94 research outputs found
Nonlinear excitations in arrays of Bose-Einstein condensates
The dynamics of localized excitations in array of Bose-Einstein condensates
is investigated in the framework of the nonlinear lattice theory. The existence
of temporarily stable ground states displaying an atomic population
distributions localized on very few lattice sites (intrinsic localized modes),
as well as, of atomic population distributions involving many lattice sites
(envelope solitons), is studied both numerically and analytically. The origin
and properties of these modes are shown to be inherently connected with the
interplay between macroscopic quantum tunnelling and nonlinearity induced
self-trapping of atoms in coupled BECs. The phenomenon of Bloch oscillations of
these excitations is studied both for zero and non zero backgrounds. We find
that in a definite range of parameters, homogeneous distributions can become
modulationally unstable. We also show that bright solitons and excitations of
shock wave type can exist in BEC arrays even in the case of positive scattering
length. Finally, we argue that BEC array with negative scattering length in
presence of linear potentials can display collapse.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Three-wave interaction in two-component quadratic nonlinear lattices
We investigate a two-component lattice with a quadratic nonlinearity and find with the multiple scale
technique that integrable three-wave interaction takes place between plane wave solutions when these fulfill
resonance conditions. We demonstrate that energy conversion and pulse propagation known from three-wave
interaction is reproduced in the lattice and that exact phase matching of parametric processes can be obtained
in non-phase-matched lattices by tilting the interacting plane waves with respect to each other.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Spatial optical solitons in nonlinear photonic crystals
We study spatial optical solitons in a one-dimensional nonlinear photonic
crystal created by an array of thin-film nonlinear waveguides, the so-called
Dirac-comb nonlinear lattice. We analyze modulational instability of the
extended Bloch-wave modes and also investigate the existence and stability of
bright, dark, and ``twisted'' spatially localized modes in such periodic
structures. Additionally, we discuss both similarities and differences of our
general results with the simplified models of nonlinear periodic media
described by the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation, derived in the
tight-binding approximation, and the coupled-mode theory, valid for shallow
periodic modulations of the optical refractive index.Comment: 15 pages, 21 figure
Dark-in-Bright Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates with Attractive Interactions
We demonstrate a possibility to generate localized states in effectively
one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with a negative scattering length in
the form of a dark soliton in the presence of an optical lattice (OL) and/or a
parabolic magnetic trap. We connect such structures with twisted localized
modes (TLMs) that were previously found in the discrete nonlinear
Schr{\"o}dinger equation. Families of these structures are found as functions
of the OL strength, tightness of the magnetic trap, and chemical potential, and
their stability regions are identified. Stable bound states of two TLMs are
also found. In the case when the TLMs are unstable, their evolution is
investigated by means of direct simulations, demonstrating that they transform
into large-amplitude fundamental solitons. An analytical approach is also
developed, showing that two or several fundamental solitons, with the phase
shift between adjacent ones, may form stable bound states, with
parameters quite close to those of the TLMs revealed by simulations. TLM
structures are found numerically and explained analytically also in the case
when the OL is absent, the condensate being confined only by the magnetic trap.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, New Journal of Physics (in press
Parametric localized modes in quadratic nonlinear photonic structures
We analyze two-color spatially localized modes formed by parametrically
coupled fundamental and second-harmonic fields excited at quadratic (or chi-2)
nonlinear interfaces embedded into a linear layered structure --- a
quasi-one-dimensional quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal. For a periodic
lattice of nonlinear interfaces, we derive an effective discrete model for the
amplitudes of the fundamental and second-harmonic waves at the interfaces (the
so-called discrete chi-2 equations), and find, numerically and analytically,
the spatially localized solutions --- discrete gap solitons. For a single
nonlinear interface in a linear superlattice, we study the properties of
two-color localized modes, and describe both similarities and differences with
quadratic solitons in homogeneous media.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Solitons in Triangular and Honeycomb Dynamical Lattices with the Cubic Nonlinearity
We study the existence and stability of localized states in the discrete
nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation (DNLS) on two-dimensional non-square
lattices. The model includes both the nearest-neighbor and long-range
interactions. For the fundamental strongly localized soliton, the results
depend on the coordination number, i.e., on the particular type of the lattice.
The long-range interactions additionally destabilize the discrete soliton, or
make it more stable, if the sign of the interaction is, respectively, the same
as or opposite to the sign of the short-range interaction. We also explore more
complicated solutions, such as twisted localized modes (TLM's) and solutions
carrying multiple topological charge (vortices) that are specific to the
triangular and honeycomb lattices. In the cases when such vortices are
unstable, direct simulations demonstrate that they turn into zero-vorticity
fundamental solitons.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, Phys. Rev.
Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcations in the discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger trimer: oscillatory instabilities, quasiperiodic solutions and a 'new' type of self-trapping transition
Oscillatory instabilities in Hamiltonian anharmonic lattices are known to
appear through Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcations of certain time-periodic solutions
of multibreather type. Here, we analyze the basic mechanisms for this scenario
by considering the simplest possible model system of this kind where they
appear: the three-site discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger model with periodic
boundary conditions. The stationary solution having equal amplitude and
opposite phases on two sites and zero amplitude on the third is known to be
unstable for an interval of intermediate amplitudes. We numerically analyze the
nature of the two bifurcations leading to this instability and find them to be
of two different types. Close to the lower-amplitude threshold stable
two-frequency quasiperiodic solutions exist surrounding the unstable stationary
solution, and the dynamics remains trapped around the latter so that in
particular the amplitude of the originally unexcited site remains small. By
contrast, close to the higher-amplitude threshold all two-frequency
quasiperiodic solutions are detached from the unstable stationary solution, and
the resulting dynamics is of 'population-inversion' type involving also the
originally unexcited site.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, to be published in J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.
Revised and shortened version with few clarifying remarks adde
The use of descriptive statistics for the characteristics of the empirical samples macroeconomic indicators
In the article, the statistical tests of the empirical distributions of economic indicators of the Russian Federation in 2011 (average monthly nominal accrued salary, the unemployment rate), the unemployment rate of the countries of the European Union in 2011, on conformity to their normal distribution law (distribution fitting) are made. On the basis of the calculation of the statistical criterion of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, (K-S test) the distributions being not normal distributions is proved. Therefore, for their characteristics it is inappropriate to use the arithmetic mean as indicators of economic status and development. For the selected empirical distributions of the calculations of such indicators descriptive statistics, as the median, the lower and upper quartiles, interquartile range are conducted, the advantages of graphical representation of the data in the form of a chart «box and whisker» are shown. On the example of the two Russian districts of the Southern Federal district and the Volga Federal district, the comparison of the average monthly salary in 2010 with the help of nonparametric test Mann-Whitney U test is carried out, the difference in the interpretation of data compared with the use of simple averages is shown. The results of the performed calculations can be used for the analysis of economic indicators average monthly salary and the unemployment rate in 83 subjects of the Russian Federation in 2011, the unemployment rate in the EU countries in 2011, as well as the methodology of statistical analysis of the different empirical distribution economic indicators
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