Degradation of phenol with using of Fenton-like Processes from water

Phenol is one of the serious pollutants from the chemical and petrochemical industries. This pollutant due to its convoluted structure is resistant to biodegradation. One of the methods that are useful to remove this pollutant is advanced oxidation (AOP). A laboratory scale study was done on a synthetic wastewater containing phenol. All experiments were done in batch conditions and effect of variables pH, amount of hydrogen peroxide, iron dosage, contact time and an initial concentration on the phenol removal were tested. The remaining phenol concentration was evaluated using the DR-5000 device. In order to effect of these parameters, the experiment was performance at pH 2 to 6, 5 to 45 ml/ml of peroxide, and time of 5 to 60 minutes with 2 to 15 g/ml iron (Fe˚). The optimum pH, the ratio of hydrogen, Fe˚and time were 3, 15 ml, 8g and 5 minutes respectively. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) index was chosen as the parameter for evaluation in this study. Result showed that mineralization of phenol was not complete. The COD removal efficiency was obtained 71%. According to the results of this study, Fenton-like process can be used for conversion organic resistant compounds to other compounds with lower toxicity

بررسی نگرش دارالاسلام به اصول حقوق شهروندی

Background and Aim: Islamic Society Which is in Fact the Same Country or Islamic Land Where the Majority are Muslims or Islamic Rules Prevail, Has a Lot Relationship With Citizenship Rights. The Members of the Islamic Community are Citizens (Muslims and non-Muslims) Who Have Their Own Rights. The Present Study Seeks to Investigate the Attitude of the Islamic Society Towards the Civil Rights. Materials and Methods: The Present Descriptive-Analytical Research has Collected Information from Books, Articles, Religious Texts and Documents to Write the Subject. Findings: Islamic Society Often Means Drawing an Ideological Border or, if Possible, a Geographical One Between the Islamic World and the World of Infidelity, Which, of Course, is Based on the Liberating Teachings of Islam and the Political, Social, Cultural and Economic Rights of Citizens. It is Observed Among Muslims and Non-Muslims as Well. Therefore, the Emergence of the Islamic Society is Due to the Implementation of Islamic Rules and Peaceful Coexistence Based on Divine Teachings and Does not Only Deal With the Rights of Citizens at the Geographical Border. Conclusion: The Islamic Society Defines the Range of Attitudes and Boundaries of Islam in Relation to Other Schools and Ideologies, But its View to Contemporary Citizenship Rights is a Positive and Progressive. The Idealistic and Extraterritorial View of Islamic Society is not Compatible With the Hegemonic Approach, but is a Moral Message for the Realization of the Oppressed Around the World and a Life of Peace and Justice that Forms the Basis of Civil Rights Today. Islamic Jurists Should Try to Explain the Islamic Rules on Citizenship Rights in the Light of Contemporary Developments and to Avoid Accusations of Human Rights Around the World. This Unites the Islamic World, Both Shiites and Sunnis, and Creates a Unified Approach to Customary Citizenship Rights.   Please cite this article as: Daraei M, Khazaei A R, Yaghouti E. Investigating the Attitude of the Islamic Society Towards the Principles of Civil Rights. Med Hist J, Special Issue on the History of Islam and Iran 2020; 125-136.زمینه و هدف: جامعه اسلامی که درواقع همان کشور و یا سرزمین اسلامی است که اکثریت آن مسلمان هستند و یا احکام اسلامی در آن غلبه دارند، ارتباط زیادی با حقوق شهروندی دارد. به این دلیل که اعضای جامعه اسلامی را شهروندان (مسلمان و غیرمسلمان) تشکیل می‌دهند که دارای حقوق خاص خود هستند. پژوهش حاضر درصدد بررسی نگرش جامعه اسلامی به مقوله حقوق شهروندی است. مواد و روش‌ها: روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی- تحلیلی است که با جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از کتب، مقالات، متون دینی و اسنادی نسبت به نگارش موضوع اقدام نموده است. یافته‌ها: جامعه اسلامی اغلب به معنای ترسیم مرزی عقیدتی و یا در صورت امکان، جغرافیایی میان دنیای اسلام و دنیای کفر است که البته بر پایه تعالیم رهایی‌بخش اسلام شکل می‌یابد و حقوق سیاسی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی شهروندان اعم از مسلمانان و غیرمسلمانان نیز در آن رعایت می‌شود. بنابراین مطرح شدن جامعه اسلامی به دلیل پیاده کردن احکام اسلامی و همزیستی صلح‌آمیز بر پایه تعالیم الهی است و تنها به حقوق شهروندان در مرز جغرافیایی نمی‌پردازد. نتیجه‌گیری: جامعه اسلامی گستره نگرش و مرزهای اسلام را در برابر سایر مکاتب و ایدئولوژی‌ها مشخص می‌نماید که البته نگاه آن به حقوق شهروندی معاصر، نگاهی مثبت و پیشروانه است. نگاه آرمان‌خواهانه و فراسرزمینی جامعه اسلامی با رویکرد سلطه‌طلبی سازگار نیست، بلکه پیامی اخلاقی برای احقاق مظلومان و ستمدیدگان در سراسر جهان و زندگی توأم با صلح و عدالت است که امروزه مبانی حقوق شهروندی را نیز تشکیل می‌دهند. فقهای اسلامی می‌بایست تلاش نمایند تا در پرتو تحولات معاصر و دوری جستن از اتهامات حقوق بشری در سطح جهان به تشریح احکام اسلامی درباره حقوق شهروندی بپردازند. این مسأله باعث وحدت جهان اسلام اعم از شیعی و سنی می‌شود و رویکرد واحدی در قبال حقوق شهروندی عرفی ایجاد می‌نماید

Evaluation of noises in different government hospitals of Khorramabad in winter 2017

Background: One of the physical factors in the hospital environment is the sound. The sound can interfere with comfort and normal activities of patients. An annoying sound can prevent the proper staffing of the hospital in the direction of the patient's activities. The aim of this study was to measure noise pollution level in various parts of government hospitals in Khorramabad city.Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Sound at the hospital was measured at two times in the morning and in the evening. The sound was measured by digital sound level meter models CEL440. Collected Data with were analyzed using MS excel and SPSS 22 (ANOVA and T test).Results: The mean of sound equivalent level was obtained in Dialysis, Cardiac admission, Admission to men, internal admission of men, Admission to children, ICU, CCU, NICU of Shahid Rahimi Hospital. And the ICU section and Cardiac of Shahid Madani hospital. The highest and lowest sound level were in parts of NICU and CCU, respectively.Conclusion: The findings showed that there was a significant relationship (Pvalue<0.001) between the measured level of sound at the time and place of most parts. Sound level was higher in the morning than the evening. The measured sound was significantly relationship in the two hospital. Also, The measured sound was higher than the standards (35 dB), which seems to have to take control measures in this regard

Evaluation of noises in different government hospitals of Khorramabad in winter 2017

Background: One of the physical factors in the hospital environment is the sound. The sound can interfere with comfort and normal activities of patients. An annoying sound can prevent the proper staffing of the hospital in the direction of the patient's activities. The aim of this study was to measure noise pollution level in various parts of government hospitals in Khorramabad city.Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Sound at the hospital was measured at two times in the morning and in the evening. The sound was measured by digital sound level meter models CEL440. Collected Data with were analyzed using MS excel and SPSS 22 (ANOVA and T test).Results: The mean of sound equivalent level was obtained in Dialysis, Cardiac admission, Admission to men, internal admission of men, Admission to children, ICU, CCU, NICU of Shahid Rahimi Hospital. And the ICU section and Cardiac of Shahid Madani hospital. The highest and lowest sound level were in parts of NICU and CCU, respectively.Conclusion: The findings showed that there was a significant relationship (Pvalue<0.001) between the measured level of sound at the time and place of most parts. Sound level was higher in the morning than the evening. The measured sound was significantly relationship in the two hospital. Also, The measured sound was higher than the standards (35 dB), which seems to have to take control measures in this regard

Removal of 4-Chlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Graphene Oxide Nanoporous Adsorbent

In this study, graphene oxide was used as a nanostructured adsorbent with properties supposedly better than other common adsorbents to remove 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, graphene oxide was initially synthesized using the Hummer's method and x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to identify its morphology and structure. The variables involved in the absorption process (including 4-chlorophenol initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and pH) were investigated based on the one-factor-at-a-time method. Eventually, the data were confirmed against the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the adsorption process reached equilibrium in 20 minutes. A dosage of 0.4 g/L graphene oxide at pH=8 brought about 90% removal of 10 mg/L 4-chlorophenol within 5 minutes. The adsorption isotherm was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model and the values for R2 and RL were recorded as 0.99 for and 0.34, respectively. Being a low cost and highly efficient process, the adsorption process using graphene oxide adsorbent may be recommended for the reduction and elimination of pollutants in the environment, especially those in aqueous solutions

Fluoride Content of Bottled Drinking Water Available in North West of Iran

Background: Consumption of bottled waters has received popularity and more acceptances. Fluoride is necessary for human life. But high levels of fluoride can cause some problems for human health such as Fluorosis and teeth and bones problems. The aim of this study is measure the fluoride content in bottled waters consumed in North West of Iran and comparison with the amount listed on their labels and with the drinking water standards. Methods: In this study, 10 brands of bottled water were sampled from markets over the two seasons randomly. Samples were analyzed for fluoride using Ion Chromatography (IC) method. Results: Results showed that fluoride concentration in different brands had a significant difference (P <0.05). The concentration of fluoride in samples ranged between 0.04 and 0.32 mg/L. Among analyzed selected brands four brands were observed significant differences with the measured values. Conclusion: &nbsp;Totally the measured values didn&rsquo;t match with the values declared on the labels (Reliability coefficient <0). It was revealed that fluoride concentration in all brands was less than the lower range of Iranian national standard (0.7-1.2 mg/lit)

Solvent-free preparation of amido-alkyl-phenols catalyzed by trityl chloride under neutral media

One-pot, multi-component condensation reaction of phenols, aromatic aldehydes, and amides in the presence of catalytic amount of trityl chloride (TrCl) as a homogeneous organocatalyst under solvent-free condition to prepare a new category of compounds, namely amido-alkyl-phenols has been reported. It is interesting that TrCl by in situ generation of trityl carbocation with inherent instability catalyzes the reaction.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Carbon Nanotubes Technology for Removal of Arsenic from Water

Please cite this article as: Naghizadeh A, Yari AR, Tashauoei HR, Mahdavi M, Derakhshani E, Rahimi R, Bahmani P. Carbon nanotubes technology for removal of arsenic from water. Arch Hyg Sci 2012;1(1):6-11. Aims of the Study: This study was aimed to investigate the adsorption mechanism of the arsenic removal from water by using carbon nanotubes in continuous adsorption column. Materials &amp;amp; Methods: Independent variables including carbon nanotubes dosage, contact time and breakthrough point were carried out to determine the influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity of the arsenic from water. Results: Adsorption capacities of single wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes were about 148 mg/g and 95 mg/g respectively. The experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and equilibrium data indicate the best fit obtained with Langmuir isotherm model. 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