Studies on structural elucidation of delphinium alkaloids by using LC-ESI-MS technique.

A rapid,sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-electron spray-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method to identify the different diester-diterpenoid and monoester type alkaloids from delphinium cashmerianum Collected from Sopi Kargil. Chromatographic separation were achieved on c-18 coloumn and peaks determined by mass spectrometry in positive and negative modes.The validated method led to tentative identification of eight alkaloids on the basis of their retention times and fragmentation patterns. Results showed that the positive mode response was much higher than the negative ion mode .chromatographic conditions were optimized to obtain high resolution and short run time

Co-Solubilization of Organic Compounds in Self- Assemblies of Surfactant Systems

Surfactants are heterogeneous, long chain molecules,that at low concentration in solution, have the property of adsorbing onto the surface / interface of a system in an oriented fashion altering the surface / interfacial energy to a marked extent.The cmc values of all the surfactants were determined from the plot of surface tension (γ) vs logarithm of surfactant concentration (log Ct) shown in Figure 3.1. Surface tension measurements were made with a Kruss-9(Germany) tensiometer, equipped with thermostatable vessel holder, by the platinum ring detachment method. Surfactant concentration was varied by adding solution of known surfactant concentration in small installments using a Hamilton microsyringe to 30 cm3 of water in the sample vessel placed in the thermostatable vessel holder. Measurements were made after thorough mixing and temperature equilibration. Temperature was maintained at 25 0C (within ± 0.1 0C) by circulating water from a HAAKE GH thermostat through the thermostatable vessel holder. The accuracy of the measurements was within ± 0.1 dyne cm-1 .The readings were taken in triplicate to ensure reproducibility

Typha orientalis Presl (Typhaceae): a new species record for India

Typha orientalis C. Presl (Typhaceae) is recorded for the first time from the Kashmir Himalaya, India.and for the first time in the entire Indian sub-continent. A detailed taxonomic description and photographs of the diagnostic characters are provided to facilitate its identification in the field. Also provided are diagnostic characters used to distinguish T. orientalis C. Presl from T. latifolia L

Effect of Single and Mixed Surfactants on Antioxidant Activity of Bio-Active Molecules

Surfactants have unique physico-chemical properties as a result of their amphiphillic molecular structure and are fundamental to life and living bodies.1 Most of amphiphiles display very important phenomena such as surface activity, wetting adsorption and micelle formation with the resultant functions like solubilization, emulsification, dispersion, drug delivery, ion transport etc.2,3 Micelles are colloidal particles with the size in the nanometre range, into which many amphiphillic molecules self assemble spontaneously.4 They are versatile products and have found application in emulsion polymerization,5,6 enhanced oil recovery,7 biomedical materials,8 and biomemitism.9 Surfactant mixtures have become more interesting than single surfactant solutions due to their wide technological applications and their molecular interactions on complex supramolecular systems.10 The interactions between water soluble polymers and surfactants are of considerable interest from an industrial point of view as well as because they mimic protein membrane interactions.11 The use of aqueous miceller media in kinetic studies is rapidly increasing with the aim to replace the conventional organic solvent based syntheses by micelle based syntheses, which not only provides a greater control over stereoselectivity but is environment friendly as well.12,1

Correlative analysis of dissociative disorder among Kashmiri population

Background: Dissociation is a complex psychopathology. Symptoms of dissociation are seen in different mental disorders. It is defined as a loss of integration between memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study sociodemographic variables of dissociative patients and to study psychiatric morbidities and their correlates concerning dissociative semeiology. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from June to September 2023, where 51 persons were enrolled, who visited our patient department. Ethical clearance and consent were taken for the study. All the patients were diagnosed by a consultant psychiatrist according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria. Sociodemographic profile pro forma, BG Prasad scale, and Dissociation Experience Scale-II were administered. Result: The majority of patients were from the 19 to 23-year-old age group, unmarried females residing in rural areas living in nuclear families having middle economic status who achieved middle education. The majority of patients had psychogenic non-epileptic seizures as a dominant symptom with school-related issues as a precipitant factor with the majority having a major depressive disorder. The correlation was significant at the 0.005 level. A correlation of P<0.005 for anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and adjustment disorder with dissociative symptoms was seen. A P<0.005 was seen for sex, education, economic status, and occupation to that of dissociative symptoms. Conclusion: Dissociation symptoms have multiple comorbid psychiatric disorders comorbidly present. Precipitating factors need to be taken care of. Intervention should be multipronged. Psychological interventions may help manage different subconscious conflicts

Switching the Solid-State Emission of Organic Crystals through Coformer Choice and Vapochromism

Luminescence in aggregated systems is an intriguing phenomenon that can be exploited for the development of smart commercial materials. The establishment of a structure–property relationship is crucial to designing and improvising solid-state emitters. We report an organo-sulfonate hydrate (1) that exists in zwitterionic form and forms an isolated head-to-tail dimer without long-range π-stacking to form a nonemissive solid. Utilizing the understanding of the sulfonate-pyridinium supramolecular synthon, the emission of 1 is turned on and off by cocrystallization with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-Bpy) in 2 and 3, respectively. Structural and Hirshfeld studies validate that the packing modulations triggered by the pyridyl precursors are responsible for the emission switching. Charge-transfer dimers formed in 2 stacks through π-interactions to form emissive mixed-stack aggregates (λmax = 610 nm and Φ 1.1%), while the charge–transfer complex formed in 3 exhibits poor π-overlap due to the twisted conformation of 2,2′-Bpy and poor extended π-interactions to form a nonemissive mixed stack 3. The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is observed in both 1 and 2, which exhibit green emission with maximum intensity at 500 nm (Φ 58.2%) and 465 nm (Φ 77.6%) for a water fraction (fw) value of 10, i.e., 90:10 (THF/H2O v/v). AIE behavior is validated by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy studies. 1 exhibits vapochromic behavior and undergoes emission turn-on exposure to fumes of organic bases: NH3, Et3N, and Py. Plausibly due to proton abstraction by the bases, the vapochromic change is reverted by HCl fumes, and the process cycles. The salt forms of 2 and 3 respond to basic fumes only after prior exposure to the fumes of HCl and undergo a red shift (0.98 nm) in 2 and an emission-turn-on (612 nm) in 3. Furthermore, 3 exhibits irreversible thermochromic behavior at 75 °C, which is attributed to the loss of lattice water. The results are supported by the thermal, diffuse reflectance, powder X-ray diffraction, and Hirshfeld studies

Switching the Solid-State Emission of Organic Crystals through Coformer Choice and Vapochromism

Luminescence in aggregated systems is an intriguing phenomenon that can be exploited for the development of smart commercial materials. The establishment of a structure–property relationship is crucial to designing and improvising solid-state emitters. We report an organo-sulfonate hydrate (1) that exists in zwitterionic form and forms an isolated head-to-tail dimer without long-range π-stacking to form a nonemissive solid. Utilizing the understanding of the sulfonate-pyridinium supramolecular synthon, the emission of 1 is turned on and off by cocrystallization with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-Bpy) in 2 and 3, respectively. Structural and Hirshfeld studies validate that the packing modulations triggered by the pyridyl precursors are responsible for the emission switching. Charge-transfer dimers formed in 2 stacks through π-interactions to form emissive mixed-stack aggregates (λmax = 610 nm and Φ 1.1%), while the charge–transfer complex formed in 3 exhibits poor π-overlap due to the twisted conformation of 2,2′-Bpy and poor extended π-interactions to form a nonemissive mixed stack 3. The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is observed in both 1 and 2, which exhibit green emission with maximum intensity at 500 nm (Φ 58.2%) and 465 nm (Φ 77.6%) for a water fraction (fw) value of 10, i.e., 90:10 (THF/H2O v/v). AIE behavior is validated by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy studies. 1 exhibits vapochromic behavior and undergoes emission turn-on exposure to fumes of organic bases: NH3, Et3N, and Py. Plausibly due to proton abstraction by the bases, the vapochromic change is reverted by HCl fumes, and the process cycles. The salt forms of 2 and 3 respond to basic fumes only after prior exposure to the fumes of HCl and undergo a red shift (0.98 nm) in 2 and an emission-turn-on (612 nm) in 3. Furthermore, 3 exhibits irreversible thermochromic behavior at 75 °C, which is attributed to the loss of lattice water. The results are supported by the thermal, diffuse reflectance, powder X-ray diffraction, and Hirshfeld studies

Interfacially Modified Hybrid Nanoemulsion-Based Alginate Capsules: A Novel Food Grade System with Enhanced Oxidative Stability of Linoleic Acid with a Potential Antioxidant Property

Development of hybrid formulations of hydrogels, antioxidants, and nanoemulsions containing polyunsaturated fatty acids is highly demanding. Herein, we report the formulation of quercetin-loaded oil-in-water nanoemulsions fabricated with surfactants like Tween 20 (nonionic), sodium salt of lauroyl sarcosine (anionic), and 3-(N,N-dimethylmyristylammonio)propanesulfonate (zwitterionic) for controlling autoxidative degradation of linoleic acid. Having a droplet size <200 nm, nanoemulsions containing anionic and zwitterionic surfactants were more effective in controlling lipid peroxidation at 37 °C. The size of their hybrid alginate capsules ranged from 2.00 to 2.30 mm that released quercetin and scavenged DPPH· (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) in saline media with a free radical scavenging activity of ∼80% from capsules rich in zwitterionic surfactants. High percent swelling of capsules (approximately 600–700%) and >90% percent recovery make the capsules highly robust. These formulations have potential to provide promising platforms for the enhancement of shelf life of linoleic acid and rational formulation of quercetin-containing supplements in food and pharmaceutical industries

Studies on self-assembled soft system mediated molecular interactions.

NADigital copy of Ph.D thesis.University of Kashmir

Energy Balance Approach to Study the Role of Perspiration in Heat Distribution of Human Skin

This paper develops a model to identify the role of perspiration in temperature distribution of human skin. The model has been solved by using the energy balance equation on the surface of human skin. The role played by thermal conductance, convection, and heat radiation during heat transfer in human skin has been considered, and the relevant laws such as Fourier law for conduction, Newton’s Law for convection, and Stefan–Boltzmann’s law for radiation have been used in the model. Pennes’ bioheat equation has been employed to estimate the heat flow in the dermal region of skin including subcutaneous tissue