Clinical profiles of patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation in a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: Despite an increase in the number of permanent pacemaker implantations in India over the last few decades, there are no systematic nationwide database recording the rate of implantation of permanent pacemaker, clinical conditions or types of pacemakers used for PPM implantation in India. Methods: A total of 5341 patients, admitted in the department of cardiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, West Bengal, India from April, 2019 to August 2023 and received a permanent pacemaker were included in the study. Objective of the study was to provide information about the clinical profile and indications of patients receiving permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). Results: Most (67%) of the recipients among the study population were males. The mean (± SD) age of patients in the present cohort was 63.59±11.82 years. The most frequent type of pacemaker used in this institution was VVIR (86.2%). The mean impedance for DDDR type pacemakers was 599.7±109.19 (range =416-1074) for ventricle and 915.9±116.2 (range =525-1240) for the atrium, while the threshold of DDDR type was 0.5±0.3 (range =0.1 -3) for ventricles and 0.3±0.2 (range =0.1-1.3) for the atrium. For VVIR type of pacemakers, the impedance for ventricles was 918.5±131.1 (range =120-1620), while the threshold for ventricle was 0.3±0.2 (range =0.1-2.2). The commonest indication of pacemakers were AV blocks (69%), of which the commonest was complete heart block (59.7%). Conclusions: In conclusion, male population were implanted with a higher number of pacemakers than females. No difference in age was noted among males and females in terms of the age of implantation. Use of single chamber VVIR types were higher than the dual chamber due to the pattern of government supply of pacemakers. Most common indication for pacemaker implantation was degenerative complete heart block

A simple method for Bachmann's bundle pacing with indigenous modification of J-stylet

AbstractBackgroundPacing in the Bachmann's bundle (BB) area (upper atrial septum) appears superior to right atrial appendage or free wall stimulation for the prevention of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with atrial conduction delay. However, insertion of active fixation lead in the upper atrial septal position is difficult and time consuming with conventional stylet, inhibiting application of this pacing method in routine practice.MethodsThe technique of positioning the atrial lead in BB with hand-made stylet is presented with emphasis on electrocardiographic P-wave pattern and fluoroscopic landmarks.ResultsThe results demonstrate an acute implantation and short-term success of BB pacing of 14 patients out of 15 patients without major complications. Pacing parameters at implantation and 3 months postprocedure were noted which were within normal limits.ConclusionThese favorable initial results indicate that the positioning of active fixation atrial lead in BB with fluoroscopic landmarks is feasible and reproducible with a simple technique

Trim21 regulates Nmi-IFI35 complex-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral response

In this study, using an immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry approach, we have identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Trim21 as an interacting partner of IFI35 and Nmi. We found that this interaction leads to K63-linked ubiquitination on K22 residue of Nmi, but not IFI35. Using domain deletion analysis, we found that the interaction is mediated via the coiled-coil domain of Nmi and the carboxyl-terminal SPRY domain of Trim21. Furthermore, we show that depletion of Trim21 leads to significantly reduced interaction of Nmi with IFI35, which results in the abrogation of the negative regulatory function of the Nmi-IFI35 complex on innate antiviral signaling. Thus, Trim21 appears to be a critical regulator of the functions of the Nmi-IFI35 complex. Overall, the results presented here uncover a new mechanism of regulation of the Nmi-IFI35 complex by Trim21, which may have implications for various autoimmune diseases associated uncontrolled antiviral signaling

Evaluation of Economic Losses due to Coccidiosis in Poultry Industry in India

Coccidiosis is an old parasitic disease, prevalent all over the country and has a significant impact on poultry production. In this paper, economic loss to poultry industry has been estimated considering the major economic parameters. The estimation has revealed that commercial broiler industry is a major sufferer due to coccidiosis wherein 95.61 per cent of the total economic loss occurs due to the disease. The commercial layer industry shares 3.53 per cent economic loss, mainly due to cost of chemoprophylaxis and reduced egg production. A comparison across economic traits has revealed that loss is maximum due to reduced body weight gain, followed by increased FCR (23.74%) and chemoprophylaxis (2.83%) in the total loss due to coccidiosis in broiler industry of India. The overall comparison of economic traits for all the types of poultry sector it has shown that reduced body wt gain and increased FCR are the major parameters from which 68.08 per cent and 22.70 per cent annual loss has occurred in the total loss from coccidiosis in India during the year 2003-04. The total loss due to coccidiosis has been found to be of Rs 1.14 billion (approx) for the year 2003-04. The study has observed that generation of this data across different geographical regions will be helpful to conclude about the global economic loss due to coccidiosis in the poultry industry.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Host Cell Functions In Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the prototypic rhabdovirus, has been used as an excellent paradigm for understanding the mechanisms of virus replication, pathogenesis, host response to virus infection and also for myriads of studies on cellular and molecular biology. Biochemical studies as well as high-throughput genomics, proteomics, and chemical approaches have revealed a plethora of cellular factors and pathways that regulate replication of VSV. These factors include those that support virus replication and also those that restrict its replication. This chapter discusses the role(s) of many of these host cell factors and pathways involved in VSV replication. Although mechanistic understanding of the roles of some of these factors in VSV replication has been obtained, the roles of many others need to be investigated for a better understanding of the virus-host cell interactions

Host Cell Functions In Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the prototypic rhabdovirus, has been used as an excellent paradigm for understanding the mechanisms of virus replication, pathogenesis, host response to virus infection and also for myriads of studies on cellular and molecular biology. Biochemical studies as well as high-throughput genomics, proteomics, and chemical approaches have revealed a plethora of cellular factors and pathways that regulate replication of VSV. These factors include those that support virus replication and also those that restrict its replication. This chapter discusses the role(s) of many of these host cell factors and pathways involved in VSV replication. Although mechanistic understanding of the roles of some of these factors in VSV replication has been obtained, the roles of many others need to be investigated for a better understanding of the virus-host cell interactions

In search of time-varying jumps during the turmoil periods : Evidence from crude oil futures markets

Prior literature demonstrates that energy prices are characterized by time-varying jumps. However, earlier studies do not investigate if the intensity of such jumps appears to be higher amid periods of extreme volatility in comparison to normal periods. Employing the GARCH-jump model, this study examines whether jumps occurring in energy prices are an indicator of market crashes. To serve this purpose, we consider several downturns in oil markets spanning over the last few years. Our empirical analyses reveal that the conditional expected number of jumps in WTI and Brent oil futures prices increases significantly amid the depression periods, which is, however, not the case when the market functions normally. We, therefore, conclude that such clusters of jumps may contain predictive information for oil market crashes and thus provide early signals of future downturns. The findings further show that crude oil volatility, the US equity VIX, and economic policy uncertainty play a significant role in explaining the time-dependent jumps during the turmoil periods. The findings of our research could be useful for investors participating in global crude oil markets and for policymakers watching out for the impact of energy prices on the economy.© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed