Effect of High-Protein Diet on Body Weight and Pectoralis Thoracicus Muscle Performance on Pelung and Broiler Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus)

. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of high-protein diet on body weight and Pectoralis thoracicus muscle performance of Pelung and broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) from 1 to 14 days of age. Sixty broilers and Pelung day old chickens (DOC) were fed with high-protein diet containing 25% crude protein (CP) and low-protein diet containing 10% crude protein. The birds were divided into 4 groups, each contained 15 birds. As the control groups, group 1 and group 2 (broilers) were given high protein diet and low protein diet, respectively for 14 days, while group 3 and group 4 (Pelung chickens) were fed on high protein diet and low protein diet, respectively for 14 days. All birds were grown up to 14 days. Variables measured were body weight, Pectoralis thoracicus weight and area, and myofiber diameter. At 1; 7 and 14 days, pectoralis muscles were dissected and measurements were conducted. Data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA of One Way Classification, followed by Tukey test. The results showed that Pelung chicken have lower body weight, Pectoralis thoracicus weight and area, and myofiber diameter compared to broiler chicken. Pelung chicken fed on high-protein diet showed higher body weight, Pectoralis thoracicus weight and area, and myofiber diameter at 7 and 14 days compared to the Pelung fed on low-protein diet. In conclusion, high-protein diet succeeded to support body weight and Pectoralis thoracicus muscle performance in broiler and pelung chickens

Foreshock–mainshock–aftershock sequence analysis of the 14 January 2021 (Mw 6.2) Mamuju–Majene (West Sulawesi, Indonesia) earthquake

AbstractWe present here an analysis of the destructive Mw 6.2 earthquake sequence that took place on 14 January 2021 in Mamuju–Majene, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Our relocated foreshocks, mainshock, and aftershocks and their focal mechanisms show that they occurred on two different fault planes, in which the foreshock perturbed the stress state of a nearby fault segment, causing the fault plane to subsequently rupture. The mainshock had relatively few aftershocks, an observation that is likely related to the kinematics of the fault rupture, which is relatively small in size and of short duration, thus indicating a high stress-drop earthquake rupture. The Coulomb stress change shows that areas to the northwest and southeast of the mainshock have increased stress, consistent with the observation that most aftershocks are in the northwest.</jats:p

Focal Mechanism Analysis of the Earthquakes Beneath the Sunda-Banda Arc Transition, Indonesia, Using the BMKG Data

Abstract Structural complexity in the Sunda-Banda arc transition is a topic of much debate amongst Earth scientists. We have processed focal mechanism study using moment tensor inversion for 20 events in the region using the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) data from 2014-2016 for earthquakes of magnitude Mw ≥ 5.0. Our result shows different solutions that depend on the source region of the earthquakes that include subduction zones and collision zones, which host active faults and the back-arc thrusts. Earthquakes that occurred in the subduction zone appear to rupture on thrust faults for shallow and intermediate events, while the deep events have normal fault mechanisms. The shallow events in the collision zone occur on thrust faults with differing strike directions, but generally, there are largely parallel to the Timor trough. We also found normal fault mechanisms at play for deep events below the collision zone. The occurrence of deep earthquakes in this area is consistent with remnant slab activity that persists to the present day. Focal mechanism solutions for shallow events in the north of Sumbawa island indicate a thrust fault with a strike direction that is almost parallel to the back-arc thrust in this area. We also found evidence of strike-slip motion along local-scale active faults in the area.</jats:p

On the potential for megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis off the southern coast of West Java and southeast Sumatra, Indonesia

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank BMKG for providing the earthquake data used in this study. This research is partially funded by the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology/National Agency for Research and Innovation, and Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture under World Class University (WCU) Program managed by Institut Teknologi Bandung, and PT. Reasuransi MAIPARK Indonesia. This research is also funded by the University of Cambridge through a Herchel Smith Research Fellowship awarded to P.S.AbstractHigh seismicity rates in and around West Java and Sumatra occur as a result of the Indo-Australian plate converging with and subducting beneath the Sunda plate. Large megathrust events associated with this process likely pose a major earthquake and tsunami hazard to the surrounding community, but further effort is required to help understand both the likelihood and frequency of such events. With this in mind, we exploit catalog seismic data sourced from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) of Indonesia and the International Seismological Centre (ISC) for the period April 2009 through to July 2020, in order to conduct earthquake hypocenter relocation using a teleseismic double-difference method. Our results reveal a large seismic gap to the south of West Java and southeast Sumatra, which is in agreement with a previous GPS study that finds the region to be a potential future source of megathrust earthquakes. To investigate this further, tsunami modeling was conducted in the region for two scenarios based on the estimated seismicity gaps and the existence of a backthrust fault. We show that the maximum tsunami height could be up to 34 m along the west coast of southernmost Sumatra and along the south coast of Java near the Ujung Kulon Peninsula. This estimate is comparable with the maximum tsunami height predicted by a previous study of southern Java in which earthquake sources were derived from the inversion of GPS data. However, the present study extends the analysis to southeast Sumatra and demonstrates that estimating rupture from seismic gaps can lead to reliable tsunami hazard assessment in the absence of GPS data.</jats:p

A previously unidentified fault revealed by the February 25, 2022 (Mw 6.1) Pasaman Earthquake, West Sumatra, Indonesia

A destructive earthquake (Mw 6.1) struck Pasaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia, on 25 February 2022, resulting in at least 18 deaths and damage to 1765 buildings. Our relocated foreshock, mainshock, and aftershocks and their source mechanisms reveal a previously unknown ∼20 km long segment of the Sumatran Fault as a result of dextral strike-slip motion (strike N132oE and dip 72oSW) along what we have called the Kajai Fault. The inverted rupture model indicates a single, compact asperity with an approximate depth range of 2–11 km. This asperity extends ∼14 km along strike, and ∼9 km in the down-dip direction. The Coulomb stress change of the mainshock shows that areas to the north and south experienced an increase in stress, which is consistent with the observed aftershock pattern. The nearby Great Sumatran Fault segments (Angkola and Sumpur) experienced a significant increase in stress without any accompanying aftershocks, which likely increases the risk of them rupturing in the future