nutrients and colour quality of the slicesNot Availabl

Production of Vegetable Protein from Rapeseed Press-Cake Using Response Surface Methodology, Weighted Multivariate Index, and Desirability Function: A Way to Handle Correlated Multiple Responses

<div><p>The majority of present day industrial processes/products are defined by several quality characteristics, for which the process variables need to be precisely modulated to meet the required specifications. Hence, the multi-response process optimization has become an increasingly important and demanding task. In practice, many of these quality characteristics under consideration show conflicts among themselves, which need to be simultaneously satisfied. This situation is aggravated when the quality characteristics show correlation. To remedy this shortfall, we present a novel multi-objective process optimization approach, based on weighted principal components (principal component scores weighted by their respective eigen values), response surface methodology and desirability function. The implementation of the suggested approach is presented on a study that discusses the optimization of light-colored and reduced phytate containing protein extraction process from rapeseed press-cake. The effectiveness of the said approach was confirmed by performing additional confirmatory experiments at the predicted optimal condition. Furthermore, this study suggests the feasibility of the exploitation of the waste oilseed cake for extraction of high quality vegetable protein, using viable process and simple computational procedure. This study also briefly highlights performance analyses in cross-flow batch extraction scheme using optimized condition.</p></div

A Versatile Pd-Catalyzed Alkyne Annulation Process for Benzo[<i>a</i>]carbazoles and their Anticancer Analogues

A Pd-catalyzed, simple, and divergent approach for the direct synthesis of benzo[a]carbazoles from internal alkynes and N-tosyl-iodoindoles has been demonstrated. This methodology highlights the influences of reaction media and temperature for the synthesis of either N-protected or N-deprotected benzo[a]carbazoles. This cascade strategy provides a series of electronically different benzo[a]carbazoles with good yields. The synthesized benzo[a]carbazoles were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against human lung cancer A549 cells and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, two of the representative analogues displayed potent anticancer activity against both cancer cell lines