Electrical Properties of Photodiode Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BST) Thin Film Doped with Ferric Oxide on p-type Si (100) Substrate using Chemical Solution Deposition Method

In this paper we have grown pure Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BST) and BST doped by Ferric Oxide Fe2O3 (BFST) with doping variations of 5%, 10%, and 15% above type-p Silicon (100) substrate using the chemical solution deposition (CSD) method with spin coating technique at rotation speed of 3000 rpm, for 30 seconds. BST thin film are made with a concentration of 1 M 2-methoxyethanol and annealing temperature of 850oC for the Si (100) substrate. Characterization of the thin film is performed for the electrical properties such as the current-voltage (I-V) curve using Keithley model 2400 as well as dielectric constant, time constant, pyroelectric characteristics, and depth measurement. The results show that the thin film depth increases if the concentration of the Ferric Oxide doping increases. The I-V characterization shows that the BST and BFST thin film has photodiode properties. The dielectric constant increases with the addition of doping. The maximum dielectric constant value is obtained for 15 % doping concentration namely 83.1 for pure BST and 6.89, 11.1, 41.63 and 83.1, respectively for the Ferric Oxide doping based BST with concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15%. XRD spectra of 15% of ferric oxide doped BST thin film tetragonal phase, we carried out the lattice constant were a = b = 4.203 Å; c = 4.214 Å; c/a ratio = 1.003. Received: 01 February 2010; Revised: 04 October 2011; Accepted: 02 November 201

PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT POLIMER BERPENGUAT SERAT ALAM

PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT POLIMER BERPENGUAT SERAT ALAM. Telah dilakukan pembuatan komposit dengan matriks polimer yaitu epoksi dan poliester dengan bahan penguat (filler) serat alam, yaitu serat pisang dan serat ijuk yang dikombinasikan satu sama lain menjadi empat macam komposit yaitu komposit epoksi-pisang, epoksi-ijuk, poliester-pisang, dan poliester-ijuk. Untuk keempat macam komposit tersebut, pengaruh penambahan lapisan serat pada matriks polimer terhadap sifat mekanik dan mikrostruktur bahan komposit dipelajari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, secara umum penambahan lapisan serat menurunkan nilai kekuatan tarik komposit, kecuali untuk komposit bermatriks epoksi dengan penguat serat ijuk. Nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi diperoleh komposit epoksi-serat ijuk 3 lapis yaitu 45,44 MPa, sedangkan komposit epoksi-serat pisang 3 lapis memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik sebesar 30,47 MPa. Nilai kekuatan tarik terendah diperoleh komposit poliester-serat pisang 3 lapis yaitu 15,62MPa, sedangkan jika ditambahkan serat ijuk 3 lapis kekuatan tariknyamenjadi 22,18MPa. Selain itu, penambahan serat pada matriks polimer secara umum menurunkan nilai kekerasan komposit. Dari pengamatan strukturmikro ternyata kurangnya ikatan antara serat dengan matriks polimer dan distribusi serat pada matriks polimer mempengaruhi nilai kekuatan tarik dan nilai kekerasan bahan komposit

Surface Roughness and Grain Size Characterization of Annealing Temperature Effect For Growth Gallium and Tantalum Doped Ba0.5 Sr0.5TiO3Thin Film

Thin films 10 % gallium oxide doped barium strontium titanate (BGST) and 10 % tantalum oxide doped barium strontium titanate (BTST) were prepared on p-type Si (100) substrates using chemical solution deposition (CSD) method with 1.00 M precursor. The films were deposited by spin coating method with spinning speed at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. The post deposition annealing of the films were carried out in a furnace at 200oC, 240oC, 280oC (low temperature) for 1 hour in oxygen gas atmosphere. The surface roughness and grain size analysis of the grown thin films are described by atomic force microscope (AFM) method at 5000 nm x 5000 nm area. The rms surface roughness BGST thin films at 5000 nm x 5000 nm area are 0.632 nm, 0.564 nm, 0.487 nm for temperature 200oC, 240oC, 280oC, respectively, whereas the grain size (mean diameter) are 238.4 nm, 219.0 nm, 185.1 nm for temperature 200oC, 240oC, 280oC, respectively. In fact, to increase annealing temperature from 200oC to 280oC would result in decreasing the rms roughness and grain size. Therefore, rms roughness and grain size would have the strong correlation annealing temperature. Received: 9 November 2008; Revised: 24 August 2009; Accepted: 25 August 200

Electrical Properties of Photodiode Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BST) Thin Film Doped with Ferric Oxide on P-type Si (100) Substrate Using Chemical Solution Deposition Method

In this paper we have grown pure Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BST) and BST doped by Ferric Oxide Fe2O3 (BFST) with doping variations of 5%, 10%, and 15% above type-p Silicon (100) substrate using the chemical solution deposition (CSD) method with spin coating technique at rotation speed of 3000 rpm, for 30 seconds. BST thin film are made with a concentration of 1 M 2-methoxyethanol and annealing temperature of 850oC for the Si (100) substrate. Characterization of the thin film is performed for the electrical properties such as the current-voltage (I-V) curve using Keithley model 2400 as well as dielectric constant, time constant, pyroelectric characteristics, and depth measurement. The results show that the thin film depth increases if the concentration of the Ferric Oxide doping increases. The I-V characterization shows that the BST and BFST thin film has photodiode properties. The dielectric constant increases with the addition of doping. The maximum dielectric constant value is obtained for 15 % doping concentration namely 83.1 for pure BST and 6.89, 11.1, 41.63 and 83.1, respectively for the Ferric Oxide doping based BST with concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15%. XRD spectra of 15% of ferric oxide doped BST thin film tetragonal phase, we carried out the lattice constant were a = b = 4.203 Å; c = 4.214 Å; c/a ratio = 1.003. Received: 01 February 2010; Revised: 04 October 2011; Accepted: 02 November 201

Kajian Proses Sterilisasi Media Jamur Tiram Putih Terhadap Mutu Bibit Yang Dihasilkan

Sterilization media were done in drum. Fuels LPG.is used for the fuel Efficiencies of the fuel gained in the media sterilization oyster mushrooms for 6 hours is 40.74%, meanwhile efficiencies of the fuel for 8 and 10 hours is 59.57% and 53.14%. The physical and economical research of the white oyster mushrooms sterilization process for 8 hours produces the highest efficiency

Surface Roughness and Grain Size Characterization of Annealing Temperature Effect For Growth Gallium and Tantalum Doped Ba0.5 Sr0.5TiO3Thin Film

Thin films 10 % gallium oxide doped barium strontium titanate (BGST) and 10 % tantalum oxide doped barium strontium titanate (BTST) were prepared on p-type Si (100) substrates using chemical solution deposition (CSD) method with 1.00 M precursor. The films were deposited by spin coating method with spinning speed at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. The post deposition annealing of the films were carried out in a furnace at 200oC, 240oC, 280oC (low temperature) for 1 hour in oxygen gas atmosphere. The surface roughness and grain size analysis of the grown thin films are described by atomic force microscope (AFM) method at 5000 nm x 5000 nm area. The rms surface roughness BGST thin films at 5000 nm x 5000 nm area are 0.632 nm, 0.564 nm, 0.487 nm for temperature 200oC, 240oC, 280oC, respectively, whereas the grain size (mean diameter) are 238.4 nm, 219.0 nm, 185.1 nm for temperature 200oC, 240oC, 280oC, respectively. In fact, to increase annealing temperature from 200oC to 280oC would result in decreasing the rms roughness and grain size. Therefore, rms roughness and grain size would have the strong correlation annealing temperature

Tiered Small Medium Enterprise Training Model: Achieving SME’s Competitive Advantage in Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era

This study aims to analyze the model and implementation of tiered SME training in achieving SME’s competitive advantage in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. The type of research used was qualitative research through focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, and observation methods. The results of the current study are (1) The Surabaya City Government initiated tiered SME training and developed by academics to facilitate the readiness of SME actors by involving trainers in increasing the competency of SME actors in order to achieve competitive advantage in industrial revolution 4.0 era; (2) Challenges faced by SMEs in the industrial revolution 4.0 era are increasingly severe, so that they require commitment, the ability to adapt to change, and a strong willingness to learn; (3) Commitment, the ability to adapt to change, and the willingness to learn SME actors have heterogeneity