Conceptual globalism and globalisation : an initiation

Although the use of these two terms began in the latter half of the twentieth century, they have a longer lineage. Concept economic globalism of contemporary kind can be traced back to the liberal thinking of classical economists like Adam Smith and Herbert Spencer. Terms like globalize were first seen in Reiser and Davies (1944). Webster International Dictionary included them in 1961, while they appeared in Oxford Dictionary in 1986. The term globalization was coined in 1962. Most major languages were quick to develop equivalent taxonomy. In business and economics, marketing legend Theodore Levitt of Harvard Business School used it first in 1983 in an article entitled "The Globalization of Markets". His article is regarded as an enduring classic and its insightful language is still relevant today

Public management and essential public health functions

The authors provide an overview of how different approaches to improving public sector management relate to so-called core or essential public health functions, such as disease surveillance, health education, monitoring and evaluation, workforce development, enforcement of public health laws and regulations, public health research, and health policy development. The authors summarize key themes in the public management literature and draw lessons for their application to these core functions.Decentralization,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Systems Development&Reform,Public Health Promotion,Enterprise Development&Reform,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,National Governance,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Economics&Finance

Issues Related to Use and Acceptance of Teachers regarding Institutional Repositories

The Institutional Repository (IR) provides access to a vast collection of digital documents created and published by academic organisations. Institutional Repository (IR) services are provided to clients by major R& D institutions and a few academic institutes in India. Top scientists and researchers may use this institutional repository (IR) technology to submit their work, making it easier for the intended audience to obtain research papers in digital form. Institutional repositories (IRs) having gotten a lot of interest from academics from many fields and all around the world. They may have improved the public\u27s perception of academics and related institutions by raising their value creation, reputation, prestige, and visibility. Despite the importance and fast development of investigations, few people have attempted to systematically evaluate and synthesise the effects of previous projects, or to assess the present state of studies in this field. This paper\u27s main aim is to offer a better knowledge and in-depth overview of the present state of research on IRs. The work linked to institutional repositories was carefully organised using a systematic review (SLR) and a methodology. Researchers and universities may benefit from institutional repositories by improving their exposure, reputation, ranking, and public worth. Despite the potential advantages of colleges establishing institutional repositories (IRs). The institutional repository, according to this study, is an extraordinarily strong concept that may serve as a driving force for higher education institutions and, more generally, for scholarly businesses that support basic study

Recombination for innovation: performance outcomes from international partnerships in China

This paper examines the relationship between different types of international partnerships and innovation performance. By drawing on a conceptual framework which outlines how new bundles of transferrable and non-transferrable ownership advantages are created from such partnerships (Collinson and Narula, 2014), we analyze empirical evidence from a large-scale survey of 320 individual company responses from the China-based operations of foreign multinational firms alongside in-depth case studies. Our study reveals that different types of collaborative partnerships (cooperative vs competitive) are associated with different innovation performance outcomes (product vs process innovation). In addition, we find that a sustainable, reciprocal relationship between collaborative partners can generate superior innovation performance. Contextual factors including the role of government and industry characteristics have an important bearing on innovation performance in collaborative partnerships in China. We conclude with implications for researchers, managers and policymakers

Protocol for the process evaluation of the Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (PrAISED 2) Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction. Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (PrAISED 2) is a randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of an intervention to promote activity and independence amongst people with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. To identify 'How the intervention works', we will undertake a process evaluation of PrAISED 2. This protocol outlines the rationale, aims, objectives and methods of the process evaluation. Methods. The process evaluation will use a mixed-methods design and comprise two studies: An implementation study, examining the process through which PrAISED 2 is delivered and a study on the mechanisms of impact and context, focussing on the mediating mechanisms that contribute to study outcomes. Integration of separate analysis of quantitative and qualitative data will provide a holistic view of 'how PrAISED 2 works. Conclusion. Results from this process evaluation will further the understanding of the factors that can impinge on the success of complex interventions. This will represent invaluable information for researchers undertaking further research around behaviour change among people with cognitive impairment and dementia

Challenges facing the successful introduction of plant-derived vaccines as an alternative or complement to conventional vaccines

Vaccines are considered to be one of the most successful and cost-effective weapons against infectious diseases. Currently, licensed vaccines produced in mammalian cell lines, yeast, and the common enteric bacterium Escherichia coli have their associated technical problems. A decade-old R&D project of developing vaccines in plants has yielded promising results, addressing the technical issues to a great extent with the added benefit of faster and cheaper production. Plant-derived vaccines (PDVs) are therefore poised to play an important role in complementing conventional seasonal and pandemic vaccine supply. This study of the introduction of the concept of PDV and its adoption into the society is a prototypical third-generation plant biotechnology with backgrounds encompassing agricultural practice, public health, and medical biotechnology research. The primary objective of this thesis is to understand the public good and private interests in the introduction and adoption of PDVs. Critical analyses of PDV innovation from biotechnology business case studies within the frameworks of existing socio-economic, organizational theories, and emerging non–socio-economic networked knowledge has been undertaken in this thesis. Among other things, this thesis found that (i) new research-intensive biotechnology small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, with 5–499 employees) can reduce their transaction costs by working in research networks (primarily public–private partnerships); and (ii) by forming strategic partnerships with companies that have established manufacturing and distribution networks, these SMEs increase their chances of accessing capital and other resources. This significantly increases the probability of commercial success by SMEs in the highly competitive environment of global vaccine business. It is anticipated that this understanding will help improve the facilitation of R&D, and the regulation and production of PDVs in Canada and the USA. Research findings address the policy implications for governments, industry, and the non-governmental organization sector. The knowledge generated from this thesis will contribute to the optimization of local and international research, intellectual property protection, licensing, manufacturing, and distribution of PDVs or other vaccine entities/companies. Ultimately, it is hoped that this thesis knowledge will lead to more rapid and widespread adoption of new vaccines such as PDVs in developing countries, where its potential benefits of scale, lower cost, and shorter production time would be best realized

Exploring traditional and metropolitan Indian arts using the Muggu tradition as a case study

The past century has witnessed fervent debates about dichotomies in Indian art, articulated variously as high and low art, art and craft, and fine and decorative art. The current avatar of such dichotomies is expressed as a divide between metropolitan and traditional art. The former is understood to be that which is displayed and marketed in urban art institutions and associated with individualism; the latter is generally qualified by terms like folk, religious, ritual, rural or tribal, displayed and sold in non-institutional contexts and associated with a collective identity. Despite frequent attempts to resolve the above-mentioned dichotomies, such hierarchies persist. Indian art is currently experiencing a resurgence, which some see more as a by-product of a rapidly growing economy, rather than as an explicitly artistic maturing. Notwithstanding this recent boom, many writers and artists lament the state of Indian cultural institutions. One such critic is Rustom Bharucha, whose essay on Indian museums provides one of the starting points for this study. The difficulty of reconciling the modern and the traditional appears to lie at the heart of these issues – a problem that both metropolitan and traditional artists face. In this project, I consider myself as an example of a metropolitan Indian artist and the issues I encountered as possibly characteristic of those that other metropolitan artists face. As a case study of traditional arts, I look at muggus, floor-drawings made by women in Andhra Pradesh, south India. Their ephemerality, ritualism and aesthetics furnish relevant instances for a discussion on metropolitan and traditional arts, challenging existing stereotypes and prejudices in the display, production and discourse of traditional arts. This study crosses the academic boundaries of anthropology, art-practice, art history, cultural theory, ethnography and visual culture to allow for a more layered exploration of Indian metropolitan and traditional arts

Integrated assessment—how does it help unpack water access by marginalized farmers?

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Water is critical to the lives and livelihoods of rural communities in developing countries; however, access to water can be inequitable within communities. This paper uses a generalized integrated assessment approach to explore the determinants of water access by marginalized farmers in two villages in coastal Bangladesh, before and after the setup of local water institutions. The study was part of a broader project aimed at promoting socially inclusive agricultural intensification. An integrative framework was developed in this study to capture and link the diverse range of factors that influence the distribution of water, including the often-overlooked role of social dynamics and governance arrangements. While interventions around improving water resource infrastructure can be critical for freshwater availability, the case studies show that a breakdown of asymmetric power structures may also be needed for water access to all individuals, especially marginalized groups. Establishing a community-based water institution on its own does not necessarily address power issues in a community. It is imperative that the agency and capacities of the marginalized members are developed and that the institutional arrangements foster an enabling environment for marginalized members to influence decision making. Integrated assessment allowed the case studies to be explored from multiple perspectives so as to gain a greater understanding of the barriers and levers to obtaining equitable outcomes from water interventions

Infection of human papillomaviruses in cancers of different human organ sites

Clinico-epidemiological and molecular studies have established the casual link between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer as also association of HPV infection with several other cancers. In India, cervical cancer is a leading cancer among women and almost all cases of cervical cancer show prevalence of High Risk (HR)-HPV infection. HPV has been also detected in a significant proportion of oral, esophageal, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancer and in a small percentage of lung, laryngeal, and stomach cancer in India. Due to lack of organized HPV screening program, insufficient infrastructure and trained manpower and inadequacy in cancer registries, there are not much data available on the countrywide HPV prevalence and its type distribution in different cancers in India. Forthcoming introduction of recently developed HPV vaccines in India given a new urgency to know the prevalence and distribution of various HPV types in different organ sites for the management and monitoring of vaccination program and its impact on prevalence of other cancers. This review, summarizes studies on the prevalence of HPV infection in cancers of different organ sites in India