Black Cumin Seed Oilas Hepatoprotector in Decreasing SGPT and SGOT Activity and Increasing P53 Gene Expression in Sprague Dawley Rats Induced by Alloxan

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of BCSO on SGPT/SGOT levels and p53 expression in rats induced by alloxan. This study applied a post test only control group design. A total of 42 SD rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I was normal rats. Group II (negative control) was given alloxan. Group III and IV (treatment groups) were given BCSO with equivalent doses of 6.8 mg/kg and 68 mg/kg thymoquinone, respectively (BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 groups). Group V (positive control) was given vitamin C. Group VI (control media) were given DMSO. BCSO and Vitamin C are given for 1 week. Alloxan was given on 7th day, i.p. On the 8th day did blood sampling for measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels. Liver retrieval was performed on the 9th day continued immunohistochemistry staining. The average levels of SGPT/SGOT were then analyzed with ANOVA test. p53 expression was analyzed by Kolmogorov Semirnov and Levene then followed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Statistical tests performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the induction of alloxan increased levels of SGPT/SGOT. BCSO68 reduced SGPT /SGOT levels in alloxan-induced rats (p < 0.05). Both BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 increased the expression of p53 in liver tissue of alloxan – induced rats. Average percentage of p53 expression in group I to group VI were 11.12 ± 0.37; 19.24 ± 4.47; 30.31 ± 1.59; 40.43 ± 1.74; 29.67 ± 0.47; 12.02 ± 1.01, respectively. The result of statistical analysis showed the value of p < 0.05 in all groups except in group III. It can be concluded that BCSO may have hepatoprotective effect and increase the expression of p53 in the liver of alloxan-induced rats

Analisis Demand dan Supply Konsumsi Garam Beryodium Tingkat Rumah Tangga

Nasionaly, the consumption of iodized salt is 62,3% and in Province of West Jawa is 58,3%. The coverage consumption of iodezed in household level in Bekasi city only about 62,14%. The monitoring iodezed salt in household level by district health departemen in 2004 showed that the enough iodezed salt is 51%.This research was conducted to determine the factor analysis of demand and supply of iodized salt consumption at household level in the District of West Bekasi. This iodesed salt udy used cross sectional design. The population that was studied was 110 mothers using chi square test. On the demand factor, the result shows that there is a relationship between knowledge and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. However, there is no relationship between the revenue and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. While in the supply factor, shows that there is no relationship between availability and price in the market and the con- sumption of iodized salt at household level. To improve the coverage of iodized salt consumption at household level, it is required cooperation from various partie

Perkembangan Smart City Kota Tanjungpinang

Perlu adanya terobosan komprehensif dalam pengembangan konsep smart city. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan yang akuntabel, transparan kepada masyarakat. Dengan semakin baiknya pelayanan kepada masyarakat, maka konsep dari kota cerdas akan benar-benar terwujud. Melalui kewenangan otonomi, daerah juga dituntut untuk mampu berinovasi dalam meningkatkan pelayanan publik di wilayahnya. Smart City merupakan salah satu strategi pembangunan dan manajemen kota yang masih baru. Konsep ini muncul dan berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dan teknologi. Smart City didefinisikan sebagai kota yang mampu menggunakan SDM, modal sosial, dan infrastruktur telekomunikasi modern untuk mewujudkan pertumbuhan ekonomi berkelanjutan dan kualitas kehidupan yang tinggi, dengan manajemen sumber daya yang bijaksana melalui pemerintahan berbasis partisipasi masyarakat. Pada Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dan difokuskan pada perkembangan indicator smart city di Kota Tanjungpinang, dengan melihat aspek apa saja yang sudah dilakukan Pemko Tanjungpinang dalam mengembagkan Smart City

Peranan Pelatihan Learning Organization pada Perubahan Individu dan Institusi: Pengalaman Kabupaten Cianjur

In order to support local government capacity to implement their role and capacity after the implementation of decentralization policy, The Decentralization Unit of Ministry of Health RI has developed several strategic plans which directed to anticipate decentralization transition, such as learning organization. To objective of this study is to understand the effect of training program on individual and institutional changes in a more strict bureocratic environment. This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre and post intervention study design, several times measurements, and unequally distributed control. The first group receive SLLO training (Xa) and assistance (Xb). The second group is a control group. The study result show that: (1) the LO training is efective to increase knowledge and understanding of the trainees on job perspective, problem solving, self improvement need and distribution to group member (2) The individual level changes include the need to job behavioral improvement, the openness and readiness to record behaviour, more problem analysis, more dialogue and not trapped in surface symptoms, want and need to distribute LO in seminar and training (3) the group and institutional changes has not been seen yet (4) only small effect of individual changes to group level changes, communication needs plenty of time, difficult to conduct dialogue among team members. In sub-district level situation has chenged to a better situation, more effect of individual level cahnges to group level changes, faster communication between group members and easier dialogue

Effect of Freeze Thawing Technique and Gamma Irradiation to Resorcinol Release From Matrix of Polyvinyl Alcohol

Hydrogels are polymers with three-dimensional structure that useful to immobilize drugs as sustained release system. Immobilization of resorcinol in the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA) is prepared by combination of freeze thawing (1-3 cycles) and gamma irradiation (10-30 Gy). The chemical structure of hydrogels was characterized by Fourier Transform- Infra Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer. Gel fraction and water absorption were measured by gravimetry. The release of resorcinol was determined by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The results of evaluation showed that by increasing the number freeze-thawing up to 3 cycles and irradiation dose to 30 kGy, the gel fraction can reach up 95 %. In contrast, the water absorption of hydrogels decreases from 600 % to 200 %, and the decreasing release profile of water absorption of hydrogels (at the same condition) was similar with the release profile of resorcinol from 88 % to 59%. The combination of freeze-thawing and gamma irradiation can be considered as one of the immobilization techniques for sustained drug release

Medication Errors (MEs) in Several Countries: A Systematic Review

The increasing number of reports of Medication Errors (MEs) and the subsequent relevant damage, especially in the medical centres, have become a growing concern for patient safety in recent decades. Patient safety, particularly drug safety, is a major concern and the challenge for healthcare professionals around the world.Knowing the prevalence of MEs presented descriptively based on existing studies to approach systematic review. In first stages, journals were searched by using the online databases through Science Direct and EBSCO. The search used specific keywords such as ‘medication errors’ and ‘administration errors’. As a result, this study reports about Medication Errors in several countries, including two largest hospital of Isfahan in Iran,University Teaching Hospital in Korea, Mansoura Teaching University Hospital, two cases reported in Bolak Eldakror Hospital in Egypt and Midnapore Medical College and Hospital in India. Medication Errors can be prevented by various strategies, such as implementing the six rights of medication administrations principle (right patient, right medication, right dosage, right route of administration, right time and rightdocumentation) and as a control by using a ‘double-check’ or even ‘triple check’ procedures before giving the drug to the patient. Keywords: Medication Errors (MEs), drug administration, medication administration principle