An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42, 400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences. © 2021, The Author(s)

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

Sulfate Reduction at pH 4 During the Thermophilic (55 degrees C) Acidification of Sucrose in UASB Reactors

Continuous sulfate reduction at pH 4.0 was demonstrated in a pH controlled thermophilic (55 degrees C) upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor fed with sucrose at a COD/SO42- ratio of 0.9 and an organic loading rate of 0.8 and 1.9 gCOD (l(reactor) d)(-1) for a period of 78 days. A near v complete sulfate reduction efficiency was achieved throughout the reactor run, corresponding to sulfate removal rates of 0.91 and 1.92 g (l(reactor) d)(-1) at sulfate loading rates of 0.94 and 2 g (l(reactor) d)(-1), respectively, by keeping the sulfide concentration below 20 mg l(-1) due to stripping with nitrogen gas. Acidification was always complete and acetate was the only, degradation intermediate left in the effluent, which did not exceed 180 mgCOD l(-1) in pseudo-stationary states. The sludge was well retained ill the reactor and kept its granular form. A, Cu, Se, and Mo accumulated in the sludge, whereas Co, Ni, Fe, and Mn leached from the sludge, despite their continuous supply to the reactor via the influent. The bacterial diversity in the reactor sludge at the end of the reactor run was low and the culture was dominated by one acidifying species, resembling Thermoanaerobacterium sp., and one sulfate reducing species, resembling Desulfotomaculum sp

Minimizing the trade-off between photocurrent and photovoltage in triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells

PubMed:33205977WOS:000598121700032Its lower bandgap makes formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) a more suitable candidate for single-junction solar cells than pure methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). However, its structural and thermodynamic stability is improved by introducing a significant amount of MA and bromide, both of which increase the bandgap and amplify trade-off between the photocurrent and photovoltage. Here, we simultaneously stabilized FAPbI3 into a cubic lattice and minimized the formation of photoinactive phases such as hexagonal FAPbI3 and PbI2 by introducing 5% MAPbBr3, as revealed by synchrotron X-ray scattering. We were able to stabilize the composition (FA0.95MA0.05Cs0.05)Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3, which exhibits a minimal trade-off between the photocurrent and photovoltage. This material shows low energetic disorder and improved charge-carrier dynamics as revealed by photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), respectively. This allowed the fabrication of operationally stable perovskite solar cells yielding reproducible efficiencies approaching 22%. ©Wolfson College, University of Oxford Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC: EP/M005143/1 EP/P032591/1 Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF: IZJSZ2_180176 Royal Society: URF\R1\201696M.I.D. acknowledges support from the Royal Society (grant no. URF\R1\201696). T.B. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (project no. IZJSZ2_180176). N.A. and R.H.F. acknowledge support from the GCRF/EPSRC SUNRISE (EP/P032591/1) project. We thank the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) for provision of synchrotron radiation and A. Chumakov and F. Zontone for assistance in using beamline ID10. We thank P. Mettraux (Molecular and Hybrid Materials Characterization Center, EPFL) for carrying out XPS measurements. We thank G. Jacopin for TRPL measurements. S.A. thanks TUBITAK-2214-A International Doctoral Research Fellowship Programme, for supporting his research at EPFL. M.A.-J. thanks Cambridge Materials Limited, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge and EPSRC (grant no. EP/M005143/1) for their funding and technical support