What is Nutrigenomics?

Uspjehom projekta sekvencioniranja ljudskog genoma, povećalo se razumijevanje uzroka, a time i prevencije različitih bolesti u ljudi. Spoznalo se da mijenjajući prehrambene navike možemo spriječiti pojavu nekih bolesti. Tako se na području istraživanja prehrane razvija nova disciplina, nutrigenomika. Taj novi smjer molekularne prehrane omogućuje upoznavanje pozadine interakcije hrane koju konzumiramo i našeg genetičkog profi la, a time nam daje i mogućnost razvoja novih načina liječenja i prevencije bolesti. U ovom radu opisani su osnovni ciljevi i metode nutrigenomike te njena praktična primjena u razvoju koncepta individualne prehraneThe success of sequencing the human genome has led to the increasing understanding of causes and thus the prevention of various human illnesses. It is understood that by adjusting ones dieting habits one can prevent disease appearance. Such knowledge has made way for a new discipline in the fi eld of nutrition research, nutrigenomics. This novel direction of molecular nutrition provides insight into the interaction of the food we consume and our genetic profi le, and therefore grants the possibility to develop new methods of treatment and disease prevention. This article encloses the description of the primary objective and the methods of nutrigenomics as well as its practical implementation in the development of an individual diet concept

Effect of ultraviolet C radiation on biological samples

Aim To examine the influence of ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation on blood, saliva, semen, and naked DNA samples for preventing DNA cross-contamination on working surfaces in laboratories. Methods Blood, saliva, semen, and DNA isolated from buccal swab samples were obtained from a single male donor and applied to the laboratory working surfaces. UVC radiation was applied to these diluted and undiluted samples with or without previous decontamination of the working surfaces with 10% sodium hypochlorite and 20% ethanol. Genomic DNA was extracted using Chelex. After quantification, DNA was amplified using the AmpFlSTR® NGM™ PCR Amplification Kit. We tested and statistically analyzed DNA concentration, UVC dose, sample volume, radiation time, the number of correctly detected alleles on genetic loci, and the number of correctly detected alleles in four groups in which 16 loci were divided. Results When working surfaces were not decontaminated and were treated only with UVC radiation in the laboratory, the genetic profile for naked DNA could not be obtained after 2 minutes of UVC radiation and for saliva after 54 hours. For blood and semen, a partial genetic profile was obtained even after 250 hours of UVC radiation in the laminar. When working surfaces were decontaminated with 10% sodium hypochlorite and 20% ethanol, genetic profile could not be obtained for naked DNA after 2 minutes, for saliva after 4 hours, for blood after 16 hours, and for semen after 8 hours of UVC radiation in the laboratory. Conclusion It is recommended to carefully and thoroughly clean working surfaces with 10% sodium hypochlorite and 20% ethanol followed by minimal 16-hour UVC exposure (dose approximately 4380 mJ/cm2) for complete and successful decontamination

Effect of UVC radiation on biological samples

Forenzična genetika bavi se utvrđivanjem DNA profila dobivenih DNA analizom tragova biološkog podrijetla. DNA profili identificirani umnažanjem 15 kratkih uzastopno ponavljajućih polimorfnih lokusa (engl. Short Tandem Repeat, STR) i spolnog biljega amelogenina imaju visoku snagu diskriminacije. U forenzičnim laboratorijima, koriste se komercijalna sredstva za čišćenje i UVC lampe za sprječavanje kontaminacije radnih površina prilikom analize uzoraka biološkog podrijetla. UVC zračenje uzrokuje nastanak ciklobutanskih pirimidinskih dimera (CPD), pirimidin 6-4 pirimidon fotoprodukata (6-4 PP), jednolančanih te dvolančanih lomova DNA. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj UVC zračenja na uzorke i kontrole izolirane DNA te razrijeđene i nerazrijeđene uzorke i kontrole krvi, sline i sperme, kao i odrediti dozu UVC zračenja pri kojoj nije moguće identificirati DNA profil ispitanika, uslijed degradacije DNA.Forensic genetics deals with determining DNA profiles obtained by DNA analysis of traces of biological origin. DNA profiles identified by amplifying 15 Short Tandem Repeats (STR) loci and a sex marker amelogenin have high discrimination power. In forensic laboratories, commercial cleaning agents and UVC lamps are used for the prevention of contamination of work surfaces during the analysis of samples of biological origin. UVC radiation causes formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), pyrimidine 6-4 pirimidone photoproducts (6-4 PP) and single and double stranded DNA brakes. The goal of this research is to examine the effects of UVC radiation on isolated DNA samples and controls, disolved as well as non-dissolved samples and control blood, saliva and sperm samples and to determine the dose of UVC radiation at which identification of the DNA profile of the donor is not possible due to DNA degradation

Effect of UVC radiation on biological samples

Forenzična genetika bavi se utvrđivanjem DNA profila dobivenih DNA analizom tragova biološkog podrijetla. DNA profili identificirani umnažanjem 15 kratkih uzastopno ponavljajućih polimorfnih lokusa (engl. Short Tandem Repeat, STR) i spolnog biljega amelogenina imaju visoku snagu diskriminacije. U forenzičnim laboratorijima, koriste se komercijalna sredstva za čišćenje i UVC lampe za sprječavanje kontaminacije radnih površina prilikom analize uzoraka biološkog podrijetla. UVC zračenje uzrokuje nastanak ciklobutanskih pirimidinskih dimera (CPD), pirimidin 6-4 pirimidon fotoprodukata (6-4 PP), jednolančanih te dvolančanih lomova DNA. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj UVC zračenja na uzorke i kontrole izolirane DNA te razrijeđene i nerazrijeđene uzorke i kontrole krvi, sline i sperme, kao i odrediti dozu UVC zračenja pri kojoj nije moguće identificirati DNA profil ispitanika, uslijed degradacije DNA.Forensic genetics deals with determining DNA profiles obtained by DNA analysis of traces of biological origin. DNA profiles identified by amplifying 15 Short Tandem Repeats (STR) loci and a sex marker amelogenin have high discrimination power. In forensic laboratories, commercial cleaning agents and UVC lamps are used for the prevention of contamination of work surfaces during the analysis of samples of biological origin. UVC radiation causes formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), pyrimidine 6-4 pirimidone photoproducts (6-4 PP) and single and double stranded DNA brakes. The goal of this research is to examine the effects of UVC radiation on isolated DNA samples and controls, disolved as well as non-dissolved samples and control blood, saliva and sperm samples and to determine the dose of UVC radiation at which identification of the DNA profile of the donor is not possible due to DNA degradation