3′-sulfated LewisA/C: An oncofetal epitope associated with metaplastic and oncogenic plasticity of the gastrointestinal foregut

Metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer arise from normal epitheli

mAb Das-1 recognizes 3\u27-Sulfated Lewis A/C, which is aberrantly expressed during metaplastic and oncogenic transformation of several gastrointestinal epithelia

INTRODUCTION: Multiple previous studies have shown the monoclonal antibody Das-1 (formerly called 7E12H12) is specifically reactive towards metaplastic and carcinomatous lesions in multiple organs of the gastrointestinal system (e.g. Barrett\u27s esophagus, intestinal-type metaplasia of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) as well as in other organs (bladder and lung carcinomas). Beyond being a useful biomarker in tissue, mAb Das-1 has recently proven to be more accurate than current paradigms for identifying cysts harboring advanced neoplasia. Though this antibody has been used extensively for clinical, basic science, and translational applications for decades, its epitope has remained elusive. METHODS: In this study, we chemically deglycosylated a standard source of antigen, which resulted in near complete loss of the signal as measured by western blot analysis. The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 was determined by affinity to a comprehensive glycan array and validated by inhibition of a direct ELISA. RESULTS: The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 is 3\u27-Sulfo-Lewis A/C (3\u27-Sulfo-LeA/C). 3\u27-Sulfo-LeA/C is broadly reexpressed across numerous GI epithelia and elsewhere during metaplastic and carcinomatous transformation. DISCUSSION: 3\u27-Sulfo-LeA/C is a clinically important antigen that can be detected both intracellularly in tissue using immunohistochemistry and extracellularly in cyst fluid and serum by ELISA. The results open new avenues for tumorigenic risk stratification of various gastrointestinal lesions

AGA Clinical Practice Update on interventional EUS for vascular investigation and therapy: Commentary

DESCRIPTION: The purpose of this AGA Institute Clinical Practice Update is to review the available evidence supporting and examine opportunities for future research in endoscopic ultrasound-guided vascular investigation and therapies. METHODS: This Clinical Practice Update was commissioned and approved by the AGA Institute Clinical Practice Updates Committee and the AGA Governing Board to provide timely guidance on a topic of high clinical importance to the AGA membership, and underwent internal peer review by the Clinical Practice Updates Committee and external peer review through standard procedures of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. This expert commentary incorporates important as well as recently published studies in this field, and it reflects the experiences of the authors who are advanced endoscopists with expertise in endoscopic ultrasound-guided vascular investigation and therapy

Home Automation Using Arduino and ESP8266

With the advent of technology, life has become faster in pace and shorter in interactions, with others, as well as with the surroundings. In such a scenario, there is a need to have an endeavor to have everything at the push of a button away, and more importantly, automated. Home Automation is such an endeavor, in which, all the electrical appliances present at home are connected to each other, having interactions with sensors placed at strategic positions in a closed loop manner in order to perform meager tasks automatically, leaving less burden on the humans. With this project we are promoting the fact that Home Automation can greatly contribute to energy conservation too

Specially treated woven jute geotextiles for river bank protection

In this paper, studies on treatment of jute geotextile with isothiazolinone and fluorocarbon derivatives to impart antimicrobial and water repellent property have been reported for its improved end use specific performance. It is observed that the treated jute geotextile possesses higher durability in water as well as soil-water ambience

Cyber-Agricultural Systems for Crop Breeding and Sustainable Production

The Cyber-Agricultural System (CAS) Represents an overarching Framework of Agriculture that Leverages Recent Advances in Ubiquitous Sensing, Artificial Intelligence, Smart Actuators, and Scalable Cyberinfrastructure (CI) in Both Breeding and Production Agriculture. We Discuss the Recent Progress and Perspective of the Three Fundamental Components of CAS – Sensing, Modeling, and Actuation – and the Emerging Concept of Agricultural Digital Twins (DTs). We Also Discuss How Scalable CI is Becoming a Key Enabler of Smart Agriculture. in This Review We Shed Light on the Significance of CAS in Revolutionizing Crop Breeding and Production by Enhancing Efficiency, Productivity, Sustainability, and Resilience to Changing Climate. Finally, We Identify Underexplored and Promising Future Directions for CAS Research and Development

Phenomenology of Hybrid Scenarios of Neutrino Dark Energy

We study the phenomenology of hybrid scenarios of neutrino dark energy, where in addition to a so-called Mass Varying Neutrino (MaVaN) sector a cosmological constant (from a false vacuum) is driving the accelerated expansion of the universe today. For general power law potentials we calculate the effective equation of state parameter w_{eff}(z) in terms of the neutrino mass scale. Due to the interaction of the dark energy field (acceleron) with the neutrino sector, w_{eff}(z) is predicted to become smaller than -1 for z>0, which could be tested in future cosmological observations. For the considered scenarios, the neutrino mass scale additionally determines which fraction of the dark energy is dynamical, and which originates from the cosmological constant like vacuum energy of the false vacuum. On the other hand, the field value of the acceleron field today as well as the masses of the right-handed neutrinos, which appear in the seesaw-type mechanism for small neutrino masses, are not fixed. This, in principle, allows to realise hybrid scenarios of neutrino dark energy with a high-scale seesaw where the right-handed neutrino masses are close to the GUT scale. We also comment on how MaVaN Hybrid Scenarios with high-scale seesaw might help to resolve stability problems of dark energy models with non-relativistic neutrinos.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures; references and comments added; version to be published in JCA

THE SPLICEOSOMAL PROTEIN SnRNP F BINDS TO BOTH U3 AND U14 CLASS OF snoRNA IN Giardia lamblia

Small nuclear Ribonucleo Protein F (snRNP F) is a spliceosomal protein that binds with U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) to form spliceosomal complexes responsible for pre mRNA processing. This study reports the unusual interaction of giardial snRNP F with small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) that are responsible for pre rRNA processing. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay was used to demonstrate the interaction of this protein with U3 and U14 class snoRNA of the early branching eukaryote Giardia lamblia. It was also evident from our study that snRNP F in Giardia is evolutionary distinct from its other eukaryotic orthologues

Lifshitz spacetimes from AdS null and cosmological solutions

We describe solutions of 10-dimensional supergravity comprising null deformations of $AdS_5\times S^5$ with a scalar field, which have $z=2$ Lifshitz symmetries. The bulk Lifshitz geometry in 3+1-dimensions arises by dimensional reduction of these solutions. The dual field theory in this case is a deformation of the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. We discuss the holographic 2-point function of operators dual to bulk scalars. We further describe time-dependent (cosmological) solutions which have anisotropic Lifshitz scaling symmetries. We also discuss deformations of $AdS\times X$ in 11-dimensional supergravity, which are somewhat similar to the solutions above. In some cases here, we expect the field theory duals to be deformations of the Chern-Simons theories on M2-branes stacked at singularities.Comment: Latex, 29pgs, v3. references, minor clarifications (subsection on Lifshitz geometry seen by scalar probes) added, to appear in JHE